Class
| • | 2. Biological Sciences | [X] |
Subdivision
| • | 200 |
(3)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(76)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(43)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(52)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(48)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(32)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(21)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(41)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(39)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(47)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(19)
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| | 141 | Name: | Whitman Cross | | | Year Elected: | 1915 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1855 | | | Death Date: | 4/20/49 | | | | |
| 142 | Name: | Wilbur L. Cross | | | Year Elected: | 1934 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1855 | | | Death Date: | 10/5/48 | | | | |
| 143 | Name: | Dr. James F. Crow | | | Institution: | University of Wisconsin | | | Year Elected: | 1966 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | January 4, 2012 | | | | | | |
James F. Crow served as a professor of genetics and zoology at the University of Wisconsin since 1954. An outstanding authority in the field of population genetics, human genetics and the genetic effects of radiation, he was the author of numerous articles in scientific journals. He successfully introduced mathematical models in the study of human heredity while also using his training in Drosophilia genetics in the study of the effects of lethal genes and other factors on the genetic makeup of populations. His theoretical contributions span the field, from his concept of genetic load to his work on random sampling genes in small populations. Dr. Crow also introduced the use of similarity of surnames to estimate the degree of inbreeding in human populations and as a way of determining the mutational component of human genetic diseases. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Crow has also served as associate editor and column editor of Genetics. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1966. James Crowe died on January 3, 2012, at the age of 95 in Madison, Wisconsin. | |
| 144 | Name: | Harvey Cushing | | | Year Elected: | 1930 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1869 | | | Death Date: | 10/7/39 | | | | |
| 145 | Name: | Ulric Dahlgren | | | Year Elected: | 1919 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1871 | | | Death Date: | 5/30/46 | | | | |
| 146 | Name: | Dr. Gretchen Cara Daily | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1964 | | | | | | |
Gretchen Daily is a professor of biological sciences; the director of the Tropical Research Program at the Center for Conservation Biology; a senior fellow at CESP; and the Director of the Interdisciplinary Program on Environment and Resources at Stanford University. An ecologist by training, she is working to develop a scientific basis - and political and institutional support - for managing Earth's life support systems. Professor Daily's greatest contributions have been in developing a framework for illuminating the benefits generated by natural capital and the tradeoffs associated with alternative paths of development as a basis for implementing new conservation finance and policy. To this end, she has led interdisciplinary teams, worked closely with economists and other ecologists and authored or edited influential publications that have given the subject great prominence. She has been involved both in developing the theoretical framework and in applying it to case studies. Her efforts in this area have also led her to create the new discipline of countryside biogeography. Daily organized and is the director of the path-breaking Natural Capital Project, which seeks to align conservation and financial incentives. She has also done important studies of the carrying capacity of Earth, humanity's deteriorating epidemiological environment and the importance of equity in solving human problems. Gretchen Daily has published approximately 150 scientific and popular articles. Her most recent book, coauthored with Katherine Ellison, is The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable (2002). She was presented with the Japanese Cosmos Award in 2009. A fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2003) and the National Academy of Sciences (2005), she was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 147 | Name: | Henry H. Dale | | | Year Elected: | 1939 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1875 | | | Death Date: | 7/23/68 | | | | |
| 148 | Name: | Reginald A. Daly | | | Year Elected: | 1913 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1871 | | | Death Date: | 9/19/57 | | | | |
| 149 | Name: | Charles H. Danforth | | | Year Elected: | 1944 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1906 | | | Death Date: | 1/10/69 | | | | |
| 150 | Name: | Dr. James E. Darnell | | | Institution: | Rockefeller University | | | Year Elected: | 2013 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | | | | |
Born in Columbus, MS in 1930 Darnell attended local schools and the University of Mississippi, graduating in January 1951. He entered Washington University St. Louis School of Medicine, a "science-based" medical school in 1951, and by 1952 was engaged in microbiological research. After a one year internship he joined the laboratory of Harry Eagle, a pioneer in culturing human cells in culture at the National Institutes of Heath. At NIH he began an early career in animal virology, using cultured cells. An interlude of 11 months with Francois Jacob in 1960-61 taught him about the maturing state of molecular biology, especially the importance of the new discovery of messenger RNA. On returning to his first independent position at MIT in June 1961, he began the study of human (mammalian) cell RNA which he has continued for over 50 years.
His research discovered the first cases of RNA processing in ribosomal and transfer RNA. First, a longer primary transcript is copied from DNA and then processed into shorter molecules that function in the cell cytoplasm to direct the synthesis of specific proteins. Studies on the primary nuclear transcript of precursor mRNAs produced during adenovirus infection supplied much of the original evidence that in the nucleus cells process adenovirus pre-mRNA into mRNA paving the way for the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of RNA splicing by Phillip Sharp, Richard Roberts and their colleagues. In the 1980s he began the study of DNA binding transcriptional factors including those activated by reception of signals from cell surface proteins. The far-reaching results from these later experiments culminated in the description of the first complete cell surface to nucleus signal transduction pathway: the JAK-STAT pathway.
Dr. Darnell has had academic appointments at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Columbia University. In 1974 Dr. Darnell joined Rockefeller as Vincent Astor Professor, and from 1990 to 1991 he was vice president for academic affairs. He was instrumental in the 1980s and 1990s in establishing a new focus in hiring young independent faculty, a now accepted mechanism in university practice.
Dr. Darnell has received numerous awards, including the 2012 Albany Medical Center Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research, the 2003 National Medal of Science, the 2002 Albert Lasker Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science, the 1997 Passano Award, the 1994 Paul Janssen Prize in Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and the 1986 Gairdner Foundation International Award. He has received honorary degrees from Washington University (1996), Albany Medical College (2000) and The Rockefeller University (2012)
He is the author of the recently published RNA: Life’s Indispensable Molecule. He is also coauthor, with S.E. Luria, of General Virology, and a founding author of Molecular Cell Biology, now in its seventh edition. Dr. Darnell is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1973), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1973), a foreign member of The Royal Society of London (1986), and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2004). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. | |
| 151 | Name: | William Darrach | | | Year Elected: | 1929 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1876 | | | Death Date: | 5/[23-24]/1848 | | | | |
| 152 | Name: | Charles B. Davenport | | | Year Elected: | 1907 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1866 | | | Death Date: | 2/18/44 | | | | |
| 153 | Name: | Bradley M. Davis | | | Year Elected: | 1914 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1872 | | | Death Date: | 3/13/57 | | | | |
| 154 | Name: | Dr. Hallowell Davis | | | Institution: | Central Institute for the Deaf | | | Year Elected: | 1965 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 209. Neurobiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1896 | | | Death Date: | 8/22/92 | | | | |
| 155 | Name: | Arthur L. Day | | | Year Elected: | 1912 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1870 | | | Death Date: | 3/2/60 | | | | |
| 156 | Name: | Dr. Karl Deisseroth | | | Institution: | Stanford University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 208. Plant Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1971 | | | | | | |
Karl Deisseroth is the D.H. Chen Professor of Bioengineering and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, and Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He earned both his Ph.D. and his M.D. from Stanford University in 1998 and 2000, respectively. He continues as a practicing psychiatrist with specialization in affective disorders and autism-spectrum disease.
Deisseroth focuses his laboratory on understanding how operation of the brain arises from the properties and activities of its cellular components. Over the last 17 years, his laboratory has created and developed technologies for observing and controlling biological systems at high resolution while maintaining the systems intact; these technologies include optogenetics, hydrogel-tissue chemistry, and a broad range of enabling methods. He pioneered the resulting basic science discoveries as well, including resolution of the structural and functional machinery of light-gated ion channels, and discovery of neural cell types and connections that cause adaptive and maladaptive behavior. His contributions have revolutionized neuroscience by creating and using tools to assess causality between observed neural activity in specific neuronal populations and circuits and the emergence of behavior and emotional responses.
His awards and honors include the 2015 Breakthrough Prize, the 2015 Keio Prize, the 2015 Lurie Prize, the 2015 Albany Prize, the 2015 Dickson Prize in Medicine, the 2016 BBVA Award, the 2016 Massry Prize, the 2017 Redelsheimer Prize, the 2017 Fresenius Prize, the 2017 NOMIS Distinguished Scientist Award, the 2017 Harvey Prize from the Technion/Israel, the 2018 Eisenberg Prize, the 2018 Kyoto Prize, the 2018 Gairdner Award, and the 2020 Heineken Prize in Medicine from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Medicine in 2010, to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2012, and to the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in 2019. Deisseroth was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2022. | |
| 157 | Name: | Milislav Demerec | | | Year Elected: | 1952 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1895 | | | Death Date: | 4/12/66 | | | | |
| 158 | Name: | Dr. Vincent G. Dethier | | | Institution: | University of Massachusetts | | | Year Elected: | 1980 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | 9/7/93 | | | | |
| 159 | Name: | Samuel R. Detwiler | | | Year Elected: | 1940 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1890 | | | Death Date: | 5/2/57 | | | | |
| 160 | Name: | Dr. Jared Mason Diamond | | | Institution: | University of California, Los Angeles | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | | |
Jared Diamond, professor of geography and physiology at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical School, researches integrative and evolutionary physiology and regulation of nutrient transport, among other interests. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1961 and spent five years at Harvard University as a junior fellow and associate in biophysics before joining the faculty at UCLA in 1966. Dr. Diamond is known for his outstanding achievements in a number of fields, as a membrane physiologist, population biologist (particularly island ecology) and intrepid explorer (reaching several previously unvisited and almost inaccessible mountain ranges in the interior of New Guinea). His brilliant analysis of the factors controlling species diversity completely revolutionized that branch of population biology, and his delightful essays in Nature dealing with little known aspects of biology document the breadth of his scholarship. His popular science works often combine anthropology, biology, linguistics, genetics and history. Dr. Diamond's book Guns, Germs and Steel (1997) was recognized with the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, and his recent book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (2004), examines some of the great civilizations of the past and what contemporary society can learn from their fates. He is also the author of The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies? (2012). The recipient of numerous prizes, including the 1998 Japanese Cosmos Award, Dr. Diamond is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. | |
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