Class
| • | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | [X] |
| | 521 | Name: | Dr. Irwin I. Shapiro | | | Institution: | Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | | | | |
Irwin Shapiro formerly directed the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, arguably the world's largest astronomical research institution, and has been Timken University Professor at Harvard since 1997 and Schlumberger Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology since 1985. He proposed and, with colleagues, verified the fourth test of general relativity, now called the "Shapiro effect." With a former student he initiated the revolution in geodesy based on the use of GPS signals to determine via interferometry the vector distance between points on the Earth with errors at the millimeter level. Strongly advocating improved pre-college science teaching, he has sponsored a cutting-edge educational group at the Center for Astrophysics and has guided the preparation of imaginative new texts and hands-on materials. Dr. Shapiro holds a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard (1955) and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1969); the National Academy of Sciences (1974); and the American Astronomical Society (division chairman, 1970-71) and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; the American Geophysical Union; and the American Physical Society. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1998. | |
| 522 | Name: | Harlow Shapley | | | Year Elected: | 1922 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1886 | | | Death Date: | 10/20/72 | | | | |
| 523 | Name: | Dr. Frank H. Shu | | | Institution: | National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | Death Date: | April 22, 2023 | | | | | | |
In 2003 Frank Shu left his University Professor position at the University of California, Berkeley to become president of "Taiwan's MIT," National Tsing Hua University. In 2007, he returned to the University of California - this time UC San Diego. He initially made his reputation with the density wave theory of spiral arms in spiral galaxies (with C.C. Lin) and has developed a picture of how stars are formed in pressure waves in these gas clouds. His work on star formation today provides the basic framework guiding both theory and observation. More recently he has turned to the distribution of chondrules in meteorites to help understand the formation of planets from stellar disks. A particularly lucid lecturer, his text, The Physical Universe, is considered "the Feynman Lectures of astronomy." Dr. Shu was awarded the Shaw Prize in Astrophysics in 2009. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1987); the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1992); the Academia Sinica; and the American Astronomical Society (president, 1994-96). | |
| 524 | Name: | Dr. Howard E. Simmons | | | Institution: | DuPont | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | 4/26/97 | | | | |
| 525 | Name: | Dr. John A. Simpson | | | Institution: | Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | August 31, 2000 | | | | |
| 526 | Name: | Dr. John H. Sinfelt | | | Institution: | Exxon Mobil Research and Engineering Co. | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | Death Date: | May 28, 2011 | | | | | | |
A leading scientist in catalysis by metals, John H. Sinfelt was Senior Scientific Advisor Emeritus at Exxon Mobil Research and Engineering Company at his death on May 28, 2011. He was affiliated with the company since 1954, the year he was awarded his Ph.D. by the University of Illinois. Credited with discovering that a combination of metals insoluble in the bulk is the ideal catalyst for making unleaded gasoline with minimal waste of off-gas, Dr. Sinfelt also found that these metals could form bimetallic clusters in sizes of 10-30 A on Al2O3 or SiO2 and established the first practical catalys from Pt-Ir. Dr. Sinfelt's contributions have been recognized with the National Medal of Science and awards from engineering, chemical and physical societies. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. | |
| 527 | Name: | Dr. I. M. Singer | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1985 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | February 11, 2021 | | | | | | |
Noted for his work with Sir Michael Atiyah on the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, I.M. Singer was Institute Professor of Mathematics Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He began his teaching career at M.I.T. in 1950 after earning a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. In addition to spending much of his career at M.I.T, he has also served on the faculties of the University of California, Los Angeles (1952-54), Columbia University (1955), the Institute for Advanced Study (1955-56) and Harvard University (1984-). In his research Dr. Singer has covered deeper analytic properties of partial differential equations on manifold turnout that depend on ideas from differential geometry. He made decisive advances in this direction and applied his understanding of geometry to the use of fiber bundles for Yang-Mills fields, sparking a convergence between theoretical physics and mathematics. Additionally, his spectacular development of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem described how the index of an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold can be determined by topolotical variance. He has applied these ideas to Yang-Mills fields in stantors and non-abelian theories. Dr. Singer has been honored with the National Medal of Science (1983), the American Mathematical Society's Bocher Prize (1969) and the Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement (2000) and with membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. He has also served as chairman of the NAS Committee on Science and Public Policy (1976-80). He died on February 11, 2021. | |
| 528 | Name: | John Clarke Slater | | | Year Elected: | 1940 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1900 | | | Death Date: | 7/25/76 | | | | |
| 529 | Name: | Dr. Charles P. Slichter | | | Institution: | University of Illinois | | | Year Elected: | 1971 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | February 19, 2018 | | | | | | |
Internationally recognized in condensed matter physics, Charles Slichter was one of the world's top research scientists in the area of magnetic resonance and a leading innovator in applications of resonance techniques to understanding the structure of matter. Dr. Slichter's deep physical insight and elegant experimental mastery have allowed him to make seminal contributions to an extraordinarily broad range of problems of both great theoretical interest and technological importance in physics and chemistry. Dr. Slichter received his A.B. (1946), M.A. (1947), and Ph.D. (1949) degrees from Harvard College, all in physics. During World War II, he worked as a research assistant at the Underwater Explosives Research Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts while an undergraduate at Harvard. He went to the University of Illinois in 1949 as an instructor in physics, was promoted to assistant professor in 1951, to associate professor in 1954, and to full professor in 1955. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1967, to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1969, and to the American Philosophical Society in 1971. He had received the Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics (American Physical Society, 1969), the Triennial Prize (International Society of Magnetic Resonance, 1986), the Comstock Prize (National Academy of Sciences, 1993), and the Oliver E. Buckley Prize in Condensed Matter Physics (American Physical Society, 1996), and the 2007 National Medal of Science. Although he retired from teaching in 1996, Dr. Slichter maintained an active research program. His textbook, Principles of Magnetic Resonance, in its third printing, has served as the standard in the field for three and a half decades. He directed the Ph.D. research of 63 Illinois graduates, a group that is contributing immeasurably to industry and academia. Charles Slichter died February 19, 2018, at the age of 94. | |
| 530 | Name: | Vesto M. Slipher | | | Year Elected: | 1921 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1876 | | | Death Date: | 11/8/69 | | | | |
| 531 | Name: | Donald D. Van Slyke | | | Year Elected: | 1938 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1883 | | | Death Date: | 5/4/71 | | | | |
| 532 | Name: | Dr. Cyril S. Smith | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1955 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1903 | | | Death Date: | 8/25/92 | | | | |
| 533 | Name: | Dr. Charles P. Smyth | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1932 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1895 | | | Death Date: | 3/18/90 | | | | |
| 534 | Name: | Dr. Henry DeWolf Smyth | | | Year Elected: | 1947 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1898 | | | Death Date: | 9/11/86 | | | | |
| 535 | Name: | Dr. Susan Solomon | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1956 | | | | | | |
Susan Solomon is widely recognized as one of the leaders in the field of atmospheric science. After receiving her Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981, she was employed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as a research scientist. She retired in 2011 after 30 years with NOAA. In 2012 she joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where she serves as the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Atomospheric Chemistry & Climate Science in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.
Her scientific papers have provided not only key measurements but also theoretical understanding regarding ozone destruction, especially the role of surface chemistry. In 1986 and 1987 she served as the head project scientist of the National Ozone Expedition at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, and made some of the first measurements there that pointed towards chlorofluorocarbons as the cause of the ozone hole. In 1994, an Antarctic glacier was named in her honor in recognition of that work. In March of 2000 she received the National Medal of Science, the United States' highest scientific honor, for "key insights in explaining the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole." She is the recipient of many other honors and awards, including the highest awards of the American Geophysical Union (the Bowie Medal), the American Meteorological Society (the Rossby Medal), and the Geochemical Society (the Goldschmidt Medal). She is also the recipient of the Commonwealth Prize and the Lemaitre Prize, as well as the ozone award and Vienna Convention Award from the United Nations Environment Programme. In 1992 R&D magazine honored her as its scientist of the year. In 2004 she received the prestigious Blue Planet Prize for "pioneering research identifying the causative mechanisms producing the Antarctic ozone hole." In January 2017 she was awarded the National Academy of Sciences' Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship. She is a recipient of numerous honorary doctoral degrees from universities in the U.S. and abroad. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a foreign associate of the French Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the European Academy of Sciences. Her current research includes climate change and ozone depletion. She served as co-chair of the Working Group 1 Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), providing scientific information to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. IPCC and Albert Gore, Jr. jointly received the Nobel Prize on 2007. She was named one of the year's 100 most influential people in Time magazine in 2008. She also received the Grande Medaille of the Academy of Sciences in Paris for her leadership in ozone and climate science in 2008. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 536 | Name: | Dr. David Nathaniel Spergel | | | Institution: | Simons Foundation; Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1961 | | | | | | |
David Spergel is the President of the Simons Foundation and is the Charles Young Professor of Astronomy Emeritus at Princeton. Spergel received his AB from Princeton in 1982, spent a year at Oxford studying with James Binney and then received his PhD from Harvard in 1986. After spending a year at the IAS, he joined the Princeton faculty in 1987. He was Department Chair at Princeton from 2005-2015 and was the Founding Director at the Center for Computational Astrophysics at the Flatiron Institute from 2016-2021. AMNH awarded him an Honorary D.Sc. (2021).
Spergel is a member of the NAS and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His work has been recognized with a MacArthur Fellowship, a Sloan Fellowship, the Presidential Young Investigator Award, the Shaw Prize, the Heinemann Prize, the Gruber Prize and the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. The American Astronomical Society has honored him with the Warner Prize, the Heineman Prize and as a Legacy Fellow. He was twice awarded the NASA Exceptional Service Award. He received Princeton University’s Presidential Distinguished Teaching Award and the National Society of Black Physicists’ Mentorship Award.
Spergel is noted for his work on the WMAP satellite that help establish the standard model of cosmology, map the initial conditions of the universe, and determine its basic properties. He is the author of over 400 refereed papers with over 100,000 citations. | |
| 537 | Name: | Dr. Athelstan F. Spilhaus | | | Institution: | Pan Geo, Inc. | | | Year Elected: | 1968 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | 3/30/98 | | | | |
| 538 | Name: | Dr. Lyman Spitzer | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1959 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1914 | | | Death Date: | 3/31/97 | | | | |
| 539 | Name: | Wendell M. Stanley | | | Year Elected: | 1940 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1904 | | | Death Date: | 6/15/71 | | | | |
| 540 | Name: | Joel Stebbins | | | Year Elected: | 1925 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1879 | | | Death Date: | 3/16/66 | | | | |
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