APS Member History

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1321	Name:	Dr. Paul Freedman
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	2011
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1949

	Paul Freedman is Chester D. Tripp Professor of History at Yale and was chair of the Department from 2004 to 2007. In 2010-2011 he was acting chair. His field is medieval Europe and he has written on Spain, the church, peasants and most recently on food and luxury products in the Middle Ages. Freedman has taught in the freshman Directed Studies (Great Books) program at Yale and offered courses in the Humanities Department. His History Department courses include lectures on the Middle Ages, a course on the history of food and cuisine, and seminars and a number of topics from the Crusades to the European ideas about Asia and Africa. Graduating from the Santa Cruz campus of the University of California, Freedman received his Ph.D. from Berkeley in 1978. He taught at Vanderbilt University from 1979 until 1997 when he came to Yale. He has received research fellowships from the Cullman Center of the New York Public Library, the Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the National Endowment for the Humanities as well as from government cultural agencies in Spain, France and Germany. Freedman is the author of several books on medieval Spain, including The Diocese of Vic (1983) and The Origins of Peasant Servitude in Medieval Catalonia (1992). In 1999 he published Images of the Medieval Peasant which deals with Europe generally and how the vast majority of medieval society were depicted in literature, art and sermons. Yale University Press in 2008 published Freedman’s book Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination which considers why spices were so popular in the Middle Ages as to become major items of trade and the stimulus to exploration of Asia and the New World. In 2007 Freedman edited Food: The History of Taste, a book about cuisine from prehistoric hunter-gathers until the present-day trends. His recent books include American Cuisine and How It Got That Way (2019).

1322	Name:	Douglass Southall Freeman
	Year Elected:	1943
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1886
	Death Date:	6/13/1953

1323	Name:	Dr. Paul A. Freund
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1966
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1908
	Death Date:	2/5/92

1324	Name:	George Friebis
	Year Elected:	1889
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	1/26/1912

1325	Name:	Dr. Michael Fried
	Institution:	Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1939

	Michael Fried received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1969 and continued at Harvard as assistant and associate professor of fine arts. In 1975 he joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University and is currently the J.R. Herbert Boone Professor of Humanities. Michael Fried has combined pioneering work in the history of art with groundbreaking art criticism. He is also a poet. His early criticism of the work of Jules Olitski, Frank Stella, and Anthony Caro, among others, helped to define modernist art of the 1960s in ways that are still influential. His Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot revolutionized the study of 18th century French art. Through close, extensive analysis of both paintings and literary and dramatic texts, Dr. Fried came to a new understanding of the painting as tableau, and of the role of the beholder, thereby changing an entire field of inquiry. There followed a series of closely argued monographs around the theme of realism, which were devoted to the work of Courbet, Eakins, and Manet. Dr. Fried's sustained critical thinking about realism has now extended to German 19th century painting with the publication of his book on Adolf Menzel. Dr. Fried's A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts at the National Gallery of Art on the subject of Caravaggio inspired both the scholarly audience and the more general public. Today, he is one of a handful of historians working successfully across national and chronological boundaries. Michael Fried is the author of Morris Louis (1971); Powers (poems, 1973); Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot (1980, awarded 1980 Gottschalk Prize); Realism, Writing, Disfiguration: On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane (1987, awarded 1990 Charles C. Eldredge Prize); Courbet's Realism (1993); To the Center of the Earth (poems, 1994); Manet's Modernism or The Face of Painting in the 1860s (1996); Art and Objecthood: Essays and Reviews (1998); Menzel's Realism: Art and Embodiment in Nineteenth-Century Berlin (2002); The Next Bend in the Road (poems, 2004); and Why Photography Matters as Art as Never Before (2008). He was awarded the 2000 Prix Littéraire Etats-Unis/France, given to a book that contributes to mutual understanding between the two cultures. In 2004 he received a Mellon Distinguished Achievement Award. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003.

1326	Name:	Mr. Lee Friedlander
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	501. Creative Artists
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1934

	Photographer Lee Friedlander studied with Edward Kaminski at the Art Center, Los Angeles, from 1953-55 before settling in New York, where he began photographing jazz musicians. Eugène Atget, Walker Evans and Robert Frank were among his early influences. His discovery of the work of E. J. Bellocq led to an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in 1970. His first one-man show was held in 1963 at the International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House in Rochester, N.Y. Friedlander's fascination with reflections in glass that suggest multiple layers in depth received increased attention in the 1960s. His critical eye, which began photographing the U.S. social landscape in the 1960s, produced the first of many volumes, Newark, New Jersey, in 1962. He then developed affinities with Jim Dine and Pop art that resulted in their Works from the Same House. Urban life became more prominent in Friedlander's work in the 1970s (Albuquerque, 1972), which led to The American Monument (1976) devoted to public monuments. In the 1980s he photographed industrial areas in the Ohio valley (Factory Valleys: Ohio and Pennsylvania, 1982) and furthered a continuing interest in nature with Flowers and Trees (1981) and Cherry Blossom Time in Japan (1986). Friedlander received Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Grants in 1960, 1962 and 1977; a MacArthur Foundation Award in 1990; a Chevalier des Arts et Lettres from France in 1999; and a Skowhegan Medal in Photography in 2000. A recent exhibition, "Lee Friedlander: A Ramble in Olmsted Parks", appeared at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2008, and "America by Car" was both published and exhibited at the Whitney Museum of Art in 2010. In 2014 he published Family in the Picture: 1958-2013.

1327	Name:	Dr. Milton Friedman
	Institution:	University of Chicago & Hoover Institution
	Year Elected:	1957
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1912
	Death Date:	November 16, 2006

1328	Name:	Dr. Herbert Friedman
	Institution:	Naval Research Lab
	Year Elected:	1964
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	September 9, 2000

1329	Name:	Dr. Jerome I. Friedman
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	2002
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1930

	Jerome I. Friedman received a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1956. He was a research associate in physics at the University of Chicago and Stanford University before joining the faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1960, where he served as Institute Professor and Professor of Physics. He has also served as the director of MIT's Laboratory of Nuclear Science and head of the physics department. Jerome Friedman, along with Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1990 for pioneering investigations of the inelastic scattering of electrons from protons. The experiments they performed provided the first evidence for the existence of quarks and the fact that their spin is one-half. Earlier, Friedman and Kendall had, independently, written computer programs which enabled this information to be extracted from the data, a problem with great technical complications, a real tour de force. Dr. Friedman is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2002.

1330	Name:	Mr. Thomas L. Friedman
	Institution:	The New York Times
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1953

	For 20 years, sophisticated readers have turned to Thomas Friedman's reporting and commentary for guidance on major world events. As foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times since 1995, he has won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for international reporting (from Lebanon, 1983, and from Israel, 1988) and one for distinguished commentary, the latter of which, in 2002, commended his "clarity of vision based on extensive reporting." His From Beirut to Jerusalem has become a standard text on the Middle East. Mr. Friedman earned an M.A. in Modern Middle East Studies from Oxford University (1978) and has been a foreign correspondent and bureau chief in Beirut (1979-81, 1982-84) for United Press International and Jerusalem bureau chief (1984-88) and chief White House correspondent (1992-94) for The New York Times, among other positions. His most recent books are Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution - and How It Can Renew America (2008) and That Used to Be Us: How America Fell Behind in the World It Invented and How We Can Come Back (2011).

1331	Name:	Mr. Jon R. Friedman
	Year Elected:	2016
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	501. Creative Artists
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	Jon R. Friedman’s portraits, landscape paintings, and sculptures have been shown in exhibitions throughout the United States. His portrait work is represented in numerous public and institutional collections here and abroad, including the National Portrait Gallery, the U.S. House of Representatives where his portraits of Barney Frank, Henry Waxman, Louise Slaughter and Dalip Singh Saund are on permanent display, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, the American Philosophical Society, the Carnegie Institute of Washington, the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal Society in Great Britain, the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; the California Institute of Technology; the University of Pennsylvania, New York University, BrandeisUniversity, Wesleyan University, and the U.S. Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, and the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. In 2008 Friedman was commissioned by the National Portrait Gallery to paint a double portrait of Bill and Melinda Gates. In 2014 the museum added his portrait of Ted Turner to its collection. In addition to these works on canvas, over the past decade, the museum has acquired twelve of Friedman’s preliminary studies for various public commissions. In 2013 Michael Bloomberg commissioned Friedman to paint his portrait for the NYC City Hall Portrait Collection. Friedman grew up in Arlington, Virginia. He received a BA in philosophy from Princeton University and an MFA from Cranbrook Academy in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He also studied at the Corcoran Museum School and the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture. He lives with his wife, the writer Joanne Barkan, in New York City and Truro, Massachusetts. Friedman’s father, Herbert Friedman, a renowned astrophysicist and pioneering rocket astronomer, who passed away in 2000, was a long time member of the American Philosophical Society.

1332	Name:	Dr. Edward A. Frieman
	Institution:	Scripps Institute of Oceanography & University of California, San Diego
	Year Elected:	1990
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	April 11, 2013

	Edward Frieman made equally outstanding contributions to science and public service. A plasma physicist with research interests that extend into other physical science fields, Dr. Frieman is best known for his contributions to stability problems in plasma flow and to the fundamental properties of turbulence flow. His experience in plasma dynamics also permitted an easy transition to the oceanographic questions posed by stratified rotating fluids. A professor at Princeton University for more than 25 years, Dr. Frieman was also employed in the private sector and by the federal government. He had served as Assistant Secretary of the Department of Energy, on the White House Science Council, and on a number of United States Navy boards. He was appointed director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego in 1986 and became Research Professor and Director Emeritus in 1996. He had also been Senior Vice President, Science/Technology at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). Among Dr. Frieman's many honors are the Department of Energy Distinguished Service Medal (1980) and the Richtmyer Award from the American Physical Society (1984). He was a Fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Astronomical Society, Sigma Xi, and the New York Academy of Sciences. He earned his master's degree in physics in 1948 and his doctoral degree in physics in 1952 from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, New York. Edward A. Frieman died on April 11, 2013, in La Jolla, California, at the age of 87.

1333	Name:	Albert Mathias Friend
	Year Elected:	1952
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1894
	Death Date:	3/23/1956

1334	Name:	Dr. Bruce W. Frier
	Institution:	University of Michigan Law School
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	Bruce Frier is the leading scholar of Roman law in the U.S. today. In a fashion unique among Roman historians, he combines deep traditional philological skills with command of a wide array of methods from the social sciences. His innovative studies have shown how legal developments served the interests of a broad spectrum of propertied Romans and how law became a profession for the first time in history. His casebook on delicts has educated a generation of American students. The foremost demographer of antiquity in this country and the first to bring sophisticated quantitative methods to this subject, Dr. Frier has been a professor of classics at the University of Michigan since 1983.

1335	Name:	Henry S. Frieze
	Year Elected:	1884
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1817
	Death Date:	12/7/1889

1336	Name:	Edwin Brant Frost
	Year Elected:	1909
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	5/12/1935

1337	Name:	Robert Frost
	Year Elected:	1937
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1875
	Death Date:	1/29/1963

1338	Name:	Dr. Joseph S. Fruton
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1967
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1912
	Death Date:	July 29, 2007

1339	Name:	Mr. John A. Fry
	Institution:	Drexel University
	Year Elected:	2024
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1961

	After becoming Drexel University’s 14th president in 2010, John Fry set out to transform Drexel into a comprehensive research university with a strong public purpose - an institution that harnesses its strengths in cooperative education, translational research, online education, entrepreneurship and urban extension to serve its students, neighborhood, the city and nation. Under Fry, Drexel has helped lead the continuous revitalization of West Philadelphia, spearheading the designation of this area as a federal Promise Zone, initiating both Schuylkill Yards, a 14-acre innovation district at 30th Street Station, and uCity Square, anchored by a Drexel University-assisted K-8 public school and soon to be relocated colleges of Nursing and Health Professions and Medicine. In addition to leading Drexel, Fry has served as chair of the Chamber of Commerce for Greater Philadelphia and is a member of the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, the Philadelphia Orchestra Association, The Kresge Foundation, his alma mater, Lafayette College, and the Advanced Functional Fabrics of America.

1340	Name:	Dr. Roland M. Frye
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1975
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	January 13, 2005

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