Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(15)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(27)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(3)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(14)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(7)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(26)
| | • | 107 |
(1)
| | • | 200 |
(2)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(12)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(8)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(12)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(13)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(9)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(7)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(6)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(9)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(5)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(12)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(12)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(11)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(6)
| | • | 305 |
(7)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(19)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(3)
| | • | 402a |
(2)
| | • | 402b |
(1)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(9)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(14)
| | • | 404a |
(8)
| | • | 404b |
(4)
| | • | 404c |
(3)
| | • | 405 [401] |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(14)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(14)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(5)
| | • | 408 |
(2)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(10)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(8)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(42)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(1)
|
| | 541 | Name: | President Václav Havel | | | Institution: | Former President of the Czech Republic | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | Death Date: | December 18, 2011 | | | | | | |
One of the world's shining lights in the struggle for truth and freedom, playwright, essayist and prisoner of conscience Vaclav Havel served as president of the Czech (formerly Czecho-Slovak) Republic 1989 to 2003. Living proof of the proposition that intellectuals can greatly influence that struggle, Mr. Havel authored the "Velvet Revolution" in his country that peacefully swept the Communist regime from power and put the Czechs at the forefront of the Central and Eastern European nations converting to democracy. As an author, Mr. Havel had been awarded numerous international prizes, including the Austrian State Prize for European Literature (1968), the Olof Palme Prize (1989) and the Simon Bolivar Prize (1990). Among his many books and plays are Garden Party (1963), Protest (1978), Slum Clearance (1988), Disturbing the Peace (1990) and The Art of the Impossible (1997). His memoir, To the Castle and Back, was published in 2007, and his first play in 18 years, "Odchazeni" ("On Departure") had its premiere at the Archa Theater in Prague in 2008. Prior to his country's democratization, Mr. Havel's work was frequently suppressed by Czecho-Slovak authorities, and as spokesman for the Charter 77 human rights movement, he was variously persecuted, imprisoned and placed under house arrest for "subversive" and "antistate" activities. As a politician, he has been honored worldwide and in 1994 was presented with the presitigious Philadelphia Liberty Medal. In 1990 he led his nation to free elections, and even as former Czech Head of State, he continued to be recognized as a moral authority due to his courageous and unyielding stance through the years of Communist totality.
Vaclav Havel died on December 18, 2011 at the age of 75 in norther Bohemia, Czech Republic. | |
| 542 | Name: | William Hawes | | | Year Elected: | 1805 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 543 | Name: | Dr. Stephen William Hawking | | | Institution: | University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1984 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | Death Date: | March 13, 2018 | | | | | | |
Stephen William Hawking was born in 1942 in Oxford, England. He attended St. Albans School at age eleven and went on to University College, Oxford, where he studied physics, and Cambridge, where he conducted research in cosmology. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Dr. Hawking came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and from 1979 held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, a position previously held by, among others, Isaac Barrow and Isaac Newton. Stephen Hawking had long studied the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied that space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great scientific development of the first half of the 20th century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science. Dr. Hawking's many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime (with G. F. R. Ellis); General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey ; and 300 Years of Gravity (both with W. Israel). Dr. Hawking also published several popular books: his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays, and The Grand Design (2010). Professor Hawking held twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He was the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009) and the Fundamental Physics Prize (2012), and was a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the National Academy of Sciences. He became the first distinguished research chair at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada's leading scientifc trust, in 2008. Stephen Hawking died March 13, 2018, at age 76, in Cambridge, England. | |
| 544 | Name: | Dr. J. D. Hawkins | | | Institution: | School of Oriental and African Languages, University of London | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 403. Cultural Anthropology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | Death Date: | February, 2024 | | | | | | |
John David Hawkins received an M.A. at Oxford University in 1965. He began his career at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London as a research fellow in 1964 and has been Professor of Ancient Anatolian Languages since 1993. At the beginning of the 20th century next to nothing was known about the eight or so different languages of the Hittite archives. Now we can read and understand most of the texts. The history of Anatolia, 1000-700 B.C., used to be known only from the point of view of the Assyrians (the future conquerors). Now that the local sources have been opened up in all their richness, everything is changed. These are discoveries that match in brilliance the most far-reaching scientific accomplishments in scholarly history, and in large measure they are due to David Hawkins and to his work of thirty years. J. D. Hawkins in the author of (with S. Dalley and C.B.F. Walker) Old Babylonian Tablets from Tell al-Rimah (1976); The Hieroglyphic Inscription of the Sacred Pool Complex at Bogazköy-Hattusa (1995); Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions (4 volumes, 1998). He was the editor of IRAQ (Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq) from 1976-1995. J. D. Hawkins served as honorary secretary for the British School of Archaeology in Iraq from 1976-85. He is a member of the British Academy and was elected a foreign member of the American Philosophical Society in 1998. | |
| 545 | Name: | Dr. Seamus Heaney | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | Death Date: | August 30, 2013 | | | | | | |
Born and educated in Northern Ireland, Seamus Heaney is widely recognized as Ireland's greatest poet since William Butler Yeats. His carefully crafted work received international praise for its powerful imagery, meaningful content, musical phrasing and compelling rhythms. In 1996, Seamus Heaney was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Educated at St. Columb's College and Queen's University in Belfast, he worked as a teacher at college and university level in Belfast in the 1960s, moving with his family to the Irish Republic in 1972. After some years as an independent writer, he resumed work as a college lecturer. In 1982 he began his long association with Harvard University, coming and going for a term each year until 1996. At that time, he resigned the Boylston Professorship to begin a more flexible affiliation as Ralph Waldo Emerson Poet in Residence, a position he resigned in 2007. Between 1989 and 1994 he also served as Professor of Poetry at Oxford University. Since the publication of Death of a Naturalist in 1966, Mr. Heaney produced many works of poetry, criticism and translation. Opened Ground: Poems 1966-1996 appeared in 1998 and Finders Keepers, his selected prose, in 2002. Other recent publications include Beowulf: A New Verse Translation (1998) and Electric Light (2001). His version of Sophocles' Antigone, entitled The Burial at Thebes, was produced as part of the Abbey Theatre's centenary celebrations. In 2007 he won the T.S. Eliot Prize for Poetry for his latest collection, District and Circle and in 2009 he won the Royal Irish Academy's Cunningham Medal. Seamus Heaney was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2000. He died on August 30, 2013, at the age of 74, in Dublin. | |
| 546 | Name: | Eli F. Heckscher | | | Year Elected: | 1940 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1879 | | | Death Date: | 12/23/52 | | | | |
| 547 | Name: | Oswald Heer | | | Year Elected: | 1862 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 548 | Name: | Roger Jean Heim | | | Year Elected: | 1959 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1900 | | | Death Date: | 9/17/79 | | | | |
| 549 | Name: | Friedrich A. von Heintz | | | Year Elected: | 1789 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 550 | Name: | Werner Heisenberg | | | Year Elected: | 1937 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1901 | | | Death Date: | 2/1/76 | | | | |
| 551 | Name: | Hermann L.F. von Helmholtz | | | Year Elected: | 1873 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 552 | Name: | Thomas Henry | | | Year Elected: | 1786 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1734 | | | | |
| 553 | Name: | Samuel G. Hermelin | | | Year Elected: | 1785 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1746 | | | | |
| 554 | Name: | Sir William Herschel | | | Year Elected: | 1785 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1739 | | | | |
| 555 | Name: | Sir John F.W. Herschel | | | Year Elected: | 1854 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 556 | Name: | Dr. Avram Hershko | | | Institution: | Technion-Israel Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | | |
Avram Hershko was born in 1937 in Karcag, Hungary and emigrated with his family to Israel in 1950. He gained his M.D. (1965) and Ph.D. (1969) from the Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School of Jerusalem, a period which included service as a physician in the Israel Defence Forces (1965-67). After a post-doctoral fellowship with Gordon Tomkins at the University of San Francisco (1969-72), he joined the faculty of the Haifa Technion, becoming professor in 1980. He is now Distinguished Professor in the Unit of Biochemistry in the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine of the Technion. His main research interests concern the mechanisms by which cellular proteins are degraded, a formerly neglected field of study. Dr. Hershko and his colleagues showed that cellular proteins are degraded by a highly selective proteolytic system. This system tags proteins for destruction by linkage to a protein called ubiquitin, which had previously been identified in many tissues, as the name suggests, but whose function was previously unknown. Subsequent work in Dr. Hershko's and many other laboratories has shown that the ubiquitin system has a vital role in controlling a wide range of cellular processes, such as the regulation of cell division, signal transduction and DNA repair. Abnormalities in the ubiquitin system result in diseases such as certain types of cancer. The full range of functions of the ubiquitin system in health and disease has still to be elucidated. Dr. Hershko was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2004) jointly with his former Ph.D. student Aaron Ciechanover and their colleague Irwin Rose. His many honors include the Israel Prize for Biochemistry (1994), the Gardner Award (1999), the Lasker Prize for Basic Medical Research (2000), the Wolf Prize for Medicine (2001) and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Award (2001). Dr. Hershko is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences (2000) and a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (2003). | |
| 557 | Name: | Ejnar Hertzsprung | | | Year Elected: | 1941 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1873 | | | Death Date: | 10/21/67 | | | | |
| 558 | Name: | Dr. Gerhard Herzberg | | | Institution: | Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1904 | | | Death Date: | 3/3/99 | | | | |
| 559 | Name: | William Hewson | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 11/14/1739 | | | Death Date: | 5/6/1774 | | | | | | |
William Hewson (14 November 1739–6 May 1774) was a physiologist and anatomy professor, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via the absorption of the Medical Society by the American Society in 1768. Born in Hexham, Northumberland to a large family headed by a namesake apothecary and surgeon, his medical studies started in London in 1759, leading him to spend a year at Edinburgh starting in 1761, before continuing his studies in London with Dr. William Hunter. As Hunter’s assistant, he prepared dissections and often lectured in Hunter’s stead—it was in this role that he met APS Member Dr. John Morgan, who likely nominated Hewson to the Medical Society. His research, especially in lymphatic systems in humans and other animals, won him the Royal Society’s Copley Medal in 1769 and election as a Fellow in 1770—a de facto victory in a running dispute with another anatomist regarding who made such discoveries first. Hewson immediately charmed his bride-to-be, Mary Stevenson, at their first meeting, according to her own reportage to longtime friend and correspondent Benjamin Franklin. At the wedding, Franklin gave Mary away, and later served as godfather to their first child. Married life quite suited Hewson, and he resolved to dissolve his partnership with Dr. Hunter in 1772 so he might be more available—the resulting squabble over ownership of the anatomical preparations took Franklin’s arbitration to resolve. Hewson turned to lecturing, midwifery, and surgery, and appeared to have found a favorable balance between work and family life. But in 1774, Hewson cut his finger while dissecting and the wound festered; the resulting infection took his life after ten days, just three months before the birth of his third babe. With an income of her own, Mary persisted and finally emigrated to Philadelphia at Franklin’s urging in 1786; the two sons attended the University of Pennsylvania and one became a physician himself and later president of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. (PI) | |
| 560 | Name: | Corneille J. F. Heymans | | | Year Elected: | 1962 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1892 | | | Death Date: | 7/19/68 | | | | |
| |