APS Member History

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1021	Name:	James Douglas
	Year Elected:	1877
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1837
	Death Date:	6/25/18

1022	Name:	Lewis W. Douglas
	Year Elected:	1942
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1894
	Death Date:	3/7/74

1023	Name:	Paul H. Douglas
	Year Elected:	1952
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1892
	Death Date:	9/24/76

1024	Name:	Andrew E. Douglass
	Year Elected:	1941
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1867
	Death Date:	3/20/62

1025	Name:	Professor Rita Dove
	Institution:	University of Virginia
	Year Elected:	1996
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	501. Creative Artists
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1952

	Rita Dove served as the Poet Laureate of the United States and Consultant to the Library of Congress from 1993-95. She has received numerous literary and academic honors, among them the 1987 Pulitzer Prize in Poetry, the 2008 Library of Virginia Lifetime Achievement Award, the 2006 Common Wealth Prize, the 2003 Emily Couric Leadership Award, the 2001 Duke Ellington Lifetime Achievement Award, the 1996 National Humanities Medal, and Oregon State University's 2016 Stone Award for Lifetime Literary Achievement. She was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 2012 and Harvard's W.E.B. Du Bois medal in 2019. Born in Akron, Ohio in 1952, Ms. Dove received her B.A. summa cum laude from Miami University of Ohio and her M.F.A. from the University of Iowa. She also held a Fulbright scholarship at the Universität Tübingen in Germany. She has published the poetry collections The Yellow House on the Corner (1980), Museum (1983), Thomas and Beulah (1986), Grace Notes (1989), Selected Poems (1993), Mother Love (1995), On the Bus with Rosa Parks (1999), American Smooth (2006), Sonata Mulattica (2009), a book of short stories, Fifth Sunday (1985), the novel Through the Ivory Gate (1992) essays under the title The Poet's World (1995), and Collected Poems: 1974-2004 (2016). Ms. Dove is also the author of the play The Darker Face of the Earth, which had its world premiere in 1996 at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival and was subsequently produced at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., the Royal National Theatre in London and other theatres. Seven for Luck, a song cycle for soprano and orchestra with music by John Williams, was premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood in 1998. For "America's Millennium", the White House's 1999/2000 New Year's celebration, Ms. Dove contributed, in a live reading at the Lincoln Memorial accompanied by John Williams's music, a poem to Steven Spielberg's documentary The Unfinished Journey. As a player of the viola de gamba, Ms. Dove is fond of incorporating music into her poetry. She is currently Commonwealth Professor of English at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. In 2018 she became Poetry Editor at the New York Times Magazine, introducing the readership to a new poem each week.

1026	Name:	Dr. John W. Dower
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	John Dower has been Ford International Professor of History at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology since 2003. He holds a Ph.D. from Harvard University and has also taught at the University of Wisconsin and the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Dower has achieved remarkable success in four areas: academic writing on modern Japanese history; writing for popular audiences; curriculum development; and public spokesman on current affairs related to East Asian and United States security policies. His books have won the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, the Bancroft Prize, and the National Book Critics Circle Award. They include Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878-1954 (1979); War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War (1986); and Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II (1999). In over 15 years at MIT, Dr. Dower has shaped the institute's history curriculum and has taught popular courses on Japanese history and World War II.

1027	Name:	Dr. John E. Dowling
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	208. Plant Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1935

	John E. Dowling received his A.B. and Ph.D. from Harvard University. He taught in the Biology Department at Harvard from 1961 to 1964, first as an Instructor, then as Assistant Professor. In 1964 he moved to Johns Hopkins University, where he held an appointment as Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Biophysics. He returned to Harvard as Professor of Biology in 1971, was the Maria Moors Cabot Professor of Natural Sciences from 1971-2001, Harvard College Professor from 1999-2004 and is presently the Gordon and Llura Gund Professor of Neurosciences. He was Chairman of the Biology Department at Harvard from 1975 to 1978 and served as Associate Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences from 1980 to 1984. He was Master of Leverett House at Harvard from 1981-1998 and served as President of the Corporation of The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole from 1998-2008. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society. He received the Friedenwald Medal from the Association of Research in Ophthalmology and Vision in 1970, the Annual Award of the New England Ophthalmological Society in 1979, the Retinal Research Foundation Award for Retinal Research in 1981, an Alcon Vision Research Recognition Award in 1986, a National Eye Institute’s MERIT award in 1987, the Von Sallman Prize in 1992, The Helen Keller Prize for Vision Research in 2000, the Llura Ligget Gund Award for Lifetime Achievement and Recognition of Contribution to the Foundation Fighting Blindness in 2001 and the Paul Kayser International Award in Retina Research in 2008.. He was granted an honorary M.D. degree by the University of Lund (Sweden) in 1982. His research interests have focused on the vertebrate retina as a model piece of the brain. He and his collaborators have long been interested in the functional organization of the retina, studying its synaptic organization, the electrical responses of the retinal neurons, and the mechanisms underlying neurotransmission and neuromodulation in the retina. He became interested in zebrafish as a system in which one could explore the development and genetics of the vertebrate retina about 15 years ago. Part of his research team has focused on retinal development in zebrafish and the role of retinoic acid in early eye and photoreceptor development. A second group has developed behavioral tests to isolate mutations, both recessive and dominant, specific to the visual system.

1028	Name:	John Downes
	Year Elected:	1843
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1796
	Death Date:	9/29/1882

1029	Name:	Dr. Michael W. Doyle
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	2009
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1948

	Michael W. Doyle is a University Professor of Columbia University and Director of the Columbia Global Policy Initiative. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, he was educated in France and Switzerland and received his high school diploma from Jesuit High School, Tampa, Florida. He studied at the U.S. Air Force Academy for two years (and also qualified as a parachutist at Fort Benning) before transferring to Harvard University, where he earned his A.B., M.A. and Ph.D. (in Political Science in 1977). As an undergraduate he won the Detur Prize and was named John Harvard Scholar. As a graduate student, he held the Atherton Prize Fellowship and a Resident Tutorship in Government in Leverett House. He completed his military service in the Massachusetts Air National Guard. Professor Doyle previously has taught at the University of Warwick (United Kingdom), Johns Hopkins University, Princeton University and Yale Law School. His authored books include: (with Fred Hirsch and Edward Morse) Alternatives to Monetary Disorder (1977); Empires (1986); UN Peacekeeping in Cambodia: UNTAC's Civil Mandate (1995); Ways of War and Peace (1996); (with Nicholas Sambanis) Making War and Building Peace (2006); Striking First: Preemption and Prevention in International Conflict (2008); and The Question of Intervention (2015). He has also edited several publications, including (with Ian Johnstone and Robert Orr) Keeping the Peace: Multidimensional UN Operations in Cambodia and El Salvador (1997); (with John Ikenberry) New Thinking in International Relations Theory (1997); (with Olaru Otunnu) Peacemaking and Peacekeeping for the New Century (1998); and (with Jean-Marc Coicaud and Anne-Marie Gardner) The Globalization of Human Rights (2003). He has also published numerous articles, chapters in books and occasional essays including "Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs: Parts I and II," in Philosophy and Public Affairs. He delivered the Tanner Lectures on "Anticipatory Self-Defense" at Princeton University, November 8-9, 2006. He directed the Center of International Studies at Princeton University and chaired the Editorial Board and the Committee of Editors of World Politics. He was the vice-president and senior fellow of the International Peace Academy and is now a member of its board of directors. He has also served as a member of the External Research Advisory Committee of the UNHCR and the Advisory Committee of the Lessons-Learned Unit of the Department of Peace-Keeping Operations (UN). He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, New York. In 2001, he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. In 2001-2003, he served as Assistant Secretary-General and Special Adviser to United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan. His responsibilities in the Secretary-General’s Executive Office included strategic planning (the "Millennium Development Goals"), outreach to the international corporate sector (the "Global Compact") and relations with Washington. He is the former chair of the Academic Council of the United Nations System. From 2006 to 2013 he was an individual member and the chair of the UN Democracy Fund, elected by the members and appointed by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. Michael Doyle is married to Amy Gutmann. They have a daughter and son-in-law and live in Philadelphia and New York.

1030	Name:	Dr. Andrew F. Brimmer
	Institution:	Brimmer & Co. Inc.
	Year Elected:	1976
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	October 7, 2012

	Noted economist, academic and business leader Andrew F. Brimmer was born in Newellton, Louisiana in 1926, the son of sharecroppers who had been driven off of the land by boll weevils. Upon graduation from a segregated high school, he moved to Bremerton, Washington with an older sister and worked in a navy yard as an electrician's helper. In 1945 he was drafted into the Army, and after completing his military service in 1946, enrolled at the University of Washington, earning a B.A. in economics in 1950. In 1951 he received his M.A. and won a Fulbright grant to study in India. He subsequently earned a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1957 and went to work for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as an economist. During that same time, he traveled to Khartoum, Sudan, to help the country establish a central bank. During the Kennedy administration, Dr. Brimmer became assistant secretary of economic affairs in the U.S. Department of Commerce, serving until 1966. That same year he began an eight-and-a-half year term on the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. While there, he became the first African American governor of the Federal Reserve. In 1974 he left to take a post at Harvard University, where he stayed for two years. When he left, he formed his own consulting company, Brimmer & Co. In 1997, he began serving on the Federal Reserve and in 1999 became vice chairman. Dr. Brimmer was elected to the Washington Academy of Sciences in 1991, largely as a result of his published works on the nature and importance of central banking systems. He served as vice president of the American Economic Association and president of the Eastern Economics Association. He was president of the North American Economics and Finance Association and served on a number of other corporate boards of directors. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1976. Andrew F. Brimmer died October 7, 2012, at the age of 86 in Washington D.C.

1031	Name:	Dr. Andrew J. Wiles
	Institution:	University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1953

	Andrew Wiles is currently Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University. He was a professor at Princeton from 1994 to 2011. Dr. Wiles has made major breakthroughs in the study of rational elliptic curves associated with modular forms and is most famous for proving Fermat's Last Theorem, which for 350 years stood as a "Mount Everest" of mathematics. He was introduced to the theorem at age ten and tried to prove it during his youth before stopping to study elliptic curves during his graduate studies. He eventually dedicated eight years to the proof, announcing a solution on June 23, 1993 at the conclusion of a lecture at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge, England. When mathematicians raised questions about his proof, Dr. Wiles himself noticed a flaw, which sent him back to work for nearly a year. In October 1994, he unveiled his revised proof, which has been confirmed by experts in the field. For his efforts, Dr. Wiles has received, among other awards, the Schock Prize (1995), the Cole Prize (1996), the Royal Medal (1996), the Wolf Prize (1996), the Clay Research Award (1999) and a silver plaque from the International Mathematics Union recognizing his achievements. He earned his BA degree from Merton College, Oxford University in 1974 and his Ph.D. from Clare College, Cambridge University in 1980. In 2000 he was named a Knight of the British Empire.

1032	Name:	Dr. Andrew H. Knoll
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1951

	Andrew Knoll is Fisher Professor of Natural History and Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University and Curator of the Paleobotanical Collections in the Harvard University Herbaria. A world leader in paleobiology, he has served on the Harvard faculty since 1982. Distinguished by his pioneering investigations of global conditions in the early evolution of life, Dr. Knoll has used biological, geological and chemical information to interpret the evolution of unicellular and multicellular organisms, from the most primitive life forms to the origin of metazoa and higher plants. He has used the same approach to explain mass extinctions in the Permian. Dr. Knoll's many honors include the Walcott Medal (1987) and the Mary Clark Thompson Medal (2012) of the National Academy of Sciences, the Phil Beta Kappa Book Award in Science (2003), the Moore Medal of the Society for Sedimentary Geology (2005), the Paleontological Society Medal (2005), the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London (2007), and membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1977.

1033	Name:	Dr. Andrea Mia Ghez
	Institution:	University of California, Los Angeles
	Year Elected:	2012
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1965

	Andrea M. Ghez, distinguished professor of Physics & Astronomy and head of UCLA's Galactic Center Group, is a world-leading expert in observational astrophysics. She earned her B.S. in Physics from MIT in 1987 and her Ph.D. from Caltech in 1992, and has been on the faculty at UCLA since 1994. She has used the Keck telescopes to demonstrate the existence of a supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, with a mass 4 million times that of our sun. This is the best evidence yet that these exotic objects really do exist, and provides us with a wonderful opportunity to study the fundamental laws of physics in the extreme environment near a black hole, and learn what role this black hole has played in the formation and evolution of our galaxy. Professor Ghez has actively disseminated her work to a wide variety of audiences through more than 100 refereed papers and 200 invited talks, as well features in textbooks, documentaries, and science exhibits. She has received numerous honors and awards including the Crafoord Prize, a MacArthur Fellowship, election to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Aaronson Award from the University of Arizona, the Sackler Prize from Tel Aviv University, the American Physical Society's Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award, the American Astronomical Society's Newton Lacy Pierce Prize, a Sloan Fellowship, a Packard Fellowship, the 2012 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy, and several teaching awards. Her most recent service work includes membership on the National Research Council's Board on Physics & Astronomy, the Thirty-Meter-Telescope's Science Advisory Committee, the Keck Observatory Science Steering Committee, and the Research Strategies Working Group of the UC Commission on the Future. Andrea Ghez won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.

1034	Name:	Dr. Andrew Delbanco
	Institution:	Teagle Foundation; Columbia University
	Year Elected:	2013
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1952

	Andrew Delbanco is Alexander Hamilton Professor of American Studies at Columbia University. He was awarded the 2011 National Humanities Medal by President Barack Obama "for his writing that spans the literature of Melville and Emerson to contemporary issues in higher education." In 2001, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and named by Time Magazine as "America’s Best Social Critic." In 2003, he was named New York State Scholar of the Year by the New York Council for the Humanities. In 2006, he received the "Great Teacher Award" from the Society of Columbia Graduates. Professor Delbanco is the author of many books, including, recently, College: What it Was, Is, and Should Be (Princeton University Press, 2012), and The Abolitionist Imagination (Harvard University Press, 2012). Melville: His World and Work (2005) was published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, in Britain under the Picador imprint, and has appeared in German and Spanish translation. Melville was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in Biography, and appeared on "best books" lists in the Washington Post, Independent (London), Dallas Morning News, and TLS. It was awarded the Lionel Trilling Award by Columbia University. Other books include The Death of Satan (1995), Required Reading: Why Our American Classics Matter Now (1997), and The Real American Dream (1999), which were named notable books by the editors of The New York Times Book Review. The Puritan Ordeal (1989) also won the Lionel Trilling Award. He has edited Writing New England (2001), The Portable Abraham Lincoln (1992, 2009), volume two of The Sermons of Ralph Waldo Emerson (with Teresa Toulouse), and, with Alan Heimert, The Puritans in America (1985). His most recent book is The War Before the War: Fugitive Slaves and the Struggle for American's Soul from the Revolution to the Civil War (2018). Andrew Delbanco’s essays appear regularly in The New York Review of Books, New Republic, New York Times Magazine, and other journals, on topics ranging from. American literary and religious history to contemporary issues in higher education. Mr. Delbanco has received fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the National Endowment for the Humanities, and was a member of the inaugural class of fellows at the New York Public Library Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers. He is a trustee of the Library of America and trustee emeritus of the National Humanities Center. He has served as Vice President of PEN American Center, and as a trustee of the Association of American Colleges and Universities. He became President of the Teagle Foundation in 2018. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.

1035	Name:	Daniel Drake
	Year Elected:	1818
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1785
	Death Date:	11/5/1852

1036	Name:	John W. Draper
	Year Elected:	1844
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1811
	Death Date:	1/4/1882

1037	Name:	Henry Draper
	Year Elected:	1877
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1792
	Death Date:	11/20/1882

1038	Name:	Daniel Draper
	Year Elected:	1880
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1840
	Death Date:	12/21/31

1039	Name:	William Drayton
	Year Elected:	1835
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1040	Name:	Mr. William Drayton
	Institution:	Ashoka: Innovators for the Public
	Year Elected:	2019
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	As the Founder and CEO of Ashoka: Innovators for the Public, Bill Drayton has pioneered the field of social entrepreneurship, growing a global association of over 3,900 leading social entrepreneurs who work together to create an “Everyone a Changemaker” world and bring big systems-change to the world’s most urgent social challenges. Bill also chairs Get American Working!, Youth Venture, and Community Greens. He earned his BA from Harvard, an MA from Balliol College in Oxford University, and is a graduate of Yale Law School. Drayton had a 10-year career with McKinsey and Company, taught at Stanford Law School and Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, and served as Assistant Administrator for the EPA during the Carter Administration. Bill has been selected as one of America’s Best Leaders by US News & World Report and Harvard’s Center for Public Leadership. In 2011, Drayton won Spain’s prestigious Prince of Asturias Award, commonly described as Spain’s Nobel, for his work in social entrepreneurship. Other awards include Honorary Doctorates from Yale, NYU, and more; the Yale Law School’s highest alumni honor; an Honorary Fellow at Oxford’s Balliol College; the National Wildlife Federation’s Conservation Achievement Award International; the National Academy of Public Administration National Public Service Award; and the Harvard Kennedy School Richard E. Neustadt Award for Public Policy.

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