Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(15)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(27)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(3)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(14)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(7)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(26)
| | • | 107 |
(1)
| | • | 200 |
(2)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(12)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(8)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(12)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(13)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(9)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(7)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(6)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(9)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(5)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(12)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(12)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(11)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(6)
| | • | 305 |
(7)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(19)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(3)
| | • | 402a |
(2)
| | • | 402b |
(1)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(9)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(14)
| | • | 404a |
(8)
| | • | 404b |
(4)
| | • | 404c |
(3)
| | • | 405 [401] |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(14)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(14)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(5)
| | • | 408 |
(2)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(10)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(8)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(42)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(1)
|
| | 1321 | Name: | John B. Ward-Perkins | | | Institution: | British School in Rome | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1912 | | | Death Date: | 5/28/81 | | | | |
| 1322 | Name: | Ashton Warner | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 12/10/1721 | | | Death Date: | 4/7/1789 | | | | | | |
Ashton Warner (10 December 1721–7 April 1789) was a surgeon, planter, and public officeholder, and a member of the American Society and the American Philosophical Society, elected to both in 1768. Born into a prominent planter family in Antigua, he was sent to England to be educated in surgery. He was apprenticed to Isaac Rider of the Company of Barber-Surgeons and practiced in London before returning to the West Indies. He was a subscriber to Griffith Hughes’s Natural History of Barbados (1750) and to John Hawkeworth’s New Voyage Around the World (1774). He was also active in public affairs, serving as a member of the island’s Council and, in 1788, as its president. He lived in England for several years in the 1780s before returning to Antigua, where he died in 1789. His brothers Thomas Warner and Samuel Henry Warner were American Society members. (PI) | |
| 1323 | Name: | Samuel Warner | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 12/11/1733 | | | Death Date: | 2/13/1779 | | | | | | |
Samuel Henry Warner (11 December 1733–13 February 1779) was a Caribbean planter and public officeholder and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election to the American Society. Little is known of Warner, but he may have been educated in England like his elder brothers, American Society members Thomas Warner and Ashton Warner. Like them, Samuel was also a public officeholder, serving as deputy provost marshal of Antigua. He died in 1779. (PI) | |
| 1324 | Name: | Thomas Warner | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1716 | | | Death Date: | 6/2/1779 | | | | | | |
Thomas Warner (October 1716–2 June 1779) was attorney general of the Leeward Islands and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election to the American Society. He was born in the Islands and educated in England at Gray’s Inn. Upon his return to Antigua, he embarked on a successful legal practice. Following another trip to England for his health, he inherited the family plantation. Over the next several decades, Warner and his brothers held all of the colony’s major offices. He was appointed attorney general in 1758 and served as Speaker of the Assembly from 1769 to 1777. He died in 1779. His brothers Ashton Warner and Samuel Henry Warner were also American Society members. (PI) | |
| 1325 | Name: | John Washington | | | Year Elected: | 1839 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1326 | Name: | Sir Robert Tony Watson | | | Institution: | University of East Anglia | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
Sir Robert Tony Watson, CMG, FRS
My career has evolved from a Ph.D. student at QMC, London University; a post-doctoral fellow at University of California, Berkeley and University of Maryland, USA; a research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA; a Federal Government program manager/director at the US NASA; a scientific advisor in the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), White House, USA; a scientific advisor, manager and chief scientist at the World Bank; chief scientific advisor to the UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Sir Louis Matheson Fellow, Monash Sustainability Institute (MSI), Monash University, Australia, and Professor of Environmental Sciences and strategic director for the Tyndall Center at the University of East Anglia, UK. In parallel to my formal positions I have chaired, co-chaired or directed a number of national and international scientific, technical and economic assessments, including WMO/UNEP stratospheric ozone depletion assessments, Global Biodiversity Assessment, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, UK National Ecosystem Assessment and its Follow-on, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Intergovernmental Assessment of Agricultural Scientific and Technology for Development, and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. I have also been awarded a number of honours, including 2012 Knights Bachelor,UK, 2003, Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, UK; fellowships (2011, Fellow of the Royal Society, UK), and awards, including 2014, UN Champion of the World for Science and Innovation, 2010, Asahi Glass Blue Planet Prize, 2008, American Association for the Advancement of Science Award for International Scientific Cooperation, and I contributed to the 2007 - Nobel Peace Prize for the IPCC, which I chaired from 1997-2002. Sir Robert Tony Watson was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 1327 | Name: | Johannes D. van der Weals | | | Year Elected: | 1916 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1837 | | | | |
| 1328 | Name: | Sir David J. Weatherall | | | Institution: | University of Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | December 8, 2018 | | | | | | |
David Weatherall was a life-long student of the thalassemias. He was involved in identifying the general molecular nature of this group of hereditary anemias and in describing the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of both alpha- and beta-thalassemias. He also studied their influence on populations in many parts of the world and the role of malaria in determining their frequency. Both clinician and scientist, editor of the Oxford Textbook of Medicine and author of The New Genetics in Clinical Practice, Dr. Weatherall has played a significant role in bringing molecular genetics into the main stream of clinical medicine. He has been associated with the University of Oxford for more than thirty years as Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine (1974-92), Regius Professor of Medicine (1992-2000) and, after 2001, Regius Professor of Medicine Emeritus and Honorary Director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford. In 2002 he was appointed Chancellor of Keele University. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1988); the Royal Society (vice president, 1990-91); the National Academy of Sciences (1990); and the Institute of Medicine (1990). David Weatherall was elected a member of the American Philosophical society in 2005. He died on December 8, 2018 at the age of 85. | |
| 1329 | Name: | Dame Veronica Wedgwood | | | Institution: | University College of London | | | Year Elected: | 1969 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1910 | | | Death Date: | 3/9/97 | | | | |
| 1330 | Name: | Dr. Rüdiger Wehner | | | Institution: | University of Zürich | | | Year Elected: | 1993 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 208. Plant Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | | | | |
Rudiger Wehner is among the best scientists in Switzerland in the fields of animal behavior and behavioral ecology as well as in sensory physiology and the neurobiology of vision. A pioneer who unraveled the mechanisms of polarized light vision and celestial navigation in insects (ants and bees), including landmark orientations, he also succeeded in describing in detail the celestial compass and found an intellectual short cut to the insect brain. More recently Dr. Wehner turned his interests to ecological constraints and orientation in extreme desert habitats. Among his main contributions to zoology in general is his very valuable book Zoologie (with W. Gehring) that demonstrates Dr. Wehner's broad knowledge of the field. A former student of Martin Lindauer, Dr. Wehner is currently a professor in the Department of Zoology at the University of Zurich, where he has been a full professor since 1974. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Frankfurt in 1967. | |
| 1331 | Name: | Gustav Weil | | | Year Elected: | 1886 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 1332 | Name: | Dr. Stephen Weiner | | | Institution: | Weizmann Institute of Science | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
Stephen Weiner was born in Pretoria, South Africa. He obtained a BSc degree in chemistry and geology at the University of Cape Town, an MSc in marine geochemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a PhD at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, USA in 1977 working in the field of mineral formation in biology (biomineralization). In the same year he joined the faculty of the Weizmann Institute of Science. He is now a professor emeritus at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
Steve Weiner carries out research in two fields: biomineralization and archaeological science. His biomineralization research focusses on basic mechanisms of mineral formation in biology, on the functions of organic crystals in manipulating light in biology, as well as on structure – function relations in vertebrate mineralized tissues such as bones and teeth. His archaeological research focuses on addressing key questions in archaeology by studying both the visual macroscopic record, as well as revealing the microscopic record with the help of instrumentation. Much of this research is carried out on-site during the excavation. In 1989 he published a book entitled “On Biomineralization” with the late Prof H.A. Lowenstam, and in 2010 he published another book entitled “Microarchaeology: Beyond the Visible Archaeological Record”.
Prof Weiner has published over 350 peer reviewed papers and has a Google H index of 125. He is the recipient of the 2010 prize for excellence of the Israel Chemical Society, the 2011 Aminoff Prize for Crystallography from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and he received the 2013 Pomerance Award for Scientific Contributions to Archaeology from the Archaeological Institute of America. In 2022 he will receive the gold medal of the Israel Chemistry Society; its highest award. | |
| 1333 | Name: | Albin Weisbach | | | Year Elected: | 1885 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 1334 | Name: | August Weismann | | | Year Elected: | 1906 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1335 | Name: | Dr. Robin A. Weiss | | | Institution: | University College London | | | Year Elected: | 2018 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | | | | |
Robin Weiss is Emeritus Professor of Viral Oncology at University College London. He has spent most of his career conducting research on oncogenic viruses and on HIV. He is noted for his contributions to the discovery of endogenous retroviral genomes and for identifying CD4 as the HIV receptor. His expanded his research on avian endogenous retroviruses inherited through the host genome to consider mammalian retroviruses including the potential infection hazard by these agents in xenotransplantation of pig tissues to humans. He studied viral oncogenes and viruses involved in AIDS-linked malignancies such as Kaposi’s sarcoma. He showed that in dogs, a sexually transmitted tumor cell clone emerged around 10,000 years ago which has colonized dogs worldwide and continues to spread as a ‘parasite’. He applied pseudotype techniques originally devised for retroviruses to the study of receptors and antibody neutralization for other viruses such as influenza, rabies and ebola. He recently exploited single-chain llama nanobodies for HIV vaccines and diagnostics and he currently investigates the history of infectious diseases. Weiss was Director of Research at the Institute of Cancer Research, London, 1980-1999, and was President of the Society for General Microbiology, 2006-2009. He has chaired the Scientific Advisory Board of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative and served on the Board of Directors of the Africa Health Research Institute and on the Nuffield Council for Bioethics. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences. | |
| 1336 | Name: | Arthur Wellesley | | | Institution: | Wellington College | | | Year Elected: | 1993 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | December 31, 2014 | | | | | | |
Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, was a British peer and retired brigadier in the British Army. Born in Rome in 1915, he attended Eton and New College, Oxford before joining the British Army and serving in World War II. He became defense attache to Spain in 1964 and retired from the army in 1968 as a brigadier, receiving the Military Cross for his service. Beginning in the mid-1960s the Duke has served as director of Massey Ferguson Holdings, Ltd. And as governor of Wellington College. He was also vice president of the Royal British Legion, president of the Atlantic Salmon Trust and vice president of the Kennel Club. An effective promoter of conservation and environmental programs, he led organizations such as the Game Conservancy, the Council for Environmental Conservation and the Rare Breeds Survival Trust and opened the estate of the original Duke of Wellington for public enjoyment, planting more than one million trees throughout the 550-acre preserve. He died December 31, 2014, at the age of 99. | |
| 1337 | Name: | Benjamin West | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 10/10/1738 | | | Death Date: | 3/10/1820 | | | | | | |
Benjamin West (10 October 1738–10 March 1820) was a painter and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election to the American Society. It was in Springfield Township (in the portion now Swarthmore, PA) that West’s life—and by his lights, his childhood ascent to greatness—began. His parents were taverners and birthright (if unconvinced) Quakers, and Benjamin’s faith, too, appears nominal—but his early suffusion in the twined spiritualisms of both worlds bled into his later years. His origin story was among the barstool yarns he learned to spin early and spun often: Indians taught him how to use berries to make his first paints; he puckishly plucked his cat’s tail to make his first brush. Less in doubt: a gift for revealing the inner light of the portrait subjects who served as his stock and trade in his early years. Minimally schooled academically or artistically, West nevertheless found himself a patron in APS member William Smith, first provost of the College of Philadelphia, who worked to remediate West’s learning and inserted him into the circle of other young talents and would-be APS members Hopkinson, Duché, Godfrey, and Reed. At age twenty-two, West sailed for Italy with the young John Allen and Joseph Shippen to study the masters and “take a ramble,” and for three years Philadelphia patrons supported his studies. Artistic talent (quickly an honorary member of many Italian academies) and American affability (his exclamation on seeing the famed Apollo Belvedere—“how like it is to a young Mohawk warrior!”)—established him as the talk of the town. Consequently, West’s arrival in London in 1763 was preceded by his reputation. From there, his star’s ascent only hastened. Within a year, folks called him the American Raphael; his exhibited works, edging toward his fusion of realism and neo-romanticism, won wide praise. From the leading personages like Dr. Johnson and Mr. Burke to King George III himself, West won introductions. After completing The Departure of Regulus from Rome under the king’s commission, the royal named West the “Historical Painter to His Majesty” in 1772, paying a princely 1,000 guineas annually. But West continued to push boundaries despite being a pensioner: so radical indeed was the masterwork The Death of General Wolfe (1770), with its uniformed and loin-clothed subjects in their bittersweet moment of triumph over the French at the Battle of Quebec (1759) in the Seven Years’ War that the King refused to buy it. Yet it was but the first demonstration of the blurred lines of artifice and artistry that West now bent to his will to become a signature style.
His home became a regular stop for Americans and Philadelphians, particularly. For example, despite living in Europe for his adult life, his continued contact with Benjamin Franklin led to Franklin’s standing as godfather to West’s second son. And West played a crucial role in mentoring APS member John Trumbull, whose works formed the image of the American Revolution in the popular mind, then and for posterity. (West, firmly at home in London, planned but wisely decided to forego a series of celebratory paintings.) Among his many honors was his 1792 election as president of the Royal Academy, a tricky administrative post saturated in politicking, made all the trickier by suspicions of his sympathies with the French Revolutionaries; his visitation of Napoleon in 1802 (and election to the Institut National) amplified those fears. Though the king suspended West’s royal appointment briefly in 1801, his personal charm and continued productivity kept him in the post through 1811. He remained highly sought and widely lauded. When the Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital asked him to paint a work to adorn the first American hospital in 1800, the resultant Christ Healing the Sick in the Temple (1801) was so striking that West accepted a record 3,000 guineas from the British Institution who aspired to make it the centerpiece of a national gallery. He completed a copy for the Hospital in 1815, and visitation admissions raised over $25,000 for the hospital over nearly three decades. In all, West wrought more than 700 known works before his death in 1820. (PI, DNB, ANB) | |
| 1338 | Name: | Dr. Martin Litchfield West | | | Institution: | All Souls College, University of Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | Death Date: | July 13, 2015 | | | | | | |
Martin Litchfield West wrote the following biography in 2010, the year he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. He died July 13, 2015, at the age of 77.
I was born in London on 23 September 1937, the first child of Maurice Charles West, Civil Engineer, and his wife Catherine. We lived through the Second World War at Hampton, Middlesex, far enough out of London to receive only occasional bombs in the neighborhood, though the house was damaged one night.
The first seven years of my education were spent at a local primary school. Then I was put into the more challenging and stimulating milieu of Colet Court, the junior school attached to one of the major British independent schools, St. Paul's, and after three years I graduated to the main school. There was a strong emphasis there on Latin and Greek, which suited my growing interest in languages, and I had some excellent teachers. In 1955 I went with a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, to pursue the four-year Literae Humaniores course. Among those who taught and influenced me there were Gordon Williams (my college tutor), E. R. Dodds, and Eduard Fraenkel, whose famous seminars were a daunting test-bed for fledgling scholars.
In 1959 I embarked on graduate work, choosing Hesiod as my area of study and Hugh Lloyd-Jones as my supervisor. He did me a great service by arranging for me to spend the next summer semester in Germany under Reinhold Merkelbach. Besides raising my German to a state of fluency, those months opened my eyes to different approaches, and I made the acquaintance of such powerful scholars as Walter Burkert, Rudolf Kassel, and Winfried Bühler, who were to remain lifelong friends.
Before leaving for Germany I had been elected to a three-year Junior Research Fellowship at St. John's College, Oxford, which I took up on my return. On the last day of 1960 I married my wife Stephanie, whom I had met at Fraenkel's seminars; she was now also doing graduate work and was to establish herself as a scholar in her own right. In 1963, following several unsuccessful applications for permanent positions in universities, I had the good fortune to be offered a Fellowship in Oxford at University College. The same summer we had our first child and I completed my doctoral thesis, a commentary on Hesiod's Theogony (augmented with a critical text and published in 1966).
I taught at University College for eleven years, while continuing to publish. In the fall of 1967 I spent a sabbatical term at Harvard as a visiting lecturer - my first experience of the USA. In 1974 I was asked whether I would be interested in the chair in Greek at Bedford College, London; it was intimated that I could continue to live in Oxford, where Stephanie was now employed and where our children were at school. I accepted the offer and began a new life of travelling up to London for a few days each week.
The London University scene, initially tranquil, became turbulent in the early eighties. There was official pressure for 'rationalization,' for mergers of colleges and departments, and after strenuous discussions it came about that Bedford merged with Royal Holloway College. This meant that my workplace was transferred from central London to a site out in Surrey, a little closer to Oxford but more awkward to reach by public transport. This forced me, at the age of 47, to learn to drive a car, something I had never before needed to do but much enjoyed doing once I mastered it.
During my London period I had two further memorable extended stays abroad: in 1980 a month in Japan as a guest of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and in 1986 a quarter as Visiting Professor at UCLA.
In 1991 I was successful with an application for a Senior Research Fellowship at All Souls College Oxford, as desirable a position as any in the academic world, and one that freed me from the regular commuting to Surrey and from increasingly tiresome administrative chores. It gave me the leisure to apply myself to learning Akkadian and some other Semitic languages, which I wanted to do in order to write a book on West Asiatic elements in early Greek poetry (The East Face of Helicon, 1997). I believe it is valuable for a classicist to learn other ancient languages besides Greek and Latin, and as a result of doing so I have been able, since 1994, to publish half a dozen articles on Mesopotamian and Iranian topics, and recently to complete a translation of Zoroaster's Gathas (to appear in August 2010). In 2000 my work received a wholly unexpected tribute in the form of the international Balzan Prize for Classical Antiquity.
I reached the statutory age of retirement in 2004, and my status at All Souls changed to that of Emeritus Fellow. I remain active in research and publication, and take pleasure in the tokens of recognition that continue to descend on me from time to time, such as the Festschrift produced for my 70th birthday in 2007, the honorary doctorate conferred by the University of Cyprus in 2008 (which came with a splendiferous robe and hat), and most recently my election to the American Philosophical Society.
Martin West | |
| 1339 | Name: | John O. Westwood | | | Year Elected: | 1883 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 1340 | Name: | Count Gustavus Wetterstedt | | | Year Elected: | 1821 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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