Class
| • | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | [X] |
| | 441 | Name: | Lord William G. Penney | | | Year Elected: | 1973 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1909 | | | Death Date: | 3/3/91 | | | | |
| 442 | Name: | Sir Roger Penrose | | | Institution: | University of Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 2011 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | | | | |
Roger Penrose has been producing original and important scientific ideas for half a century, having earned his Ph.D. from St. Johns College, Cambridge in 1957. His work is characterized by exceptional geometrical and physical insight. He applied new mathematical techniques to Einstein’s general relativity and led the renaissance in gravitation theory in the 1960s. His novel ideas on space and time and his concept of "twistors" are increasingly influential. This remarkable mathematical theory combining algebraic and geometrical methods has been one of his major breakthroughs. Even his recreations have had intellectual impact: for instance, his studies of the "impossible figures" in Escher’s artwork, and the never-repeating patterns of "Penrose tiling." He has influenced and stimulated a wide public through his lectures and his best-selling and wide-ranging books, including: Techniques of Differential Topology in Relativity, 1972; (with W. Rindler) Spinors and Space-Time, Vol. 1, 1984, Vol. 2, 1986; The Emperor’s New Mind, 1989; Shadows of the Mind, 1996; Collected Works (six volumes), 2010. He has won a number of awards, including the W. H. Heinemann Prize (1971), the Science Book Prize (1990), Order of Merit (1994), the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, De Morgan Medal of the London Mathematical Society (2004) and the Copley Medal of the Royal Society (2008), and belongs to a number of academic societies, including the Royal Society, the Royal Irish Academy, the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Sciences (1998). Roger Penrose won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2011. | |
| 443 | Name: | Dr. Fernando Pereira | | | Institution: | Google Inc. | | | Year Elected: | 2019 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 107 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1956 | | | | | | |
Fernando Pereira is VP and Engineering Fellow at Google, where he leads research and development in natural language understanding and machine learning. His previous positions include chair of the Computer and Information Science department of the University of Pennsylvania, head of the Machine Learning and Information Retrieval department at AT&T Labs, and research and management positions at SRI International. He received a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of Edinburgh in 1982, and has over 120 research publications on computational linguistics, machine learning, bioinformatics, speech recognition, and logic programming, as well as several patents.
He was elected AAAI Fellow in 1991 for contributions to computational linguistics and logic programming, ACM Fellow in 2010 for contributions to machine learning models of natural language and biological sequences, and ACL Fellow for contributions to sequence modeling, finite-state methods, and dependency and deductive parsing. He was president of the Association for Computational Linguistics in 1993. In 2020 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Fernando Pereira was elected a member of the Americal Philosophical Society in 2019. | |
| 444 | Name: | Dr. Saul Perlmutter | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | | | Year Elected: | 2014 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1959 | | | | |
| 445 | Name: | Dr. Max F. Perutz | | | Institution: | University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1968 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1914 | | | Death Date: | February 6, 2002 | | | | |
| 446 | Name: | Dr. Christopher John Pethick | | | Institution: | Nordita; Niels Bohr International Academy | | | Year Elected: | 2016 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | | | | |
Christopher Pethick is a theoretical physicist of remarkable breadth and depth, whose seminal contributions to neutron star, ultracold atomic gas, and condensed matter physics have been recognized by his Onsager Prize for statistical physics and Bethe Prize for theoretical astrophysics. He gave the first consistent description of neutron stars, from their low density crust to their superfluid interior, their behavior during stellar collapse and subsequent cooling, and identified compact X-ray sources as accreting neutron stars. He provided the microscopic basis of our current understanding of liquid helium-3 at nonzero temperature, showed how related ideas could be used to understand the transport properties of heavy-fermion materials, and in a very different context, quark matter at high densities. Recently he has bridged the gap between atomic and condensed-matter physics by his imaginative application of condensed matter concepts to ultracold atomic gases. His major influence on Scandinavian science has been recognized by his election to the Royal Danish and Norwegian Academies of Sciences and Letters. | |
| 447 | Name: | Dr. Henry Petroski | | | Institution: | Duke University | | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | Death Date: | June 14, 2023 | | | | | | |
Henry Petroski is the Aleksandar S. Vesic Professor of Civil Engineering and a professor of history at Duke University. He is a graduate of Manhattan College, having earned his B.M.E. degree in 1963, and of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he received his Ph.D. in theoretical and applied mechanics in 1968. Before joining the Duke faculty in 1980, he taught at the University of Texas, Austin and served on the professional staff of Argonne National Laboratory. Dr. Petroski, who has been called "the poet laureate of technology," has written broadly on the topics of design, success and failure, and the history of engineering and technology. His books on these subjects, which are intended for professional engineers, students, and general readers alike, include To Engineer Is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design, which in 1987 was adapted for a BBC-television documentary; Design Paradigms: Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering, which was named by the Association of American Publishers as the best general engineering book published in 1994; and Success Through Failure: The Paradox of Design, which was based on his 2004 Louis Clark Vanuxem Lectures at Princeton University. His Engineers of Dreams is a history of American bridge building. He has also written on commonplace objects in The Pencil; The Evolution of Useful Things; The Book on the Bookshelf; Small Things Considered; and The Toothpick, and has published collections of essays on engineering subjects under the titles Remaking the World and Pushing the Limits. His memoir about delivering newspapers in the 1950s and about what predisposed him to become an engineer is entitled Paperboy. Since 1991, he has written the engineering column in the bimonthly magazine American Scientist, and he also writes a column on the engineering profession for ASEE Prism. He is a professional engineer licensed in Texas and a chartered engineer registered in Ireland. He has held fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Humanities Center. Among his other honors are the Washington Award from the Western Society of Engineers, the Ralph Coats Roe Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Civil Engineering History and Heritage Award from the American Society of Civil Engineers, whose history and heritage committee he now chairs. He holds honorary degrees from Clarkson University, Manhattan College, Trinity College (in Hartford, Conn.), and Valparaiso University, and has received distinguished engineering alumnus awards from Manhattan College and the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He is a Distinguished Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers of Ireland and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He is an honorary member of the Moles and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2006. | |
| 448 | Name: | Dr. Philip W. Anderson | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1923 | | | Death Date: | March 29, 2020 | | | | | | |
One of the giants of the theory of condensed matter physics, Philip W. Anderson was born in Indiana in 1923. He went to Harvard University for his undergraduate and graduate work, where he studied under John Hausbrouck van Vleck. In 35 years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, Dr. Anderson worked on a wide variety of problems in condensed matter physics. He was awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize for his investigations into the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, which allowed for the development of electronic switching and memory devices in computers. Dr. Anderson was a pioneer in the study of "Anderson localization" of electrons in disordered solids, the transitions between metallic and insulating states, and the concept of spin glasses. A theorist who always maintained close contact with experimentalists, he ranged from physics, through chemistry, to biology. Dr. Anderson was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1982. He served as Joseph Henry Professor of Physics at Princeton University. Philip W. Anderson died March 29, 2020 in Princeton, New Jersey at the age of 96. | |
| 449 | Name: | Dr. John R. Pierce | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 1973 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1910 | | | Death Date: | April 2, 2002 | | | | |
| 450 | Name: | Dr. George C. Pimentel | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1985 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1922 | | | Death Date: | 6/18/89 | | | | |
| 451 | Name: | Dr. David Pines | | | Institution: | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign & University of California, Davis | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | May 3, 2018 | | | | | | |
David Pines was the founding co-director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (a multicampus research program of the University of California) and Research Professor of Physics and Professor Emeritus of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, on whose faculty he had served since 1978. The recipient of two Guggenheim Fellowships, the Feenberg Medal and the Friemann, Dirac, and Drucker Prizes, Dr. Pines made seminal contributions to the theory of many-body systems and to theoretical astrophysics. His research focuses on the search for the organizing principles responsible for emergent behavior in matter, with particular attention to correlated matter, the study of materials in which unexpectedly new classes of behavior emerge in response to the strong and competing interactions among their elementary constituents. He was a member of National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences. David Pines died May 3, 2018, at age 83 in Urbana, Illinois. | |
| 452 | Name: | Dr. Emanuel R. Piore | | | Institution: | IBM | | | Year Elected: | 1967 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1908 | | | Death Date: | May 9, 2000 | | | | |
| 453 | Name: | Dr. Kenneth S. Pitzer | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1954 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1914 | | | Death Date: | 12/26/97 | | | | |
| 454 | Name: | Pierre Samuel Du Pont | | | Year Elected: | 1917 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1870 | | | Death Date: | 4/5/1954 | | | | |
| 455 | Name: | Francis I. Du Pont | | | Year Elected: | 1930 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1873 | | | Death Date: | 3/16/1942 | | | | |
| 456 | Name: | Professor Lord Porter | | | Institution: | Imperial College | | | Year Elected: | 1986 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1920 | | | Death Date: | August 31, 2002 | | | | |
| 457 | Name: | Dr. Kimberly A. Prather | | | Institution: | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1962 | | | | | | |
Kimberly A. Prather is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and the Distinguished Chair in Atmospheric Chemistry at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego (UCSD). She is also Founding Director of the NSF Center for Aerosol Impacts on Chemistry of the Environment. She earned her Ph.D. from the University of California, Davis in 1990. Prior to her arrival at the Scripps Institute, she taught at the University of California, Riverside from 1992 to 2001 and worked as a Research Associate at the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center from 1994 to 2001.
Prather has worked on aerosols throughout her professional career. She devised an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer with high temporal and size resolutions, using it to study health effects of ultrafine particles to precisely measure their size and composition, as well as to measure exhaust particles from heavy-duty gasoline/diesel vehicles. She discovered that aerosols traveled well into the stratosphere where they froze and later returned to Earth; this research became critical in studying atmospheric environments' impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. While WHO and CDC first proposed that the virus was passed from person to person by contact with surfaces, it is actually spread via stable aerosols--not by surface contacts or droplets settling on these surfaces. Recently, at a National Academy of Sciences symposium, Anthony Fauci, Prather, and others discussed aerosols' role in the spread of COVID-19 and the importance of minimizing contamination using good ventilation, HEPA filters, and masking especially at newly-opened schools and offices.
Prather received the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Award, the National Science Foundation Special Creativity and Young Investigators Awards, the Smoluchowski Award, the Kenneth T. Whitby Award, The Arthur F. Findeis Award, the UCSD Faculty Sustainability Award, the American Chemical Society's Distinguished Scientist Award, the Haagen-Smit Clean Air Award, the Chancellor's Associates Excellence Award in Research in Science and Engineering, and the 2024 NAS Award in Chemical Sciences. She has been a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences since 2010, the National Academy of Engineering since 2019, and the National Academy of Sciences since 2020. Prather was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2022. | |
| 458 | Name: | Dr. Vladimir Prelog | | | Institution: | Federal Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1976 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1906 | | | Death Date: | 1/7/98 | | | | |
| 459 | Name: | Dr. Frank Press | | | Institution: | National Academy of Sciences | | | Year Elected: | 1973 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | January 29, 2020 | | | | | | |
Frank Press was President of the National Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the National Research Council from 1981-93, Science Advisor to the President of the United States and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, from 1977-81. Prior to that, he was professor of geophysics at MIT and Chairman of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Dr. Press was also professor of geophysics at the California Institute of Technology and director of its Seismological Laboratory. He is a Life Member of the Corporation of MIT and Board Member of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Monterey Bay Research Institute. He is also a director of a medical diagnostic device company.
Dr. Press earned a B.S. from the City College of New York, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Royal Society, and the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the recipient of thirty honorary degrees. Among his awards are the National Medal of Science, the Vannevar Bush Award, and the Pupin Medal from Columbia University. Dr. Press received the Japan Prize from the Emperor in 1993 and was awarded the Lomonosov Medal, the highest award of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dr. Press was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1973. He died January 29, 2020 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina at the age of 95. | |
| 460 | Name: | Prof. Andrew M. Gleason | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | October 17, 2008 | | | | | | |
Mathematician Andrew Gleason is well known for his major part in the solution of "Hilbert's Fifth Problem," which concerns the characterization of lie groups. Following his undergraduate career at Yale University, he was appointed a Junior Fellow at Harvard University in 1946. He received an honorary M.A. from Harvard in 1953 and, after serving as assistant professor to professor of mathematics from 1950-69, he was named Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Andrew Gleason retired from the Harvard faculty in 1992. | |
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