Class
| • | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | [X] |
| | 221 | Name: | Dr. Maurice Goldhaber | | | Institution: | Brookhaven National Laboratory | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | May 11, 2011 | | | | | | |
Nuclear physicist Maurice Goldhaber was born in Austria in 1911. He earned his Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1936 and, after two years as a fellow at Magdalene College, he came to the United States as a member of the faculty of the University of Illinois. Dr. Goldhaber became a naturalized citizen in 1944, and in 1950 he joined the faculty of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, which he would go on to direct from 1961-73. Dr. Goldhaber's numerous experimental and theoretical contributions to nuclear physics include the discovery of deuteron splitting with gamma rays, evidence of the helicity of the neutrino, and of nuclear vibrations of protons against neutrons. The recipient of awards including the National Medal of Science (1985), the Wolf Prize (1991), the J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize (1992) and the Fermi Award (1998), Dr. Goldhaber was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Having held the position of Associated Universities, Inc. Distinguished Scientist from 1973-85, he became BSA Distinguished Scientist Emeritus there in 1985, but he continued to work at Brookhaven until 2008. He died May 11, 2011, at the age of 100 at his home in East Setauket, New York. | |
| 222 | Name: | Moses Gomberg | | | Year Elected: | 1920 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1866 | | | | |
| 223 | Name: | Dr. Ralph Edward Gomory | | | Institution: | Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NYU Stern | | | Year Elected: | 1985 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | | | | |
Ralph E. Gomory served as President of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation from June 1989 to January 2008. He now serves as Director of Special Programs. Dr. Gomory received his B.A. from Williams College in 1950, studied at Cambridge University and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1954. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1954 to 1957. Dr. Gomory was Higgins Lecturer and Assistant Professor at Princeton University from 1957 to 59. He joined the Research Division of IBM in 1959, was named IBM Fellow in 1964, and became Director of the Mathematical Sciences Department in 1965. He was made IBM Director of Research in 1970 a position he held until 1986, becoming IBM Vice President in 1973 and Senior Vice President in 1985. In 1986 he became IBM Senior Vice President for Science and Technology, a position which he held until 1989 when he retired from IBM. Dr. Gomory is a member of both the National Academies of Science and of Engineering. He has been awarded a number of honorary degrees and prizes including the Lanchester Prize in 1963; the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1984; the IEEE Engineering Leadership Recognition Award in 1988; the National Medal of Science in 1988; the Arthur M. Bueche Award of the National Academy of Engineering in 1993; the Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment in 1998; the Madison Medal Award of Princeton University in 1999; and the Sheffield Fellowship Award of the Yale University Faculty of Engineering in 2000. He was named to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology in 1990 and served to March 1993. Dr. Gomory has been an American Philosophical Society member since 1985. | |
| 224 | Name: | Dr. Richard M. Goody | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | August 3, 2023 | | | | | | |
Richard M. Goody died on August 3, 2023 at Broadmead, a continuing care retirement community, in Cockeysville, MD. He was 102 years old.
Richard Goody was born in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England on June 19, 1921. He and his family immigrated to the United States in 1958 and became US citizens in 1965. He is survived by his daughter, Brigid Goody. His wife, Elfriede Goody, and his brother, Jack Goody, preceded him in death.
Dr. Goody attended Cambridge University from which he received a bachelor’s degree in physics in 1942. After military service during World War II, he returned to Cambridge to receive his PhD in 1949. He studied radioactive transfer in planetary atmospheres. In 1958, he was appointed as Professor of Dynamic Meteorology and Director of the Blue Hill Observatory at Harvard. He remained at Harvard until his retirement in 1991 as Mallinckrodt and Gordon McKay Professor Emeritus. Dr. Goody's fundamental contributions to geophysics began in 1949 with his work at Cambridge University, England, on the understanding of the structure of stratosphere in which radiative processes play the dominant role in its thermal equilibrium state. This study led him to pursue infrared radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres and the manner in which simplified methodologies can be developed for effective calculations of radiative heating in the atmosphere. Dr. Goody was the first scientist to recognize the potential of using emission spectra for the quantitative measurement of ozone and nitrous oxide, long before the role of these gases in global warming was a fundamental concern. Following his appointment as Abbott Lawrence Rotch Professor of Dynamic Meteorology and Director of the Blue Hill Observatory at Harvard University in 1958, Dr. Goody became the prime academic force in building the Earth and planetary physics program there. He continued research on a number of fundamental programs involving infrared radiation transfer and produced a classic book, Atmospheric radiation: I, Theoretical basis, which he published in 1964. In 1970 he was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences, playing an important role in the geophysics section of the Academy. He also played a key role in the U.S. exploration program on the atmospheres of other planets, principally Mars and Venus. His many important contributions included interpretation of spectroscopy data for the understanding and determination of the planetary compositions and dynamic processes, as well as the instrument design for space probes. In 1982 Dr. Goody, along with two of his colleagues, spearheaded a program referred to as 'Global Habitability' to examine the factors affecting the Earth's ability to sustain life, principally through biogeochemical cycles and climate. He could accurately be described as "the grandfather of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program."
Among his many awards are the Buchan Prize of the Royal Meteorological Society (1958); the 50th Anniversary Medal (1970) and the Cleveland Abbe Award (1977) of the American Meteorological Society, 1970; NASA's Public Service Medal (1980); the William Bowie Medal (1998) of the American Geophysical Union; and the Gold Medal (2004) of the International Radiation Commission. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1997. | |
| 225 | Name: | Samuel Abraham Goudsmit | | | Year Elected: | 1952 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1902 | | | Death Date: | 12/4/1978 | | | | |
| 226 | Name: | Dr. William Timothy Gowers | | | Institution: | University of Cambridge & Trinity College | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1963 | | | | | | |
Early in his career, Timothy Gowers did outstanding work in abstract Banach space theory, a theory which involves sets which are operators or functions. In a series of brilliant papers, he solved several long-standing problems, introducing extensive use of methods from combinatorial number theory. One of his surprising results is the construction of a Banach space with almost no symmetry. He is now better known to the broad mathematical community by his later work in combinatorial number theory. His very original ideas (for example "Gowers norms"), led to a new proof of Szmeredi's theorem, which concerns the occurrence of arithmetic progressions in sets of integers. His ideas have led to many breakthroughs in the field, in particular concerning the occurrence of arithmetic progressions in the primes (a longstanding conjecture of Erdos and now a theorem of Gowers’ students Ben Green and Terry Tao.) He continues to lead the research in this combinatorial number theory, which is now having impact on and benefiting computer science. Gowers has also put much effort into bringing mathematics to the public in his writing which includes his book Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction (2002) and his many public lectures. He recently organized the writing of The Princeton Companion to Mathematics (2008). This is a book of over 1,000 pages, incorporating sections by over 100 of the world's best mathematicians. It is aimed at giving anyone with some undergraduate training in mathematics a taste of current knowledge in all of modern mathematics. This kind of contribution, by one of the world's leading researchers at the height of his productive years, is very unusual. | |
| 227 | Name: | Dr. Harry B. Gray | | | Institution: | California Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | | | | |
Harry Gray's research career has touched nearly every aspect of inorganic chemistry. His earliest work dealt with mechanisms of ligand substitution reactions in coordination complexes, and the principles that he and his coworkers elucidated are now found in every standard inorganic textbook. Dr. Gray's research then moved from mechanism to electronic structure, where he was a pioneer in the study of spectroscopy and bonding in transition metal complexes. More recently, Dr. Gray has brought his profound understanding of inorganic chemistry to the elucidation of the behavior of metal centers in proteins. Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry since 1981, Dr. Gray was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1986, the Wolf Prize in 2004, the Othmer Gold Medal of the Chemical Heritage Foundation in 2013, the Feynman Teaching Prize in 2018, and the Cotton Medal in 2018 for his achievements. | |
| 228 | Name: | Dr. Jesse L. Greenstein | | | Institution: | California Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1968 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1909 | | | Death Date: | October 21, 2002 | | | | |
| 229 | Name: | Dr. Phillip A. Griffiths | | | Institution: | Institute for Advanced Study;
University of Miami | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
Phillip A. Griffiths is Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study's School of Mathematics. He holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University and has served on the faculties of the University of California, Berkeley (1964-67), Harvard University (1967-83)and Duke University (1983-91). Dr. Griffiths's mathematical research is in geometry. He and his collaborators initiated the theory of variation of Hodge structure, which has come to play a central role in many aspects of algebraic geometry and the uses of that subject in modern theoretical physics. In addition to algebraic geometry, Dr. Griffiths has made contributions to differential and integral geometry, geometric function theory and the geometry of partial differential equations. Past Director of the Institute for Advanced Study (1991-2003), Dr. Griffiths leads the Millennium Science Initiative (MSI) whose primary goal is to create and nurture world-class science and scientific talent in the developing world. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the recipient of numerous awards, including the American Mathematical Society's LeRoy P. Steele Prize (1972, 2013), the Gottingen Academy of Sciences's Dannie Heineman Prize (1979); the Wolf Prize (jointly with Pierre Deligne and David Mumford, 2008); the Royal Dutch Mathematical Society's Brouwer Prize (2008); and the Chern Medal (2014). | |
| 230 | Name: | Dr. David Gross | | | Institution: | Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara | | | Year Elected: | 2007 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | | |
David Gross directs the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he is also Frederick W. Gluck Professor of Theoretical Physics. A distinguished scientist and a leader in elementary particle theory, he received the 2004 Nobel Prize for his influential contributions to the theory of strong interactions, most notably the proof of asymptotic freedom in quantum chromodynamics, an essential building block in the now well established Standard Model. Gross has also had an important impact on developments in superstring theory, in particular as co-discoverer of the heterotic string that many in the particle theory community view as the most promising road to a fundamental theory underlying the unification of gravity with the Standard Model. After receiving his Ph.D., from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966, David Gross became a junior fellow at Harvard University. In 1969 he joined the faculty of Princeton University, where he was appointed Professor of Physics in 1972, and later Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics and Thomas Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics. In his current position Gross has taken an active and positive role in shaping scientific programs, and he has served with distinction on many national committees. His numerous honors include the Dirac Medal, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship Prize and membership in the American Physical Society, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. David Gross was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2007. | |
| 231 | Name: | Dr. Benedict H. Gross | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2017 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1950 | | | | | | |
Benedict Gross has contributed decisively to number theory, algebraic geometry, modular forms and group representations. Gross and Don Zagier solved the class number problem which had been formulated by APS member Karl Friedrich Gauss in 1798. This problem was to give an algorithm to list all discrete rings embedded in the complex numbers with a given class number. The class number is a measure of the failure of unique factorization in the ring. (The analogous problem for the real numbers was already solved by the ancient Greeks. There is only one discrete ring embedded in the real numbers, namely the integers. Euclid in 300 BC proved that unique factorization holds in the integers, hence its class number is 1, the minimum possible value.) The theorem of Gross and Zagier was one of the major achievements in number theory of the 20th century. Gross is an expert on analytic number theory, which exploits the striking relationships between analysis, in the sense of calculus, and arithmetic in the sense of counting. He has made many many diverse discoveries. Most recently, he has explored the role of exceptional Lie groups in number theory. His development of arithmetic invariant theory with Manjul Bhargava promises to generate a whole new field of future research. Together with Joe Harris, he developed a mathematics course for non-mathematicians at Harvard. This led to his popular book, The Magic of Numbers, co-authored with J. Harris, which provides a readable introduction to the patterns that emerge in number behavior and the often surprising applications of these patterns. | |
| 232 | Name: | Dr. Barbara J. Grosz | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 107 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
Barbara Grosz is Higgins Professor of Natural Sciences in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University and former Dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Educated at Cornell University and at the University of California, Berkeley, she is known for her seminal contributions to the fields of natural-language processing and multi-agent systems. Dr. Grosz developed some of the earliest and most influential computational models of discourse, dialogue systems, and models of collaboration. Her work helped establish these fields of inquiry and provides the framework for several collaborative multi-agent systems and human-computer interface systems.
Dr. Grosz was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2008. She is a Fellow and past President of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. She serves on the executive committee and is a former trustee of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. She is the recipient of the 2015 IJCAI Research Excellence Award, the ACM/AAAI Allen Newell Award for her groundbreaking research that crosses disciplines and for her role in the establishment and leadership of interdisciplinary institutions, the Berkeley Computer Science and Engineering Distinguished Alumna Award, as well as numerous awards from major computer science societies. In 2017 she received the Everett Mendelsohn Excellence in Mentoring Award from the Graduate Student Council at Harvard University as well as the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Association for Computational Linguistics Dr. Grosz was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003 and was elected Vice President of the Society in 2011. | |
| 233 | Name: | Dr. James Gunn | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1987 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
James Edward Gunn is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Astronomy at Princeton University Observatory. His range of abilities, including great skill in physical theory and applied mathematics, an outstanding capability in the design of novel and powerful instruments, and extensive experience as an observational astronomer with a keen choice of central problems, is unique in astronomy. Dr. Gunn's early theoretical work helped establish the current understanding of how galaxies form and properties of the space between galaxies. He also suggested important observational tests to confirm the presence of dark matter in galaxies. Much of Dr. Gunn's later work has involved leadership in major observational projects. He developed plans for one of the first uses of digital camera technology for space observation, a project that led to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the most extensive three-dimensional mapping of the universe ever undertaken. Dr. Gunn has worked as a scientist at JPL and taught at the University of California, Berkeley, the California Institute of Technology, the University of Washington, the University of Chicago, and Rice University. He was a deputy principal investigator on the Wide Field/Planetary Camera on the Hubble Space Telescope, served as the associate director of the Apache Point Observatory and is a MacArthur Fellow. He was also a project scientist and technical director for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. His numerous honors include the Royal Astronomical Society's Gold Medal, the National Medal of Science (2009) and membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Dr. Gunn earned his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1966 and has served on the faculty at Princeton since 1968. | |
| 234 | Name: | Dr. H. S. Gutowsky | | | Institution: | University of Illinois | | | Year Elected: | 1982 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | January 13, 2000 | | | | |
| 235 | Name: | Dr. F. Otto Haas | | | Institution: | Rohm & Haas | | | Year Elected: | 1967 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | 1/2/94 | | | | |
| 236 | Name: | Dr. Norman Hackerman | | | Institution: | Rice University & Robert A. Welch Foundation & University of Texas at Austin | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1912 | | | Death Date: | June 16, 2007 | | | | |
| 237 | Name: | George E. Hale | | | Year Elected: | 1902 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1871 | | | Death Date: | 02/21/1938 | | | | |
| 238 | Name: | Dr. Bertrand I. Halperin | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1990 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | | |
Bertrand Halperin is a theoretical physicist of great distinction who has made fundamental contributions to almost every facet of present-day condensed matter physics. He received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley and is currently Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard University. Dr. Halperin's research interests include many aspects of the theory of condensed matter systems and statistical physics. A major portion of his current research involves the theory of electron states and transport in small particles of a metal or semiconductor. Much of this work has been motivated by experiments carried out in various laboratories at Harvard. Dr. Halperin is Scientific Director of the Harvard Center for Imaging and Mesoscale Systems, which encourages interdisciplinary research and education in this area. Another major portion of Dr. Halperin's work concerns properties of two-dimensional electron systems at low temperatures in strong magnetic fields, or "quantum Hall systems". Experiments on these systems, since 1980, have revealed a succession of very surprising phenomena, which have required the introduction of a number of new theoretical methods for their explanation. Dr. Halperin has been involved in the development of several of these methods. A number of very puzzling experimental results still exist in this field, particularly in experiments involving bi-layer systems, which remain a challenge to theoretical understanding. Dr. Halperin's other current interests include superconductivity, transport in inhomogeneous systems, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments in porous media. Previous research interests have included quantum antiferromagnets in one and two dimensions, low-temperature properties of glasses, melting and other phase transitions in two-dimensional systems, and the theory of dynamic phenomena near a phase transition. Before joining the Harvard faculty in 1969, Dr. Halperin worked as a member of the technical staff at Bell Laboratories and served as an NSF postdoctoral fellow at the University of Paris. Dr. Halperin is the recipient of the American Physical Society's 1982 Oliver E. Buckley Prize and its 2019 Medal for Exceptional Achievement. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Bertrand Halperin was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1990. | |
| 239 | Name: | Dr. Sharon Hammes-Schiffer | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 2024 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1966 | | | | | | |
Sharon Hammes-Schiffer received her B.A. in Chemistry from Princeton University and her Ph.D. in Chemistry from Stanford University, followed by two years at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Her academic career has included faculty positions at the University of Notre Dame, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Yale University. She is currently a Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University. Her work encompasses the development of analytical theories and computational methods, as well as applications to experimentally relevant systems. She has devised theories of proton-coupled electron transfer and computational strategies for nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics and quantum chemistry, including the invention of the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) approach. She has used these approaches to investigate quantum mechanical effects in chemical, biological, and interfacial processes. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. She is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, American Chemical Society, and Biophysical Society. She has received the American Chemical Society Award in Theoretical Chemistry, the Royal Society Bourke Award, the Joseph O. Hirschfelder Prize in Theoretical Chemistry, and the Gibbs Medal Award. She is the Editor-in-Chief of Chemical Reviews and is on the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science and the Editorial Board for PNAS. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2024. | |
| 240 | Name: | Dr. William Happer | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | | | | |
Dr. William Happer, a Professor in the Department of Physics at Princeton University, is a specialist in modern optics, optical and radiofrequency of atoms and molecules, and spin-polarized atoms and nuclei. Born July 27, 1939 in Vellore, India, Dr. Happer's parents were Lt. Col. William Happer, a Scottish physician in the Indian Army, and Dr. Gladys Morgan Happer, a medical missionary from North Carolina. He received a B.S. degree in physics from the University of North Carolina in 1960 and his Ph.D. degree in physics from Princeton University in 1964. He began his academic career in 1964 at Columbia University as a member of the research and teaching staff of the physics department. While serving as a Professor of Physics he also served as Co-Director of the Columbia Radiation Laboratory from 1971-76, and as Director from 1976-79. In 1980 he joined the faculty at Princeton University. He was named the Class of 1909 Professor of Physics in 1988. On August 5, 1991, with the consent of the Senate, he was appointed Director of Energy Research in the Department of Energy by President George Bush. While serving in that capacity under Secretary of Energy James Watkins, he oversaw a basic research budget of some $3 billon, which included much of the federal funding for high energy and nuclear physics, material science, magnetic confinement fusion, environmental science, biology, the human genome project, and other areas. He remained at the DOE until May 31, 1993 to help during the transition to the Clinton Administration. He was reappointed Professor of Physics at Princeton University on June 1, 1993, and named Eugene Higgens Professor of Physics and Chair of the University Research Board in 1995. He has maintained an interest in applied as well as basic science, and he has served as a consultant to numerous firms, charitable foundations and governmental agencies. From 1987-90 he served as Chairman of the Steering Committee of JASON, a group of scientists and engineers who advise agencies of the Federal Government on matters of defense, intelligence, energy policy and other technical problems. He is a trustee of the MITRE Corporation, the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, and a co-founder in 1994 of Magnetic Imaging Technologies Incorporated (MITI), a small company specializing in the use of laser polarized noble gases for magnetic resonance imaging. MITI was purchased by Nycomed Amersham in 1999. He has published over 160 scientific papers. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. He was awarded an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship in 1966, an Alexander von Humboldt Award in 1976, the 1997 Broida Prize and the 1999 Davisson-Germer Prize of the American Physical Society and the Thomas Alva Edison Patent Award in 2000. Dr. Happer was married in 1967 to the former Barbara Jean Baker of Rahway, New Jersey. They have two grown children, James William and Gladys Anne. | |
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