Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(15)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(27)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(3)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(14)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(7)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(26)
| | • | 107 |
(1)
| | • | 200 |
(2)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(12)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(8)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(12)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(13)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(9)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(7)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(6)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(9)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(5)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(12)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(12)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(11)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(6)
| | • | 305 |
(7)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(19)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(3)
| | • | 402a |
(2)
| | • | 402b |
(1)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(9)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(14)
| | • | 404a |
(8)
| | • | 404b |
(4)
| | • | 404c |
(3)
| | • | 405 [401] |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(14)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(14)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(5)
| | • | 408 |
(2)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(10)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(8)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(42)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(1)
|
| | 161 | Name: | Dr. Sydney Brenner | | | Institution: | The Salk Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | April 5, 2019 | | | | | | |
Sydney Brenner was born in South Africa and studied medicine and science at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Working in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory, he received his D.Phil. degree from Oxford University in 1952. After briefly returning to South Africa, Dr. Brenner joined the Medical Research Council's Unit in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. He became the director of its successor, the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, in 1979. In 1987 he became director of the MRC's Unit of Molecular Genetics, retiring in 1992. His early research was in molecular genetics. Working with bacterophages and bacteria, he discovered messenger RNA (working with Jacob and Meselson) and, with Crick, showed that the code was composed of triplets. In the 1960s, he changed the direction of his work and began research on C. elegans, establishing it as a powerful experimental system for the analysis of complex biological processes. Believing that the techniques of cloning and sequencing would open up new ways of approaching genetics, he turned his attention to vertebrate genomics and established the pufferfish genome as a valuable tool in genome analysis. He served as the founder and president of the Molecular Sciences Institute, a private research institute in Berkeley, CA. His achievements were recognized with the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award (1971), both the Royal Medal (1974) and the Copley Medal (1991) from the Royal Society of London, and the Kyoto Prize (1990), to name just four of more than twenty such honors. In 1987 he was named a Companion of Honour. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1979. Sydney Brenner died April 5, 2019 in Singapore at the age of 92. | |
| 162 | Name: | Aristides Brexina | | | Year Elected: | 1886 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 163 | Name: | Ebbe S. Bring | | | Year Elected: | 1832 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 164 | Name: | Jean P. Brissot | | | Year Elected: | 1789 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1755 | | | | |
| 165 | Name: | Paul Broca | | | Year Elected: | 1872 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 166 | Name: | Waldemar C. Broegger | | | Year Elected: | 1899 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 167 | Name: | Lord Alec Broers | | | Institution: | University of Cambridge; Royal Academy of Engineering | | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
Sir Alec Broers' career has greatly illuminated the industrial application of physics. Specifically, his primary research interests concern the application of ultra violet light, electrons and x-rays to microscopy. Dr. Broers spent almost 20 years working for IBM in the United States; upon leaving the company in 1984, he became professor of electrical engineering at the University of Cambridge. He has served on numerous British government, EEC, and NATO committees including the U.K. Engineering and Physics Science and Research Council (EPSRC), the Cabinet Office Foresight Panel on Information Technology, and the NATO Special Panel on Nanoscience. A member of the Royal Society, he is also a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering. For six years he was Master of Churchill College and was elected Vice Chancellor of Cambridge University in 1996. He is currently Vice Chancellor Emeritus and Professor of Electrical Engineering Emeritus at Cambridge as well as president of the Royal Academy of Engineering. | |
| 168 | Name: | Denis W. Brogan | | | Year Elected: | 1971 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1900 | | | Death Date: | 1/5/74 | | | | |
| 169 | Name: | Dr. Louis-Victor de Broglie | | | Year Elected: | 1939 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1892 | | | Death Date: | 3/9/87 | | | | |
| 170 | Name: | Alexandre Brongniart | | | Year Elected: | 1819 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 171 | Name: | Heinrich G. Bronn | | | Year Elected: | 1860 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 172 | Name: | Luitzen E.J. Brouwer | | | Year Elected: | 1943 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1881 | | | Death Date: | 12/2/66 | | | | |
| 173 | Name: | Charles E. Brown-Sequard | | | Year Elected: | 1854 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 174 | Name: | Heinrich K. Brugsch | | | Year Elected: | 1869 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 175 | Name: | Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland | | | Institution: | World Health Organization | | | Year Elected: | 2002 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | | | | |
Gro Harlem Brundtland is a pioneering physician and international civil servant who has used her combination of scientific training, political skill and moral leadership to draw the world's attention to the challenges of sustainability and global health. She was appointed Prime Minister of Norway for the first time in 1981, at the age of 41, becoming the first woman and then the youngest person to hold that office. Dr. Brundtland served as Head of Government for more than 10 years. As chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development, she was responsible for the report "Our Common Future" in April 1987. This report introduced the influential concept of sustainability as humanity's capacity to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This report led to the first Earth Summit, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and to many subsequent activities to promote environmental protection with economic development. As Director-General of the World Health Organization since July 1998 (again, the first woman to hold that office), Dr. Brundtland has mobilized resources and provided moral and technical leadership to improve people's health everywhere. In 2007 she was chosen by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as a special envoy to the U.N. in addressing climate change. | |
| 176 | Name: | Ovide Bruney | | | Year Elected: | 1865 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 177 | Name: | Viscount James Bryce | | | Year Elected: | 1895 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 178 | Name: | E.A. Wallis Budge | | | Year Elected: | 1895 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 179 | Name: | Ilya Bujalsky | | | Year Elected: | 1833 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 180 | Name: | Edward C. Bullard | | | Year Elected: | 1969 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1907 | | | Death Date: | 4/3/80 | | | | |
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