APS Member History

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141	Name:	John H. Finley
	Year Elected:	1919
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1864
	Death Date:	3/7/1940

142	Name:	Dr. Kent V. Flannery
	Institution:	University of Michigan
	Year Elected:	2005
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	403. Cultural Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1934

	Kent Flannery is an internationally renowned archaeologist who is justifiably recognized as one of the most important theorists in the field today. The James Bennett Griffin Distinguished University Professor of Anthropological Archaeology at the University of Michigan since 1985, he has made outstanding and lasting contributions to the field of archaeology over the past four decades not only in the realms of theory and method but substantively as well. He has significantly advanced scholarly understanding of the rise of agriculture in both the Old and New Worlds, with his research and writings having provided a number of important insights into the growth of preindustrial civilizations. In particular, he has convincingly demonstrated how material and ideological factors are inextricably linked in the development of cultural complexity. The field research of Dr. Flannery and his collaborators on the ancient Zapotec civilization in Mexico is especially notable in this regard. Dr. Flannery received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1964 and has served on the University of Michigan faculty since 1967. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1978; the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1998; and the American Philosophical Society in 2005.

143	Name:	Dr. John V. Fleming
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2015
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	John Fleming’s main contributions to scholarship have been in three areas—Romance (Old French) literature, the interaction of literary tropes and iconography in medieval painting and sculpture, especially associated with Franciscan spirituality, and Chaucer. His study of the thirteenth-century Roman de la Rose is regarded as a classic exegesis of this multi-layered text and also as a piece of exemplary scholarly prose. The same may be said of his study of Franciscan hermeneutics, From Bonaventure to Bellini, which was a pathbreaking interdisciplinary study. Fleming has also been an indefatigable editor, translator and commentator on medieval Franciscan texts (see his Introduction to the Franciscan Literature of the Middle Ages) and texts, like the Two Poems Attributed to Joachim of Fiore, which were regarded in the thirteenth and fourteenth century as bearing upon the Franciscan experience. Along the way he has made fundamental contributions to literary scholars’ and historians’ understanding and appreciation of matters as diverse as Chaucer’s classical sources and the mental universe of Christopher Columbus. Fleming has regularly, productively and with great wit challenged many of the stultifying orthodoxies regnant for so long in medieval scholarship, not least the concept of ‘courtly love’. Added to his scholarly impact through his published works one must include Fleming’s influence on the field through his teaching. Indeed his reputation as a teacher both of graduate students and undergraduates is legendary.

144	Name:	Dr. Wen C. Fong
	Institution:	Princeton University & Metropolitan Museum of Art
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	October 3, 2018

	A scholar of Chinese art history, Wen Fong was born in Shanghai and received a classical Chinese education, including training as a painter and calligrapher. In 1948 he went to Princeton University, where he earned his A.B. in 1951, joined the faculty as instructor after receiving his M.F.A. in 1954 and earned his Ph.D. in 1958. He was named the Edwards S. Sanford Professor of Art History in 1971 and transferred to emeritus status in 1999. He was the author of works including The Problem of Forgeries in Chinese Paintings (1963), Summer Mountains: The Timeless Landscape (1975) and The Great Bronze Age of China (1980) and became widely recognized in both China and Japan through his many books and articles and frequent visits to the Far East. Dr. Fong also served as faculty curator of Asian art at the Princeton University Art Museum and helped strengthen the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Asian collection as a special consultant for Asian affairs and head of the Asian art department. After transferring to emeritus status at Princeton he was a professor at Tsinghua University from 2004-07 and Zheijang University 2009-12. Wen Fong died on October 3, 2018 in Princeton, New Jersey at the age of 88.

145	Name:	Tenney Frank
	Year Elected:	1927
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1877
	Death Date:	4/3/1939

146	Name:	Henri Frankfort
	Year Elected:	1948
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1898
	Death Date:	7/16/1954

147	Name:	Dr. M. Alison Frantz
	Institution:	American School of Classical Studies
	Year Elected:	1973
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1903
	Death Date:	2/1/95

148	Name:	Dr. David Freedberg
	Institution:	Columbia University & Italian Academy for Advanced Study in America
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	David Freedberg is best known for his work on psychological responses to art, and particularly for his studies on iconoclasm and censorship. His more traditional art historical writing originally centered on the fields of Dutch and Flemish art. Within these fields he specialized in the history of Dutch printmaking and in the paintings and drawings of Bruegel and Rubens. He then turned his attention to seventeenth century Roman art and to the paintings of Nicolas Poussin, before moving on to his recent work in the history of science and on the importance of the new cognitive neurosciences for the study of art and its history. Dr. Freedberg has also been involved in several exhibitions of contemporary art. Following a series of important discoveries in Windsor Castle, the Institut de France and the archives of the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome, he has for some time been concerned with the intersection of art and science in the age of Galileo. While much of his work in this area has been published in articles and catalogues, his chief publication in this area is The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, his Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History (2002). He is now devoting a substantial portion of his attention to collaborations with neuroscientists working in fields of vision, movement and emotion. Although Dr. Freedberg continues to teach in the fields of Dutch, Flemish, French and Italian seventeenth century art, as well as in historiographical and theoretical areas, his research now concentrates on the relations between art, history and the neurosciences. He continues to hope that he will be able to return to his longstanding project on the cultural history of the architecture and dance of the Pueblo peoples, but for the moment his energies are largely taken up by his work with neuroscientists. A Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Freedberg was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1997.

149	Name:	Dr. Paul Freedman
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	2011
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1949

	Paul Freedman is Chester D. Tripp Professor of History at Yale and was chair of the Department from 2004 to 2007. In 2010-2011 he was acting chair. His field is medieval Europe and he has written on Spain, the church, peasants and most recently on food and luxury products in the Middle Ages. Freedman has taught in the freshman Directed Studies (Great Books) program at Yale and offered courses in the Humanities Department. His History Department courses include lectures on the Middle Ages, a course on the history of food and cuisine, and seminars and a number of topics from the Crusades to the European ideas about Asia and Africa. Graduating from the Santa Cruz campus of the University of California, Freedman received his Ph.D. from Berkeley in 1978. He taught at Vanderbilt University from 1979 until 1997 when he came to Yale. He has received research fellowships from the Cullman Center of the New York Public Library, the Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the National Endowment for the Humanities as well as from government cultural agencies in Spain, France and Germany. Freedman is the author of several books on medieval Spain, including The Diocese of Vic (1983) and The Origins of Peasant Servitude in Medieval Catalonia (1992). In 1999 he published Images of the Medieval Peasant which deals with Europe generally and how the vast majority of medieval society were depicted in literature, art and sermons. Yale University Press in 2008 published Freedman’s book Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination which considers why spices were so popular in the Middle Ages as to become major items of trade and the stimulus to exploration of Asia and the New World. In 2007 Freedman edited Food: The History of Taste, a book about cuisine from prehistoric hunter-gathers until the present-day trends. His recent books include American Cuisine and How It Got That Way (2019).

150	Name:	Dr. Michael Fried
	Institution:	Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1939

	Michael Fried received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1969 and continued at Harvard as assistant and associate professor of fine arts. In 1975 he joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University and is currently the J.R. Herbert Boone Professor of Humanities. Michael Fried has combined pioneering work in the history of art with groundbreaking art criticism. He is also a poet. His early criticism of the work of Jules Olitski, Frank Stella, and Anthony Caro, among others, helped to define modernist art of the 1960s in ways that are still influential. His Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot revolutionized the study of 18th century French art. Through close, extensive analysis of both paintings and literary and dramatic texts, Dr. Fried came to a new understanding of the painting as tableau, and of the role of the beholder, thereby changing an entire field of inquiry. There followed a series of closely argued monographs around the theme of realism, which were devoted to the work of Courbet, Eakins, and Manet. Dr. Fried's sustained critical thinking about realism has now extended to German 19th century painting with the publication of his book on Adolf Menzel. Dr. Fried's A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts at the National Gallery of Art on the subject of Caravaggio inspired both the scholarly audience and the more general public. Today, he is one of a handful of historians working successfully across national and chronological boundaries. Michael Fried is the author of Morris Louis (1971); Powers (poems, 1973); Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot (1980, awarded 1980 Gottschalk Prize); Realism, Writing, Disfiguration: On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane (1987, awarded 1990 Charles C. Eldredge Prize); Courbet's Realism (1993); To the Center of the Earth (poems, 1994); Manet's Modernism or The Face of Painting in the 1860s (1996); Art and Objecthood: Essays and Reviews (1998); Menzel's Realism: Art and Embodiment in Nineteenth-Century Berlin (2002); The Next Bend in the Road (poems, 2004); and Why Photography Matters as Art as Never Before (2008). He was awarded the 2000 Prix Littéraire Etats-Unis/France, given to a book that contributes to mutual understanding between the two cultures. In 2004 he received a Mellon Distinguished Achievement Award. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003.

151	Name:	Albert Mathias Friend
	Year Elected:	1952
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1894
	Death Date:	3/23/1956

152	Name:	Dr. Bruce W. Frier
	Institution:	University of Michigan Law School
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	Bruce Frier is the leading scholar of Roman law in the U.S. today. In a fashion unique among Roman historians, he combines deep traditional philological skills with command of a wide array of methods from the social sciences. His innovative studies have shown how legal developments served the interests of a broad spectrum of propertied Romans and how law became a profession for the first time in history. His casebook on delicts has educated a generation of American students. The foremost demographer of antiquity in this country and the first to bring sophisticated quantitative methods to this subject, Dr. Frier has been a professor of classics at the University of Michigan since 1983.

153	Name:	Robert Frost
	Year Elected:	1937
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1875
	Death Date:	1/29/1963

154	Name:	Dr. Roland M. Frye
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1975
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	January 13, 2005

155	Name:	Dr. Julia Haig Gaisser
	Institution:	Bryn Mawr College
	Year Elected:	2005
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402b
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Julia Haig Gaisser is a scholar of international distinction, a leader in the interpretation of the Classics and Roman Humanism. From her early Homeric studies, she has turned her attention to Roman poetry of the late Republic and the Empire, particularly Catullus, and the works of Apuleius, and has carried these interests into the Renaissance, with acclaimed studies of the reception of Catullus in the Renaissance and of the world of the Humanist, Piero Valeriano. Her work is characterized by depth of insight and rigorous analysis, and also by notable grace of style. She has contributed significantly to the welfare of the organizations on which the vitality of classical studies depends - as president of the American Philological Association, chairman of the Managing Committee of the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome, editor of the Bryn Mawr Latin Commentaries, and spokesperson for humanistic concerns in many contexts. In addition to her many publications, she has lectured widely in this country and abroad, has excelled in teaching undergraduates and graduate students, and by her work for the Marshall Scholarships and the American Academy in Rome she has strengthened the bonds between American and European scholars. Dr. Gaisser's recent projects include her Martin Classical Lectures at Oberlin (The Fortunes of Apuleius) as well as Oxford Readings in Catullus and a translation of the dialogues of Giovanni Pontano for the I Tatti Renaissance Library. Professor Emeritus of Latin and Eugenia Chase Guild Professor Emeritus in the Humanities at Bryn Mawr College, Dr. Gaisser was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2005.

156	Name:	Dr. Marjorie Garber
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	2012
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1944

	Marjorie Garber is an internationally renowned scholar of Shakespeare, Renaissance literature and contemporary culture. Her interests encompass literary and cultural theory, psychoanalysis, gender, sexuality, the arts, and intellectual life. Her books include Shakespeare’s Ghost Writers (1987); Vested Interests: Cross-Dressing and Cultural Anxiety (1992);Vice-Versa: Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life (1995); Dog Love (1997); Sex and Real Estate (2000); Academic Instincts (2001); Shakespeare After All (2004); Patronizing the Arts (2008);Shakespeare and Modern Culture (2008) and The Use and Abuse of Literature (2011); as well as several volumes of collected essays: Symptoms of Culture (1998); Quotation Marks (2002); Profiling Shakespeare (2008); Loaded Words (2012); and Character: The History of a Cultural Obsession (2020). Shakespeare After All was awarded the prestigious Christian Gauss Prize by the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 2005. Her essays, known for their incisive wit, have established her as an astute cultural critic and commentator on modern life. Her dynamic and compelling lectures on Shakespeare have been widely influential for generations of students and scholars. Her recent work has addressed the arts, theater and performance, the centrality of literature and the future of the humanities. Dr. Garber is the William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of English and Visual and Environmental Studies at Harvard University. She received her B.A. from Swarthmore College (with Highest Honors) in 1966, and her Ph.D. from Yale University in 1969. She taught at Yale for a decade and then at Haverford College before joining the Harvard faculty in 1981. At Harvard she has been Director of the Humanities Center, Chair of the Department of Visual and Environmental Studies, Director of the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Chair of the Committee on Dramatic Arts, and Associate Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Garber is the former President of the international Consortium of Humanities Centers and Institutes and a continuing member of its advisory board, and has served on the Board of Directors of the American Council of Learned Societies. She is a Trustee of the English Institute, and a Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar.

157	Name:	Dr. Clifford Geertz
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study
	Year Elected:	1972
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	403. Cultural Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	October 30, 2006

158	Name:	Ignace J. Gelb
	Year Elected:	1975
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	12/22/1985

159	Name:	Sir Hamilton Gibb
	Year Elected:	1960
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1895
	Death Date:	10/22/71

160	Name:	Dr. Allan Gibbard
	Institution:	University of Michigan
	Year Elected:	2005
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1942

	Allan Gibbard is Richard B. Brandt Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is the author of Wise Choices, Apt Feelings (1990), Thinking How to Live (2003), and Reconciling Our Aims (2008), as well as articles on ethical theory, theory of social choice, and topics in decision theory, philosophy of language, epistemology, and metaphysics. His papers include \"Manipulation of Voting Schemes\" (1973); \"Contingent Identity\" (1975); \"Two Recent Theories of Conditionals\" (1981); \"Meaning and Normativity\" (1994); and \"Rational Credence and the Value of Truth” (2008)\". He earned a B.A. in mathematics from Swarthmore College in 1963 and a Ph.D. in philosophy at Harvard University in 1971. He taught mathematics and physics at Achimota School in Ghana in the U.S. Peace Corps and has taught philosophy at the University of Chicago, the University of Pittsburgh, and, since 1977, at the University of Michigan. He has held research fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the American Council of Learned Societies. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a Member of the American Philosophical Society, a Membre Titulaire of the Institut International de Philosophie, and has been President of the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association. He is working on a book on the philosopical claim that the concepts of meaning and of mental content are normative concepts.

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