Class
| • | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | [X] |
| | 501 | Name: | Dr. Allan Rex Sandage | | | Institution: | Observatories of Carnegie Institution of Washington | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | November 13, 2010 | | | | | | |
Astronomer Allan Sandage combined his impressive astronomical knowledge with outstanding scientific judgment and an extraordinary ability to discern new concepts that were ripe for development. Based at the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington from 1956 until his death, he was best known for his extended work establishing the rate of expansion of the universe (the red-shift distance or Hubble relationship). He was also noted for his discovery in the M-82 galaxy of jets erupting from the core, and for having conducted important spectral studies of globular clusters. Dr. Sandage received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1953, and he had also served as Homewood Professor of Physics at Johns Hopkins University and as a senior research scientist at NASA's Space Telescope Scientific Institute. His many honors include the Warner Prize (1960), the Eddington Medal (1963), the National Medal of Science (1970), the Bruce Medal (1975) and the Crafoord Prize (1991). Allan Sandage died November 13, 2010, at age 84, in San Gabriel, California. | |
| 502 | Name: | Dr. Peter Sarnak | | | Institution: | Princeton University; Institute for Advanced Study | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | | |
Peter Sarnak is Eugene Higgins Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University and a Professor of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study. He received his Ph.D from Stanford University in 1980 and worked at Stanford and at New York University's Courant Institute prior to his appointment at Princeton. He chaired Princeton's Department of Mathematics from 1996-99 and has received numerous honors for his work, including the Polya Prize (1998), the Ostrowski Prize (2001); the Cole Prize (2005); and the Wolf Prize (2014). Sarnak's work has had an impact on areas ranging from computer science (through his 1988 construction of expander graphs which continues to have an impact) to mathematical physics (where he showed that the chaotic properties of waves on a surface depend on the arithmetic properties of the surface). His use of techniques from one area to address problems in another area has led to the solution of problems that were previously viewed as out of reach. His areas of specialty are analysis and number theory. He is the main pioneer of the powerful idea that number theory (the study of whole numbers, which is apparently a deterministic subject) is governed by the ideas of randomness, such as random matrices and quantum chaos. A very social mathematician, he has served as an advisor for many mathematical departments and institutes, worked with many postdoctoral fellows, and supervised 36 Ph.D. theses. Peter Sarnak is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1991); the National Academy of Sciences (2002); and the Royal Society (2002). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 503 | Name: | Albert Sauveur | | | Year Elected: | 1919 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1864 | | | Death Date: | 1/26/39 | | | | |
| 504 | Name: | Dr. Arthur L. Schawlow | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 1984 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | 4/28/99 | | | | |
| 505 | Name: | Frank Schlesinger | | | Year Elected: | 1912 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1871 | | | Death Date: | 7/10/43 | | | | |
| 506 | Name: | Dr. Maarten Schmidt | | | Institution: | California Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | September 17, 2022 | | | | | | |
Maarten Schmidt's discovery of the true distance of quasi-stellar objects expanded the dimensions of the known universe at the time (1963) by many orders of magnitude. His early work in galactic structure and in developing mass models for the Galaxy is also of great import. Dr. Schmidt and his collaborators have carried out several innovative surveys for quasars, improving in sensitivity and probing further in space as technological improvements permitted. He developed an optimal statistical technique (the V/V max test) for estimating the mean distance of a complete brightness limited sample, which has found widespread application in many fields. In 2008 he was awarded the first Kavli Prize in astrophysics for this work. In addition to holding many administrative positions within the California Institute of Technology, Dr. Schmidt served as president of the American Astronomical Society from 1984-86 and as Chair of the Board of Directors of the Association of Universities Research in Astronomy from 1992-95. He has been Francis L. Moseley Professor of Astronomy Emeritus at Cal Tech since 1996. | |
| 507 | Name: | Dr. John Robert Schrieffer | | | Institution: | National High Magnetic Field Laboratory & Florida State University | | | Year Elected: | 1975 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | Death Date: | July 27, 2019 | | | | | | |
Research physicist John R. Schrieffer performed fundamental studies in solid state and low temperature properties of matter, including superconductivity and electromagnetism. With John Bardeen and Leon Neil Cooper he shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for developing the BCS theory, the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity. After receiving a Ph.D. in 1957 from the University of Illinois, Dr. Schrieffer taught at the University of Chicago (1957-60), the University of Illinois (1959-62), the University of Pennsylvania (1962-80) and the University of California, Santa Barbara (1980-92). From 1992 until 2006 he served as Chief Scientist at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Eminent Scholar Professor at Florida State University, where he has pursued the study of room temperature superconductivity. Dr. Schrieffer was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the author of the BCS theory book Theory of Superconductivity (1964). He died July 27, 2019 in Tallahassee, Florida at the age of 88. | |
| 508 | Name: | Dr. Martin Schwarzschild | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1912 | | | Death Date: | 4/10/97 | | | | |
| 509 | Name: | Dr. Dennis W. Sciama | | | Institution: | International School for Advanced Study, Italy | | | Year Elected: | 1980 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | December 19, 1999 | | | | |
| 510 | Name: | Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1952 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1912 | | | Death Date: | 2/25/99 | | | | |
| 511 | Name: | Dr. Sara Seager | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2018 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1971 | | | | | | |
Sara Seager is an astrophysicist, planetary scientist and Class of 1941 Professor at the Massachussetts Institute of Technology. Her research aims to find exoplanets similar to Earth that meet the conditions for life. Her invetigations include work on transmission spectroscopy that led to the first ever detection of an exoplanet atmosphere. She did ground-breaking work on atmospheric retrieval and the brightness variability of terrestrial exoplanetsShe was co-investigator on TESS, a NASA Explorer Mission launched in April 2018, was chair of the NASA Science and Technology Definition Team for a Probe-class Starshade, and co-chairs the concept team for the NASA Habitable Planet Imaging Mission. Sara Seager was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2018. | |
| 512 | Name: | Frederick H. Seares | | | Year Elected: | 1917 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1873 | | | Death Date: | 7/20/64 | | | | |
| 513 | Name: | Thomas J.J. See | | | Year Elected: | 1897 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1866 | | | Death Date: | 7/4/62 | | | | |
| 514 | Name: | Dr. Emilio Gino Segre | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1963 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1905 | | | Death Date: | 4/22/89 | | | | |
| 515 | Name: | Dr. Frederick Seitz | | | Institution: | Rockefeller University | | | Year Elected: | 1946 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | March 2, 2008 | | | | |
| 516 | Name: | Dr. A. M. Celâl Sengör | | | Institution: | Istanbul Technical University | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | | |
An expert on the structure and evolution of the Earth's crust, Ali Mehmet Celal Sengor is one of the foremost authorities on the plate-tectonic evolution of Eurasia and has made important, innovative contributions to the accretionary mechanisms by which continents grow. Born in Turkey in 1955, he earned his Ph.D. from the State University of New York in 1982. He then returned to Turkey as a lecturer and reader at Istanbul Technical University, where in 1992 he was named Professor of Geology and head of the Department of Solid Earth Sciences. Dr. Sengor is the author of (with A. Miyashiro and K. Aki) Orogeny (1982) and (with others) The Paleogeographic Atlas of Turkey (1998). He has been widely honored for his prodigious series of articles, books, and monographs, and he has had enormous influence on scientific and educational developments in Turkey. His many awards include the Prix Lutaud-Grand Prix de l' Academie des Sciences dans le Domaine des Sciences de la Terre (1997) and the Bigsby Medal of the Geological Society of London (1999). In 1992 he became the youngest of the ten founding members of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (appointed by the Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey), and he is also a member of the Geological Society of London; Societé Geologique de France; Academia Europaea; Geological Society of America; and National Academy of Sciences. He is fluent in Turkish, English, German and French and gives elegant, exciting and lucid lectures in all of these languages. | |
| 517 | Name: | Dr. Jean-Pierre Serre | | | Institution: | Collège de France | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | | | | |
Jean-Pierre Serre is one of the leading mathematicians of the twentieth century, active in algebraic geometry, number theory and topology. He has received numerous awards and honors for his mathematical research and exposition, including the Fields Medal in 1954. Born in Bages, France, Dr. Serre was educated at the Lycée de Nîmes and then from 1945-48 at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. He was awarded his doctorate from the Sorbonne in 1951. From 1948-54 he held positions at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. He is now a professor at the Collège de France (1956) and a leading member of "Bourbaki," the well-known group of French mathematicians. | |
| 518 | Name: | Dr. Adi Shamir | | | Institution: | Weizmann Institute of Science | | | Year Elected: | 2019 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 107 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1952 | | | | | | |
Adi Shamir is currently Paul and Marlene Borman Professorial Chair of Applied Mathematics in the Department of Applied Mathematics at the The Weizmann Institute of Science. He earned his Ph.D., The Weizmann Institute of Science, 1977.
Adi Shamir is beyond doubt one of the most recognized cryptographers worldwide. He has a number of claims to fame including being a co-inventor of the RSA public-key cryptography algorithm, the father of the idea and first realization of secret sharing, the co-inventor of identity based and visual cryptography, and a major actor in what has become known as differential cryptanalysis. For over thirty years Shamir continues his visionary leadership obtaining breakthrough results in essentially all fields within cryptography, opening new research avenues towards a better understanding of both new and well established cryptographic tools.
His many honors and awards include: the Baker Prize in 1986, the PIUS XI Gold Medal of the The Vatican's Pontifical Academy in 1992, the Kanellakis Prize in 1997, the Kobayashi Prize of the IEEE in 2000, the Turing award, together with Rivest and Adleman, in 2002, the Israel Prize and the Okawa Prize in 2008, the NEC Prize in 2009, the Grand Medaille of the French Académie des Sciences in 2012, and the Japan Prize in 2017. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Science (1998), the National Academy of Sciences (2005), Academia Europaea (2007), French Académie des Sciences (2015), and the Royal Society (2018). Adi Shamir was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019. | |
| 519 | Name: | Charles D. Shane | | | Year Elected: | 1955 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1895 | | | Death Date: | 3/19/83 | | | | |
| 520 | Name: | Dr. Claude E. Shannon | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1983 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | February 24, 2001 | | | | |
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