APS Member History

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1381	Name:	Thomas Sovereign Gates
	Year Elected:	1959
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1906
	Death Date:	3/26/83

1382	Name:	Dr. Henry Louis Gates
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1995
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1950

	Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University. Emmy and Peabody Award-winning filmmaker, literary scholar, journalist, cultural critic, and institution builder, Professor Gates has published numerous books and produced and hosted an array of documentary films. The Black Church (PBS) and Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches (HBO), which he executive produced, each received Emmy nominations. His latest history series for PBS is Making Black America: Through the Grapevine. Finding Your Roots, Gates’s groundbreaking genealogy and genetics series, has completed its ninth season on PBS and will return for a tenth season in 2024. Gates is a recipient of a number of honorary degrees, including his alma mater, the University of Cambridge. Gates was a member of the first class awarded “genius grants” by the MacArthur Foundation in 1981, and in 1998 he became the first African American scholar to be awarded the National Humanities Medal. A native of Piedmont, West Virginia, Gates earned his B.A. in History, summa cum laude, from Yale University in 1973, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in English Literature from Clare College at Cambridge in 1979, where he is also an Honorary Fellow. A former chair of the Pulitzer Prize board, he is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and serves on a wide array of boards, including the New York Public Library, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the Aspen Institute, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Library of America, and The Studio Museum of Harlem. In 2011, his portrait, by Yuqi Wang, was hung in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1995.

1383	Name:	Dr. S. James Gates
	Institution:	University of Maryland
	Year Elected:	2012
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1950

	Sylvester James (Jim) Gates, Jr., is College Park Professor emeritus at the University of Maryland and emeritus director of its Center for String and Particle Theory. Known for his work on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory, Dr. Gates uses mathematical models to explore the elementary particles and fundamental forces of nature. Dr. Gates completed both his undergraduate and graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning two bachelor’s degrees (in mathematics and physics) in 1973 and a Ph.D. in physics (foocused on elementary particle physics and quantum field theory) in 1977. His doctoral thesis was the first thesis at MIT to deal with supersymmetry, a topic that has dominated theoretical physics since that time. Before joining the faculty of the University of Maryland in 1984, Dr. Gates held postdoctoral appointments as a Harvard University Society of Fellows Junior Fellow and as a Research Fellow at the California Institute of Technology. He currently serves as a member of the Maryland State Board of Education and the U. S. President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. In 1984, working with M. T. Grisaru, M. Rocek, and W. Siegel, Dr. Gates co-authored Superspace, the first comprehensive book on the topic of supersymmetry. He has published more than two hundred research papers. Some of his research in physics has led to the creation of surprising new results in the field of mathematics, including complex manifolds, network theory, and representation theory. International aspects of his career includes appointments as a Fellow of the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Studies (South Africa), Professor-at-large at the University of Western Australia (Australia), and a Distinguished Research Chair of the Perimeter Institute (Canada), and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (United Kingdom). He authored the 2006 Italian book L’arte della fisica, published in Rome, and popular-level discussion entitled ‘‘Symbols of Power,’’ published in the British journal Physics World. "Symbols of Power" describes research begun in 2004 on Adinkras, a new concept that links computer codes like those used in browsers to the supersymmetric equations of fundamental physics. During his career, Dr. Gates has received a number of honors for his teaching, including the 1999 College Science Teacher of the Year from the Washington Academy of Sciences, the 2002 Distinguished Scholar-Teacher from the University of Maryland, and the 2003 Klopsteg Award from the American Association of Physics Teachers. In 2006, the American Association for the Advancement of Science honored him with the Public Understanding of Science Award. He won the National Medal of Science in 2012. Dr. Gates is a member of the board of trustees of Society for Science & the Public and of the board of advisors for the Department of Energy's Fermi National Laboratory. He was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011. In 2018 the American Physical Society elected him to its presidential line. He will serve as vice president of the American Physical Society in 2019, president-elect in 2020, and president in 2021. He has been featured extensively in many science documentaries on physics, most notably The Elegant Universe in 2003. In 2006, he completed a DVD lecture series titled Superstring Theory: The DNA of Reality for The Teaching Company to make the complexities of unification theory comprehensible to laypeople. During the 2008 World Science Festival, Dr. Gates narrated a ballet, The Elegant Universe, with an on-line resource presentation of the art forms (called Adinkras) connected to his scientific research. The NOVA/PBS fall 2011 presentation of the science documentary The Fabric of the Cosmos prominently features Dr. Gates.

1384	Name:	Albert S. Gatschet
	Year Elected:	1884
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1833
	Death Date:	3/16/1907

1385	Name:	George Gauld
	Year Elected:	1774
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1386	Name:	Peter Le Gaux
	Year Elected:	1789
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1387	Name:	Dr. Atul Gawande
	Institution:	Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital
	Year Elected:	2012
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1965

	Atul Gawande is currently an Associate Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School, an Associate Professor of Health Policy and Management at Harvard University School of Public Health and General and Endocrine Surgeon at Brigham and Women's Hospital. On November 9, 2020 he was named a member of President-elect Joe Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board. Born in New York, he received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1995. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2006 and has authored Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science (2002), Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance (2007), The Checklist Manifesto (2010), and Being Mortal (2014). He is a member of the Institute of Medicine (2011). Atul Gawande combines the talents of a surgeon and a splendid writer whose mission is to make hospitals in general and surgery in particular safer and more cost effective in the United States and around the globe. His training in medicine and public health and his current work in teaching, research, and the practice of surgery at one of America's most respected hospitals provide him with practically unique qualifications to affect policies and procedures in hospital settings through his writings. As a staff writer for The New Yorker, he contributes essays that garner national attention and his first book has been published in more than a hundred countries. His research, which has resulted in numerous publications in the medical journals, focuses on surgical technique, medical care for combat wounds, and medical errors. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.

1388	Name:	Edwin Francis Gay
	Year Elected:	1932
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1868
	Death Date:	2/8/1946

1389	Name:	Dr. Peter Gay
	Institution:	Center for Scholars and Writers, New York Public Library & Yale University
	Year Elected:	1987
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1923
	Death Date:	May 12, 2015

	Peter Gay was born Peter Joachim Fröhlich in Berlin in 1923. After witnessing Kristallnacht, he fled Nazi Germany in 1939 and arrived in the United States in 1941. After earning his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University, Dr. Gay became a political science professor and history professor at Columbia. In 1969 he moved to Yale University, where he taught until his retirement in 1993 and became Sterling Professor Emeritus of History. Dr. Gay's richness and range of historical interests are suggested in his many publications, from Voltaire's Politics (1959) to Weimar Culture (1968) to the five-volume The Bourgeois Experience (1984-98). A leading champion of psychoanalytic history, Dr. Gay also examined the impact of Freudian ideas on German culture in Freud, Jews and Other Germans (1978). His last work was Modernism: The Lure of Heresy from Baudelaire to Beckett and Beyond (2007). A leading historian of the social history of ideas, Dr. Gay was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and received the National Book Award, Melchor Book Award, and Ralph Waldo Emerson Award, among other honors. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1987. Peter Gay died May 12, 2015, at the age of 91 at his home in Manhattan.

1390	Name:	E. Geddings
	Year Elected:	1848
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	10/9/1878

1391	Name:	Dr. Clifford Geertz
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study
	Year Elected:	1972
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	403. Cultural Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	October 30, 2006

1392	Name:	Ignace J. Gelb
	Year Elected:	1975
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	12/22/1985

1393	Name:	Dr. Murray Gell-Mann
	Institution:	Santa Fe Institute & California Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	May 24, 2019

	Murray Gell-Mann received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1969 for his work on the theory of elementary particles. Professor Gell-Mann's "eightfold way" theory brought order to the chaos created by the discovery of some 100 particles in the atom's nucleus, then he found that all of those particles, including the neutron and proton, are composed of fundamental building blocks that he named "quarks." The quarks are permanently confined by forces coming from the exchange of "gluons." He and others later constructed the quantum field theory of quarks and gluons, called "quantum chromodynamics," which seems to account for all the nuclear particles and their strong interactions. Besides being a Nobel laureate, Professor Gell-Mann received the Ernest O. Lawrence Memorial Award of the Atomic Energy Commission, the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute, the Research Corporation Award, and the John J. Carty medal of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Gell-Mann was awarded the Albert Einstein Medal in 2005. In 1988 he was listed on the United Nations Environmental Program Roll of Honor for Environmental Achievement (the Global 500). Professor Gell-Mann was the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, where he taught from 1955 until 1993. He was a director of the J.D. and C.T. MacArthur Foundation from 1979-2002. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Gell-Mann served on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society, was a Citizen Regent of the Smithsonian (1974-88), served on the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (1994-2001), and was a member of the Board of Directors of Encyclopedia Brittanica. Although he was a theoretical physicist, Professor Gell-Mann's interests extended to many other subjects, including natural history, historical linguistics, archaeology, history, depth psychology, and creative thinking, all subjects connected with biological evolution, cultural evolution, and learning and thinking. He felt deep concern about policy matters related to world environmental quality (including conservation of biological diversity), restraint in population growth, sustainable economic development, and stability of the world political system. His later research at the Santa Fe Institute focused on the subject of complex adaptive systems, which brings all these areas of study together. He was also interested in how knowledge and understanding are to be extracted from the welter of "information" that can now be transmitted and stored as a result of the digital revolution. He was author of the popular science book The Quark and the Jaguar, Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. Murray Gell-Mann died May 24, 2019 in Santa Fe, New Mexico at the age of 89.

1394	Name:	Dr. Walter Gellhorn
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1965
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1906
	Death Date:	12/9/95

1395	Name:	Fredrick A. Genth
	Year Elected:	1854
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1855
	Death Date:	9/2/1910

1396	Name:	Fredrick A. Genth
	Year Elected:	1886
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	2/2/1893

1397	Name:	Sidney George
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	2/4/1727
	Death Date:	1774

	Sidney George (4 February 1727–April 1774) was a prominent lawyer, landowner, and public officeholder, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election to the American Society. Born in Cecil County, Maryland, he followed his father into the legal profession and then inherited the family’s plantation, “Little Bohemia.” In 1751 he was elected to the Maryland Assembly. During his three years in office, he sent commissioners to the Albany Congress and voted for a bill preventing planters from emancipating disabled and elderly slaves. His great-grandson Sidney George Fisher was an APS member. (PI)

1398	Name:	Dr. Alexander L. George
	Institution:	Stanford University
	Year Elected:	2000
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	August 16, 2006

1399	Name:	George L. Anderson
	Year Elected:	1886
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1400	Name:	George W. Anderson
	Year Elected:	1869
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

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