APS Member History

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21	Name:	Dr. Kathleen Hall Jamieson
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1946

	Kathleen Hall Jamieson is the Walter and Leonore Annenberg Director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center and Elizabeth Ware Packard Professor of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg School for Communication. She earned a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin in 1972 and taught at the University of Maryland and the University of Texas prior to joining the University of Pennsylvania faculty in 1989. A leading analyst of the use of rhetoric and other media of communication in presidential politics in the United States, Hall Jamieson has been an advisor to Congress and the White House in addition to her roles as researcher, teacher and academic administrator. She is the author of Dirty Politics: Deception, Distraction and Democracy; Packaging the Presidency (for which she received the Speech Communication Association's Golden Anniversary Book Award); Eloquence in an Electronic Age (which received the Winans-Wichelns Book Award); Spiral of Cynicism: Press and Public Good (with J. Cappella); Echo Chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment; and, most recently, Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President, which won the 2019 R.R. Hawkins Award from the Association of American Publishers. In 2016 she was awarded the Henry Allen Moe Prize of the American Philosophical Society for her paper "Implications of the Demise of 'Fact' in Political Discourse" presented to the Society at its April 2013 Meeting and published in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, volume 159, no. 1, March 2015. In 2020 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and received the Academy's most prestigious award, the Public Welfare Medal.

22	Name:	Rev. John W. O'Malley
	Institution:	Georgetown University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1927
	Death Date:	September 11, 2022

	John W. O’Malley is University Professor at Georgetown University and is a specialist in the religious culture of early modern Europe, especially Italy. He earned his Ph.D. from Harvard University. Among his publications are Praise and Blame in Renaissance Rome (1979), which received the Marraro Prize from the American Historical Association, and Trent and All That (2000), which received the Roland Bainton Prize from the Sixteenth Century Studies Conference. The First Jesuits (1993) received the American Philosophical Society’s Jacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History and the Philip Schaff Prize from the American Society for Church History. It has been translated into twelve languages. A recent monograph, What Happened at Vatican II (2008), has been translated into Italian, French, and Polish. He has edited or co-edited a number of volumes, including three in the Collected Works of Erasmus series. His latest works on the Jesuits are The Jesuits and the Arts (2005), co-edited with Gauvin Alexander Bailey, and Constructing a Saint through Images (2008), an annotated facsimile of the 1609 illustrated life of Ignatius of Loyola attributed in part to Rubens. His recent monograph Trent: What Happened at the Council (2013) has been translated into four languages and received the John Gilmary Shea Prize from the American Catholic Historical Association. In 2015 he also published Catholic History for Today's Church: How Our Past Illuminates Our Present. Father O’Malley has lectured widely in North America and Europe. He is the past President of the American Catholic Historical Association and the Renaissance Society of America. He has been elected to the Accademia di san Carlo, Ambrosian Library, Milan, and was awarded the Johannes Quasten Medal by the Catholic University of America for distinguished scholarship in religious studies. Father O’Malley received the lifetime achievement award from the Society for Italian Historical Studies in 2002 and the corresponding awards from both the Renaissance Society of America in 2005 and the American Catholic Historical Association in 2012. In 2013 Father O’Malley was awarded the American Philosophical Society’s Henry Allen Moe Prize in the Humanities in recognition of his paper “The Council of Trent (1545–63) and Michelangelo’s Last Judgment (1541),” read at the Society’s November Meeting in 2011 and published in the Society's Proceedings in December 2012. He is a Roman Catholic priest and a member of the Society of Jesus. Father O’Malley was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1997 and served as its Vice President 2010 to 2016. Father O'Malley died on September 11, 2022 at the age of 95.

23	Name:	Dr. Leo P. Kadanoff
	Institution:	University of Chicago
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1937
	Death Date:	October 26, 2015

	Leo Kadanoff received a Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1960. He was a resident Fellow at the Bohr Institute of Theoretical Studies in Copenhagen from 1960-62. He was a professor of physics at the University of Illinois for seven years, then moved to Brown University as University Professor of Physics and professor of engineering. In 1978 he joined the faculty of the University of Chicago where he served as director of the University of Chicago Materials Research Laboratory for six years. He was the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Professor of Physics and Mathematics. Leo Kadanoff was the major figure in developing the scaling theory of thermodynamic phase transitions, following from M. E. Fisher's analysis of experimental data and foreshadowing K. G. Wilson's explicit mathematical expression of the scaling idea. Dr. Kadanoff in his early work was also one of the originators of the application of quantum field theory to many-body theory, and he had been the national leader in the study of complex non-linear systems, specializing in turbulence and in simulation studies of complex dynamic systems. He was among the world's most widely respected condensed matter physicists. He is the author of Electricity Magnetism and Heat, 1967, and co-author of Quantum Statistical Mechanics, 1963. Among his many honors, he has received the Buckley Prize and Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society, the Boltzmann Medal from the International Union of Pure & Applied Physics, the Wolf Foundation Award, the Grande Madaille d'Or from the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France, and in 2000 he received the National Medal of Science. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1997. Leo Kadanoff died October 26, 2015, at age 78, in Chicago, Illinois.

24	Name:	Dr. Kenneth I. Kellermann
	Institution:	National Radio Astronomy Observatory
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1937

	Dr. Kenneth I. Kellermann is a Senior Scientist at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory where he works on the study of radio galaxies, quasars and cosmology, on the development of new instrumentation for radio astronomy, and the history of radio astronomy. He also holds an appointment as a Research Professor at the University of Virginia and as an Outside Scientific member of the German Max Planck Society. Dr. Kellermann received his S.B. degree in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959 and his Ph. D. in physics and astronomy from Caltech in 1963. Following his Ph. D. he spent two years at the CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory in Australia. Since 1965 he has been at NRAO except for extended leaves at Caltech as a Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visitor, and in the Netherlands, Australia, and Germany. He has served as the Assistant Director at NRAO and as Director at the Max Planck Institute fur Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany. Dr. Kellermann is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He is a recipient of the Warner Prize of the American Astronomical Society, the Gould Prize of the National Academy of Sciences, and the Rumford Medal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He is a member of the International Astronomical Union, where he served as president of the Commission on Radio Astronomy, the American Astronomical Society, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the Astronomical Society of Australia. He has served on the Council of the National Academy of Sciences and on the Board of Trustees of the North East Radio Astronomy Corporation.

25	Name:	Dr. Robert A. Laudise
	Institution:	Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies & Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Rutgers University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	103. Engineering
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	8/20/98

26	Name:	Dr. Robert E. Lucas
	Institution:	University of Chicago
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1938
	Death Date:	May 15, 2023

	Robert Lucas, who was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1995, has been the single most influential intellectual force in macroeconomic theory in the past 30 years. He has led a generation of macroeconomists into a new style of work: explicitly dynamic, insistent on a particular equilibrium concept, attentive to the influence of expectation but insistent also on a particular way of formulating expectations and processing information. Dr. Lucas earned his B.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Chicago and joined the faculty of his alma mater in 1975 after an 11-year stint at Carnegie Mellon University. Since 1980 he has held the univeristy's John Dewey Distinguished Service Professorship in Economics.

27	Name:	Dr. Sabine G. MacCormack
	Institution:	University of Notre Dame
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1941
	Death Date:	June 16, 2012

	Sabine MacCormack was a historian of the Roman empire, late antiquity and the early modern Spanish world, with a special interest in the peoples and cultures of the Andes. She had worked on the reasons for, and consequences of, political and religious change, focusing on the impact of Christianity in the Roman Mediterranean and in the Andes. Another interest was the interrelation between word and image, language and visual culture in the Roman empire and early modernity. She worked on the impact of the classical tradition as formulated in Spain and of memories of the Inca empire on the development of early modern political cultures in the Andes. Her interest in teaching was focused on the nature of knowledge: on what we think we know, and why, and what we might actually know. She was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Professor of Arts and Letters at the University of Notre Dame at the time of her death June 16, 2012, at the age of 71. , Dr. MacCormack had previously taught at Stanford University and the University of Michigan. She earned B.A. and D.Phil. degrees from Oxford University.

28	Name:	Dr. Robert L. Middlekauff
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	March 10, 2021

	Robert L. Middlekauff was Preston Hotchkiss Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley. After earning his Ph.D. in history from Yale University in 1961, he became a member of Berkeley's faculty in 1962. In 1983 he became Director of the Huntington Library, Art Gallery, and Botanical Gardens. Dr. Middlekauff returned to the history department at Berkeley in 1988. Noted for his dedication to his students, he is the recipient of both the Berkeley Citation for Distinguished Achievement and Notable Service to the University (1983) and the Distinguished Teaching Award (1996). Dr. Middlekauff is in the first rank of historians of his generation. His studies of New England Puritan culture are a benchmark in a field that has reached a degree of sophistication above any other in American intellectual history. Major volumes by Dr. Middlekauff include The Mathers: Three Generations of Puritan Intellectuals, for which he received the 1972 Bancroft Prize, and Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies. He is also a frequent contributor of scholarly articles, chapters, and reviews in various journals and books. Robert Middlekauff was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1997. He died on March 10, 2021.

29	Name:	Dr. George L. Mosse
	Institution:	University of Wisconsin, Madison; Hebrew University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1918
	Death Date:	1/22/99

30	Name:	Dr. David Mumford
	Institution:	Brown University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1937

	David Mumford is a mathematician known both for his distinguished work in algebraic geometry and for his research into vision and pattern theory. Currently a professor emeritus in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University, he previously had a long academic career at Harvard University, where he became a full professor of mathematics at Harvard University at the age of 30. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1961. Dr. Mumford's work in geometry always combined the traditional geometric insights with the latest algebraic techniques. He published on moduli spaces, with a theory summed up in his book Geometric Invariant Theory, on the equations defining an abelian variety, and on algebraic surfaces. He essentially founded the subject of the global moduli of algebraic curves, and in 1974, he was awarded the highest distinction in mathematics, the Fields Medal. During the 1980s Dr. Mumford left algebraic geometry in order to study brain structure. He was a MacArthur Fellow from 1987-92, won the Shaw Prize in 2006, and was awarded the 2010 National Medal of Science. His current area of work is pattern theory.

31	Name:	Dr. Sanford Louis Palay
	Institution:	Harvard University & Boston College
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1918
	Death Date:	August 5, 2002

32	Name:	Mr. Itzhak Perlman
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	501. Creative Artists
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1945

	Israeli-born violinist Itzhak Perlman is known worldwide for his flawless technique and warm stage presence. Propelled into the international arena with his 1958 appearance on the "Ed Sullivan Show" at age 13, Mr. Perlman has since gone on to tour internationally both in recital and with orchestra and earned 13 Grammy awards for his recordings. Among the few classical artists to be on the cover of Newsweek magazine, he has appeared on television shows as diverse as the Tonight Show and Sesame Street. As a performer, speaker, teacher, collaborator and friend to countless young musicians, he is an invaluable ambassador for the human spirit and has transcended the traditional bounds of musicianship. Mr. Perlman was appointed artistic director of the Westchester Philharmonic, from 2008 to 2011. He will conduct the orchestra at three of its five programs for three seasons beginning in October 2008. In 2015 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2016 he was awarded the Genesis Prize.

33	Name:	Dr. Pierre Rosenberg
	Institution:	Musée du Louvre
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	After a distinguished career in a series of posts as conservateur at the Louvre Museum as well as Inspector General of France's museums, Pierre Rosenberg became President and Director of the Louvre in 1994. By then he had acquired international prestige as a specialist in French painting and drawing of the 17th and 18th centuries. Among his many books, works on Poussin, Chardin, and Fragonard have become classics in the field. He is the author of catalogues of the drawings of important painters such as Poussin, Watteau and David, as well as of public and private collections of art. He has participated in colloquia, congresses, and round tables throughout the world. He was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton) in 1977 and has been chairman of the French Committee on the History of Art. Dr. Rosenberg has been widely recognized for his achievements in art history, conservation, curatorship, and administration. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1990, to the Italian Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in 1995, and to the American Philosophical Society in 1997. In 1995 he joined the ranks of the "immortals" of France when he was elected to the Académie française. He is an Officier of the French Légion d'honneur. In 2001 he retired as President and Director of the Louvre.

34	Name:	Dr. Peter Schäfer
	Institution:	Princeton University & Freie Universität, Berlin
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	Peter Schäfer is the Ronald O. Perelman Professor of Jewish Studies and Professor of Religion at Princeton University and concurrently holds the chair of Jewish Studies at the Free University of Berlin. He was a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Oxford, Jerusalem and Yale, at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York and at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. In addition to the American Philosophical Society, he is a Fellow of the British Academy and of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and holds an honorary degree (Dr. theol.) from the University of Utrecht, Netherlands. In 1994 he was awarded the Leibniz Prize of 1.5 Million German Mark, the highest award for German scholars. In 2013 he received Princeton University's Howard T. Behrman Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities. Peter Schäfer has published extensively about rabbinic literature and history, early Jewish mysticism, and Wissenschaft des Judentums. He edited the corpus of Hekhalot literature, the Talmud Yerushalmi and (with Sh. Shaked) magical texts from the Cairo Geniza. His most recent books are Judeophobia: Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World, Cambridge, Mass. & London: Harvard University Press, 1997 (paperback edition 1998), Mirror of His Beauty: Feminine Images of God from the Bible to the Early Kabbalah, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002 (paperback 2004) and (as editor) The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2003.

35	Name:	The Honorable William Warren Scranton
	Institution:	United Nations
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1917
	Death Date:	July 28, 2013

	William Scranton had long served the public through his effective leadership on the state, national and international levels. He served as a Republican in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961-63, then as governor of Pennsylvania from 1963-67 and as United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1976-77. Known for his education reforms as governor and for his measured approach to diplomacy and interest in human rights as ambassador, Mr. Scranton received numerous honors, including the American Philosophical Society's Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Public Service in 1997. The citation read "in recognition of his leadership on the state, national and international level as a political leader who earned the respect of colleagues in both political parties. His voice of reason guided important studies which revealed what troubled American society at home, and suggested paths toward greater amity among nations." William Warren Scranton died July 28, 2013, at the age of 96 in Montecito, California.

36	Name:	Dr. Vincent Scully
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	504. Scholars in the Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	November 30, 2017

	Vincent J. Scully Jr. was born in New Haven, Connecticut and attended Hillhouse High School, on the site of what would later become Morse College, where he served as master from 1969-75. For a half a century he taught hundreds of students in packed lecture halls at Yale University. Even after retiring as Sterling Professor Emeritus of the History of Art, he was one of the university's most recognized scholars and has published many articles and more than a dozen books which span a wide spectrum of subject matter. Observing early in his teaching career that urban development during the 1950s tended to destroy neighborhoods by the imposition of freeways and superblocks, Dr. Scully argued fervently that the principles of modernism are incompatible with communal values. Several of his students have gone on to become important American architects, and his influence now manifests itself in the design of many urban and suburban sites throughout the nation. Among Dr. Scully's best-known works are The Shingle Style: Architectural Theory and Design from Richardson to the Origins of Wright; Frank Lloyd Wright; The Earth, the Temple, and the Gods: Greek Sacred Architecture; Louis I. Kahn; Pueblo: Mountain, Village, Dance; The Villas of Palladio; and Architecture: the Natural and the Manmade. Vincent J. Scully died on November 30, 2017 in Lynchburg, VA at the age of 97.

37	Name:	Dr. Amartya Kumar Sen
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1933

	Amartya Sen is Lamont University Professor at Harvard University and was until recently the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1998 he received the Nobel Prize in Economics for his "contributions to welfare economics." Educated at Presidency College in Calcutta and at Trinity College, Dr. Sen served as Professor of Economics at Delhi University and at the London School of Economics as well as Drummond Professor of Political Economy at Oxford University. He is past president of the Econometric Society, the Indian Economic Association, the American Economic Association and the International Economic Association. He is also a former president of OXFAM and continues to serve as its Honorary Advisory. Professor Sen's work ranges over a number of fields in economics, philosophy, and decision theory, including social choice theory, welfare economics, theory of measurement, development economics, moral and political philosophy, and the economics of peace and war. Amartya Sen's books include Collective Choice and Social Welfare (1970), On Economic Inequality (1973, 1997), Poverty and Famines (1981), Choice, Welfare and Measurement (1982), Resources, Values and Development (1984), On Ethics and Economics (1987), The Standard of Living (1987) Inequality Reexamined (1992), and Development as Freedom (1999). Rationality and Freedom (2004) was followed by a companion volume, Freedom and Justice. In 2009, he published The Idea of Justice, in 2013 An Uncertain Glory, and in 2016 The Country of the First Boys. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Professor Sen's work has been recognized with the "Bharat Ratna" (the highest honor awarded by the President of India), the Edinburgh Medal, the Eisenhower Medal, the National Humanities Medal (2011), the inaugural John Maynard Keynes Prize (2015), and the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science (2017). Amartya Sen was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1997.

38	Name:	Dr. Carla J. Shatz
	Institution:	Stanford University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	208. Plant Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	Carla Shatz conducts basic research in brain development and function that helps lead to a better understating of neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy and dyslexia, as well as learning and memory. She studies how neural signaling - first in the womb and later from what our senses pick up - sculpts and reinforces proper brain circuits as they form between nerve cells in the eye and brain. Dr. Shatz graduated from Radcliffe College in 1969 with a B.A. in chemistry and then won a Marshall Scholarship to study physiology at University College London. She was awarded a Harvard Junior Fellowship at Harvard Medical School, where she received a Ph.D. in neurobiology in 1976. In 1978 Dr. Shatz established her own lab at Stanford University where she became Professor of Neurobiology. In 1992, she moved to the University of California, Berkeley as professor and an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical School, then to Harvard Medical School as Nathan March Pusey Professor and Chair of the Department of Neurobiology. In 2007 she returned to Stanford as the Director of BioX. Her work has gained her numerous honors, including the Dana Award for Pioneering Achievement in Health and Education (1995), the Alcon Award for Outstanding Contributions for Vision Research (1997), the Bernard Sachs Award from the Child Neurology Society (1999), the Weizman Women and Science Award (2000), the Mortimer D. Sackler, M.D., Prize for Distinguished Achievement in Developmental Psychobiology (2013), the Gruber Prize (2015), and the Kavli Neuroscience Prize (2016). Her expertise on brain development and learning has led to service on many advisory panels including the White House Conference on Early Childhood Development and Learning in 1997. In 1992, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, in 1995 to the National Academy of Sciences, in 1997 to the American Philosophical Society, and in 1999 to the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Shatz is past president (1994-1995) of the 28,000 member Society for Neuroscience and served on the Council of the National Academy of Sciences from 1998-2001.

39	Name:	Dr. Ruth J. Simmons
	Institution:	Prairie View A&M University
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1945

	On December 4, 2017, Ruth J. Simmons was officially named the eighth president of Prairie View A&M University. She is the first woman to serve as president of the university. From 2001-2012, she served as the 18th president of Brown University. A French professor before entering university administration, Dr. Simmons previously held an appointment as a professor of comparative literature and of Africana studies at Brown. She graduated from Dillard University in New Orleans before completing her Ph.D. in Romance languages and literatures at Harvard University. She served in various administrative roles at the University of Southern California, Princeton University and Spelman College before becoming president of Smith College, the largest women's college in the United States, in 1995. At Smith, she launched a number of initiatives including an engineering program, the first at an American women's college. Dr. Simmons is the recipient of many honors, including a Fulbright Fellowship, the 2001 President's Award from the United Negro College Fund, the 2002 Fulbright Lifetime Achievement Medal, the 2004 Eleanor Roosevelt Val-Kill Medal, and the 2012 Susan Colver Rosenberger Medal of Honor. She has been a featured speaker in many public venues, including the White House, the World Economic Forum, the National Press Club, the American Council on Education, and the Phi Beta Kappa Lecture at Harvard University. In 2012, she was named a ‘chevalier’ of the French Legion of Honor.

40	Name:	Dr. Nancy Siraisi
	Institution:	City University of New York
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404c
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1932

	Nancy Siraisi is a MacArthur Fellow (2008) and Professor Emerita of History at Hunter College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, where she has served on the faculty since 1970. Her work spans six centuries of medical history, beginning with a distinguished study of the medieval university of Padua and continuing through the theory and practice of medicine in medieval and Renaissance Italy, a domain she has made her own. Her many books and articles are based on massive excavation of manuscripts and early printed sources and distinguished by their clarity of thought, elegance of argument and lucidity of style; more than half a millennium later, they have illuminated the theories and practices, the works and the lives of learned doctors from the beginning of modern learned medicine in Salerno to the great age of the high Renaissance anatomists. No historian has done more over the last thirty years to prove the vitality, the complexity or the lively interest of pre-modern Europe's traditions of Latin learning.

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