APS Member History

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61	Name:	Dr. Lawrence Bogorad
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	December 28, 2003

62	Name:	Dr. James Bonner
	Institution:	California Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1966
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1910
	Death Date:	9/13/96

63	Name:	Dr. John Tyler Bonner
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1972
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	February 7, 2019

	John T. Bonner was George M. Moffett Professor of Biology Emeritus at Princeton University. Dr. Bonner served on the Princeton faculty for 42 years and continued his research and teaching for over two decades after his retirement. His prime interests were in evolution and development, and he used cellular slime molds as a tool to seek an understanding of those twin disciplines. Dr. Bonner earned B.S. (1941), M.A. (1942) and Ph.D. (1947) degrees from Harvard University. He joined the Princieton faculty in 1947, chairing the Department of Biology for 14 years and assuming emeritus status in 1990. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1969) and the National Academy of Sciences (1973), Dr. Bonner has authored numerous works, including The Evolution of Development (1958); The Scale of Nature (1969); The Evolution of Culture in Animals (1980); Researches on Cellular Slime Molds (1988); and Life Cycles: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist (1992). His more recent books include, Why Size Matters: From Bacteria to Blue Whales (2006) and Randomness in Evolution (2013). John Tyler Bonner died on February 7, 2019 in Portland, Oregon at the age of 98.

64	Name:	Edwin G. Boring
	Year Elected:	1945
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1887
	Death Date:	7/1/68

65	Name:	Dr. David Botstein
	Institution:	Princeton University; Calico
	Year Elected:	2008
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1944

	In 2013 David Botstein retired as the Director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics at Princeton University and joined Calico as Chief Scientific Officer. Calico is a Google startup that will focus on aging and life-extension. Previously he served as Griswold Professor of Genetics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; as vice president of science for Genentech, Inc.; and as Acherman Professor and chairman of the Department of Genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. A native of Switzerland, he holds a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan (1967). David Botstein is one of the greatest geneticists working today and a pioneer in more ways than one. His early genetic work contributed to the discovery and understanding of transposable elements in bacteria. In the 1970s, his studies were instrumental in making the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae a major model organism that continues to be prominent in both fundamental biological research and biotechnology. A seminal 1980 paper by Botstein and colleagues suggested to employ restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for producing a linkage map of the human genome. That visionary proposal became the foundation of the new science of genomics. He also co-founded the Saccharomyces Genome Database, which continues to be a leading international resource that connects genomic sequences with biological functions. In addition, Botstein is a pioneering educator who revamped the Princeton biological curriculum through the teaching of biology in close juxtaposition to physics, mathematics and chemistry. David Botstein is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1981); the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1985); and the Institute of Medicine (1993). Other professional honors include the Eli Lilly Award (1978); the Genetics Society of America Medal (1988); the Rosenstiel Award (1992); the Gruber Prize in Genetics (2003); and the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2013). David Botstein was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008.

66	Name:	Norman L. Bowen
	Year Elected:	1930
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1887
	Death Date:	9/11/56

67	Name:	Isaiah Bowman
	Year Elected:	1923
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1879
	Death Date:	1/6/50

68	Name:	Dr. Paul D. Boyer
	Institution:	University of California, Los Angeles
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1918
	Death Date:	June 2, 2018

	Paul Delos Boyer was born July 31, 1918 in Provo, Utah. He received his B.S. in chemistry from Brigham Young University in 1939 and a Ph.D. degree in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1943. He served at Stanford University with a war research project on stabilization of human serum albumin from 1943-45 and with the Naval Medical Research Institute in Bethesda, MD in 1946. From 1946-63 he was a faculty member at the University of Minnesota and from 1963 to 1999 a faculty member at the University of California, Los Angeles, becoming emeritus in 1999. In 1965 he became founding director of UCLA's Molecular Biology Institute. Dr. Boyer received the American Chemical Society Award in Enzyme Chemistry in 1955 and during that year he was a Guggenheim Fellow for studies in Sweden. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1968) and the National Academy of Sciences (1970). He has received the Rose Award of the American Society of Biochemistry (1989) and honorary doctorates from the University of Stockholm (1974), the University of Minnesota (1996) and the University of Wisconsin (1998). In 1997 he shared a Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Walker and Skou for their studies with ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Throughout nature ATP serves for the capture and use of energy. Dr. Boyer also served as editor of the 18-volume treatise "The Enzymes" (1971-90) and has published over 300 papers, mostly about enzymes. About half of these relate to the mechanism of the complex membrane-bound ATP synthase. With his associates Boyer discovered that during ATP synthesis the three catalytic sites, even though they have identical amino acid sequences, proceed sequentially through strikingly different conformations. They obtained the first evidence that this occurs by a novel rotational catalysis. The rotational movement of a multi-subunit portion in the membrane drives the rotation of a single subunit in the center of the catalytic site cluster, resulting in the sequential conformational changes necessary for the binding, formation, and release of ATP. Dr. Paul D. Boyer died June 2, 2018, at the age of 99 at home in Los Angeles, California.

69	Name:	Detlev W. Bronk
	Year Elected:	1934
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1897
	Death Date:	11/17/75

70	Name:	Dr. Donald D. Brown
	Institution:	Carnegie Institution
	Year Elected:	1981
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	May 31, 2023

	More than a brilliant investigator, Donald Brown has been one of the central figures in the reshaping of the field of developmental biology. As professor and director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Embryology, he has for decades studied amphibian metamorphosis and, in conjunction, complex developmental programs such as vertebrate organogenesis. In addition to his work at the Carnegie Institution, with which he has been affiliated since 1963, Dr. Brown has served as professor of biology at Johns Hopkins University since 1968. Both his degrees were awarded by the University of Chicago. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Brown is a rare individual whose capacity for communication and synthesis equals his ability in the laboratory. In 2012 he was given the Lasker Special Achievement Award in Medical Science by the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation.

71	Name:	Dr. Michael S. Brown
	Institution:	University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
	Year Elected:	1987
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Michael S. Brown received a B.A. degree in chemistry in 1962 and an M.D. degree in 1966 from the University of Pennsylvania. He was an intern and resident at the Massachusetts General Hospital and a post doctoral fellow with Dr. Earl Stadtman at the National Institutes of Health. In 1971, he moved to the University of Texas in Dallas, where he rose through the ranks to become a professor in 1976. He is currently Paul J. Thomas Professor of Molecular Genetics and Director of the Jonsson Center for Molecular Genetics at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas. Dr. Brown and his long-time colleague, Dr. Joseph L. Goldstein, together discovered the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, which controls the level of cholesterol in blood and in cells. They showed that mutations in this receptor cause Familial Hypercholesterolemia, a disorder that leads to premature heart attacks in one out of every 500 people in most populations. They have received many awards for this work, including the U.S. National Medal of Science and the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology.

72	Name:	Dr. Emery N. Brown
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital
	Year Elected:	2023
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1956

	Emery N. Brown, M.D., Ph.D. was born and raised in Ocala, Florida. He attended Fessenden Elementary School, Osceola Junior High School and North Marion High School before graduating from the Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. He spent the second semester of his senior year in Barcelona, Spain studying Spanish with the School Year Abroad Program. Brown received his B.A. in Applied Mathematics (magna cum laude) from Harvard College. Before entering the Harvard M.D. Ph.D. Program, he spent a year studying mathematics as a Rotary Fellow at the Fourier Institute in Grenoble, France. Brown went on to earn his M.A. and Ph.D. in statistics from Harvard University and his M.D. (magna cum laude) from Harvard Medical School. He completed his internship in internal medicine at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and his anesthesiology residency at MGH. After completing his residency in 1992, Brown joined the faculty at the MGH Department of Anesthesia and Harvard Medical School. In 2005, he also joined the faculty at MIT in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the MIT and Harvard Health Sciences and Training Program. Brown is presently the Edward Hood Taplin Profess of Medical Engineering and Computational Neuroscience at MIT; the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia at Harvard Medical School; and an anesthesiologist at MGH. He is an anesthesiologist-statistician whose research is defining the neuroscience of how anesthetics produce the states of general anesthesia. He also develops statistical methods for neuroscience data analysis. In 2013 to 2014, Brown served on President Obama’s Brain Initiative Working Group. Currently, he serves on the Board of Trustees for the Simons Foundation and the Guggenheim Foundation. Brown is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, the IEEE, the American Statistical Association, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Inventors. Brown is also a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Engineering. Brown is the recipient of an NIH Director’s Pioneer Award, a Guggenheim Fellowship in Applied Mathematics, the American Society of Anesthesiologists Excellence in Research Award, the Dickson Prize in Science, the Swartz Prize for Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience, the Pierre Galletti Award, the Gruber Prize in Neuroscience and Doctorates of Science Honoris Causas from the University of Southern California and SUNY Downstate.

73	Name:	Albert P. Brubaker
	Year Elected:	1895
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1853
	Death Date:	4/29/43

74	Name:	William L. Bryant
	Year Elected:	1935
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1877
	Death Date:	6/9/47

75	Name:	Dr. Theodore H. Bullock
	Institution:	University of California, San Diego
	Year Elected:	1970
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	December 20, 2005

76	Name:	Hermon C. Bumpus
	Year Elected:	1909
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1862
	Death Date:	6/21/43

77	Name:	Dr. Robert H. Burris
	Institution:	University of Wisconsin, Madison
	Year Elected:	1979
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	May 11, 2010

	For forty years Robert H. Burris was a professor in the University of Wisconsin's department of biochemistry. After receiving his B.S. in Chemistry from South Dakota State University, he arrived at Wisconsin in 1936 and completed a Ph.D. in bacteriology in 1940. He conducted penicillin studies and taught plant biochemistry prior to joining the biochemistry department as an assistant professor in 1944. Around this time he began his research on biological nitrogen fixation, work which would be of great importance to agriculture and humankind. Marked by imagination, painstaking analysis and innovative use of methodologies, many of which were of his own devising, Dr. Burris conducted studies using radioactive isotopes and mass spectrometers, working primarily on photosynthesis and respiratory enzymes in addition to biological nitrogen fixation. Between 1958 and 1970 Dr. Burris was chair of the department, training many doctoral and post-doctoral students and authoring hundreds of research papers. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, and former president of the American Society of Plant Physiologists, Dr. Burris retired from the University of Wisconsin in 1984. He continued to conduct research and publish scientific papers long past his retirement. He died on May 11, 2010, at age 96.

78	Name:	Elmer G. Butler
	Year Elected:	1948
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1900
	Death Date:	2/23/72

79	Name:	Richard E. Byrd
	Year Elected:	1930
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1889
	Death Date:	3/11/57

80	Name:	Dr. John Cairns
	Institution:	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1923
	Death Date:	November 5, 2017

	John Cairns spent his research life studying natural ecosystems and how perturbations of various types affect them. His most widely acclaimed publications discussed factors causing stressed ecosystems and their restoration. He made extensive use of statistics and validation predictive models. For decades he used complex multivariant systems in his studies of microcosms and mesacosms. His work on reestablishment of damaged habitats is particularly important today because of the damage done to our planet. Dr. Cairns received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania and completed a postdoctoral course in isotope methodology at Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia. He was Curator of Limnology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 18 years and has taught at various universities and field stations, including Virginia Polytechnic University, where was Professor Emeritus beginning in 1995. Dr. Cairns' professional certifications included Qualified Fishery Administrator by the American Fisheries Society, Senior Ecologist by the Ecological Society of America, and the Academy of Board Certified Environmental Professionals. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences; the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the Linnean Society of London; and the American Microscopical Society, of which he was president. He has over 1,500 publications to his credit. John Cairns died on November 5, 2017 at age 94, in Blacksburg, Virginia.

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