APS Member History

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1401	Name:	William Gerhard
	Year Elected:	1843
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1809
	Death Date:	4/28/1872

1402	Name:	Benjamin Gerhard
	Year Elected:	1854
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	6/18/1864

1403	Name:	Alexander Gerschenkron
	Year Elected:	1970
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1904
	Death Date:	10/26/1978

1404	Name:	Dr. Charles M. Geschke
	Institution:	Adobe Systems Incorporated
	Year Elected:	2012
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	107
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1939
	Death Date:	April 16, 2021

	Charles (Chuck) Geschke co-founded Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1982. A leader in the software industry for more than 40 years, Geschke retired from his position as president of Adobe in 2000 and continued to share the chairmanship of the board with Adobe’s co-founder John Warnock. Prior to co-founding Adobe Systems, Geschke formed the Imaging Sciences Laboratory at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in 1980, where he directed research activities in the fields of computer science, graphics, image processing, and optics. From 1972 to 1980, he was a principal scientist and researcher at Xerox PARC's Computer Sciences Laboratory. Before beginning full time graduate studies in 1968, he was on the faculty of the mathematics department of John Carroll University in Cleveland, Ohio. Geschke has actively participated on several boards of educational institutions, non-profits, technology companies, and arts organizations. From 1989 until 2007 Geschke served on Board of Trustees of the University of San Francisco and chaired the board for four years beginning in 2002. He is a member of the Board of Governors of the San Francisco Symphony and the board of the Commonwealth Club of California. He also serves on the board of the Egan Maritime Foundation, the board of the National Leadership Roundtable On Church Management and the board of the Nantucket Boys and Girls Club. In 1995, Geschke was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. In 2008, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In October 2009, Geschke was awarded the 2008 National Medal of Technology and Innovation by President Barack Obama. In the fall of 2010, Geschke was presented with the Marconi Society Award for scientific contributions to human progress in the field of information technology. In the spring of 2012, Geschke was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. Industry and business leaders, including the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Carnegie-Mellon University, the National Computer Graphics Association, and the Rochester Institute of Technology, have honored Geschke’s technical and managerial achievements. He received the regional Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 1991 and the national Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2003. In 2002, he was elected a Fellow of the Computer History Museum and in 2005 he was given the Exemplary Community Leadership Award by the NCCJ of Silicon Valley. Geschke received the Medal of Achievement from the American Electronics Association (AeA) in 2006. In 2007, he received the John W. Gardner Leadership Award. In 2000, Geschke was ranked the seventh most influential graphics person of the last millennium by Graphic Exchange magazine. He and his wife Nancy were honored with the St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Award in 2012 for their charitable endeavors. Geschke holds a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie-Mellon University and a M.S. in mathematics and an A.B. in Latin, both from Xavier University. He died on April 16, 2021.

1405	Name:	John Marshall Gest
	Year Elected:	1921
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	11/30/1934

1406	Name:	William P. Gest
	Year Elected:	1926
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1862

1407	Name:	Dr. Riccardo Giacconi
	Institution:	Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	December 9, 2018

	Riccardo Giacconi received his Ph.D. at the University of Milan in 1954. He was a professor and associate director of the Harvard/Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (1973-82); director of the Space Telescope Science Institute (1981, 1993); professor at the University of Milan (1991-99); and director general of the European Southern Observatory (1993-99). A professor at the Johns Hopkins University after 1982, he also served as president of Associated Universities, Inc. from 1999 on. One of the founders of x-ray astronomy, Riccardo Giacconi was the leader of the teams that detected the first cosmic x-ray source, made the first x-ray image of the sun, and developed and operated the early UHURU x-ray satellite and the Einstein x-ray telescope. He played a major role in the early definition of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. As the first director of the Space Telescope Science Institute, as director of the European Southern Observatory, and throughout his career, he made outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy and was a forceful spokesman for international science. Dr. Giacconi was the recipient of the Helen B. Warner Award of the American Astronomical Society; the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute; the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific; the Dannie Heineman Prize of Astrophysics from the American Astronomical Society and the American Institute of Physics; the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society; and the Wolf Prize in Physics. He received the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics and the National Medal of Science in 2005. Dr. Giacconi was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, l'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, and the Royal Astronomical Society. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. Riccardo Giacconi died on December 9, 2018 in La Jolla, California at the age of 87.

1408	Name:	Dr. A. Barlett Giamatti
	Institution:	National League
	Year Elected:	1982
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1938
	Death Date:	9/1/89

1409	Name:	William F. Giauque
	Year Elected:	1940
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1895
	Death Date:	3/26/82 [3/26?]

1410	Name:	Sir Hamilton Gibb
	Year Elected:	1960
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1895
	Death Date:	10/22/71

1411	Name:	Dr. Allan Gibbard
	Institution:	University of Michigan
	Year Elected:	2005
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1942

	Allan Gibbard is Richard B. Brandt Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is the author of Wise Choices, Apt Feelings (1990), Thinking How to Live (2003), and Reconciling Our Aims (2008), as well as articles on ethical theory, theory of social choice, and topics in decision theory, philosophy of language, epistemology, and metaphysics. His papers include \"Manipulation of Voting Schemes\" (1973); \"Contingent Identity\" (1975); \"Two Recent Theories of Conditionals\" (1981); \"Meaning and Normativity\" (1994); and \"Rational Credence and the Value of Truth” (2008)\". He earned a B.A. in mathematics from Swarthmore College in 1963 and a Ph.D. in philosophy at Harvard University in 1971. He taught mathematics and physics at Achimota School in Ghana in the U.S. Peace Corps and has taught philosophy at the University of Chicago, the University of Pittsburgh, and, since 1977, at the University of Michigan. He has held research fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the American Council of Learned Societies. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a Member of the American Philosophical Society, a Membre Titulaire of the Institut International de Philosophie, and has been President of the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association. He is working on a book on the philosopical claim that the concepts of meaning and of mental content are normative concepts.

1412	Name:	Dr. John H. Gibbons
	Institution:	United States
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	July 17, 2015

	John H. Gibbons served with distinction as an experimental physicist and expert in energy supply and conservation and environmental technology development. In 1973, at the start of the nation's first major energy crisis, he was appointed first director of the Federal Office of Energy Conservation. He returned to Washington in 1979 to direct the U.S. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, and from 1993-1998 he served in the Clinton-Gore Administration as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Dr. Gibbons received a Ph.D. (physics) from Duke University (1954) and six honorary doctorates. He received Distinguished Service Awards from both NASA (1997, 1998) and the National Science Foundation (1998). He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for Advancement of Science. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. John H. Gibbons died July 17, 2015, at the age of 86, in Virginia.

1413	Name:	George Gibbs
	Year Elected:	1810
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	8/5/1833

1414	Name:	Oliver Wolcott Gibbs
	Year Elected:	1854
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	12/9/1908

1415	Name:	Josiah Willard Gibbs
	Year Elected:	1895
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1839
	Death Date:	4/28/1903

1416	Name:	William F. Gibbs
	Year Elected:	1955
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1886
	Death Date:	9/6/1967

1417	Name:	John Gibson
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	11/19/1729
	Death Date:	4/3/1782

	John Gibson (19 November 1729–3 April 1782) was a merchant and a public officeholder, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born in Virginia, his parents sent a youthful Gibson to Philadelphia, where he eventually worked under successful merchants William Allen and Joseph Turner. By 1761, after almost a decade of experience trading in the West Indians, Gibson began his own trading ventures in European and East Indian goods. As Gibson’s business grew, he ran his shop at a series of locations throughout the city and expanded his property and land holdings into Lancaster County, PA and Accomac County, VA. With his market acumen and rising social status, Gibson served in a series of public offices: Philadelphia’s Common Council in 1762, alderman in 1767, and finally as mayor in 1771 and 1772. By the time of the American Revolution, Gibson had already established himself as a leading figure in the struggle for independence, particular in matters that related to finance. He signed the Non-Importation Agreements of 1765 and 1769 and was elected auditor general by the Continental Congress in 1776 and reelected in 1778. In 1779 when Congress created the Board of Treasury, Gibson was elected as a commissioner to disburse funds. Following the war, he proved more moderate in his political stances, opposing the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. In the midst of making plans to recover from the financial stresses that followed the war, Gibson died in Philadelphia. Apart from business and politics, he was active in a number of Philadelphia institutions including St. Andrew’s Society, the Pennsylvania Hospital, and APS’s Silk Society. (PI)

1418	Name:	James Gibson
	Year Elected:	1807
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	7/8/1856

1419	Name:	William Gibson
	Year Elected:	1820
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	3/2/1868

1420	Name:	John B. Gibson
	Year Elected:	1821
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	5/3/1853

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