Class
| • | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | [X] |
| | 321 | Name: | Dr. Saunders Mac Lane | | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 1949 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1909 | | | Death Date: | April 14, 2005 | | | | |
| 322 | Name: | Dr. Robert P. Langlands | | | Institution: | Institute for Advanced Study | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | | | | |
The "Langlands Philosophy" is widely recognized as the most far-reaching dream that mathematicians currently have for the future development of mathematics. For the past three centuries, the subject of modular forms has been a major strand of mathematics, treated by such great mathematicians as Euler and Gauss. But it had the character of a bag of tricks and special results. Then, in 1967, Dr. Langlands announced the "Langlands conjectures," which displayed for the first time the underlying patterns at work. In the 35 years since then, these conjectures have become increasingly important. Guided by them, an underlying unity has been found, with deep consequences for many branches of mathematics. These include number theory (where Langlands' work played a role in Wiles' proof of Fermat's conjecture), algebraic geometry (where 30 of the best young geometers work in what they call "geometric Langlands theory"), and representation theory (where the Langlands conjectures lead to a classification of the representations that come up in the study of quantum mechanics). Today, the Langlands conjectures provide the basic motivation and guidance for the work of many mathematicians working in diverse fields. Dr. Langlands has also written extensively on mathematical physics, and he has a strong interest in history. A graduate of Yale University (Ph.D., 1960), he has been a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study since 1972. He is currently Professor of Mathematics Emeritus. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and has been awarded the Lester R. Ford Prize from the Mathematical Association of America. In 2018 he was awarded the Abel Prize. | |
| 323 | Name: | Dr. Robert A. Laudise | | | Institution: | Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies & Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Rutgers University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | Death Date: | 8/20/98 | | | | |
| 324 | Name: | Dr. Peter D. Lax | | | Institution: | New York University | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | | | | |
Peter D. Lax is a most distinguished mathematician who has earned renown for his contributions in both pure and applied mathematics. One of many methods named after him is Lax pairs, which came from his analysis of fluid dynamics. His name is connected with many major mathematical results and numerical methods, including the Lax equivalence theorem, Lax-Friedrichs scheme, Lax-Wendroff scheme, Lax entropy condition, and Lax-Levermore theory. His work covers all aspects of partial differential equations. In linear theory it includes his fundamental oscillatory approximation for solving hyperbolic equations, which led to the theory of Fourier Integral Operators. His famous collaboration with R.S. Phillips involves extremely deep work in scattering theory and connects with problems on automorphic functions in hyperbolic geometry. Dr. Lax has also done basic work in numerical analysis for partial differential equations. In nonlinear theory he has done fundamental work on shock waves, and on KdV equations: completely integrable systems possessing solition solutions. A native of Hungary, Dr. Lax earned his Ph.D. from New York University in 1949 and has served at NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences since 1958. He has also directed the Courant Mathematics and Computing Lab and is currently Professor of Mathematics Emeritus. Dr. Lax has won many honors such as the Chauvenet Prize (1974), the National Medal of Science (1986), the Wolf Prize (1987), the Abel Prize (2005) and membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Lax is the author of numerous works, including textbooks on functional analysis, linear algebra, calculus and partial differential equations. | |
| 325 | Name: | Dr. Judith L. Lean | | | Institution: | Naval Research Laboratory | | | Year Elected: | 2013 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | | |
Judith Lean is Senior Scientist for Sun-Earth System Research in the Space Science Division of the Naval Research Laboratory where she studies the integrated extended environment of the Earth, from its surface to the Sun. A U.S. citizen since 1992, she earned a Ph.D. in atmospheric physics from the University of Adelaide, Australia (1982) and a Bachelor of Science (Hons) from the Australian National University (1975). She has worked at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC since 1986, following an initial appointment as a research assistant at the University of Colorado at Boulder (from 1981 to 1986). Her research focuses on the mechanisms and measurements of variation in the Sun's radiative output at all wavelengths, and the effects of this variability on Earth, including space weather, climate change and the ozone layer. She has testified to the U.S. Congress on the role of solar output variations in climate change, and chaired the National Research Council’s (NRC) Working Group on Solar Influences on Global Change. She has served on a number of NSF, NOAA, NRC and NASA advisory committees, including the NRC Decadal Survey on Earth Science and Applications, the NRC Decadal Survey on Solar and Space Science and NASA’s Science Advisory Committee. A member of the AGU, IAGA, AAS/SPD, APS and AMS, she was elected a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2002 and a member of the US National Academy of Sciences in 2003. She is the author (or co-author) of 150 published papers in the scientific literature, and has made more than 290 presentations at scientific meetings, seminars, colloquia and lectures. Judith Lean was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. | |
| 326 | Name: | Dr. Leon M. Lederman | | | Institution: | Fermi National Accelerator Lab & Illinois Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1922 | | | Death Date: | October 3, 2018 | | | | | | |
Leon Lederman was an internationally renowned specialist in high energy physics and winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was involved in the discovery that there is more than one type of neutrino and led the team that found the 'bottom quark'. He retired in 1989 after ten years as the Director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. That year he became the Frank L. Sulzberger Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago, while continuing to promote science education.
After receiving his B.A. from New York City College, Columbia University awarded him an M.A. in 1948 and a Ph.D. in 1951. Dr. Lederman was associated with Columbia as both student and faculty member for more than thirty years. From 1962 to 1989 he was Director of Nevis Laboratories in Irvington, which is the Columbia Physics Department's center for experimental research in high energy physics. In addition to his own research career and administrative activities, Dr. Lederman has long recognized the importance of science education in the intellectual and economic health of society. In 1998, he became Resident Scholar at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, a three-year residential public school for gifted Illinois high school students, which he helped found in 1986.
Dr. Lederman published well over 300 papers and is the author of two popular science books: From Quarks to the Cosmos (with David Schramm) and The God Particle with Dick Teresi. He edited Portraits of Great American Scientists, written with fifteen high school students. The recipient of numerous honors and prizes, he shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics with Jack Steinberger and Mel Schwartz for their work on neutrinos. He was also the recipient of the Enrico Fermi Prize, the 1973 National Medal of Science, and the 1982 Wolf Prize. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1989. Leon Lederman died October 3, 2018 in Rexburg, Idaho at the age of 96. | |
| 327 | Name: | Dr. Tsung-Dao Lee | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | 08/04/2024 | | | | | | |
Physicist Tsung-Dao Lee has devoted his long career to the study of the theoretical aspects of particle and nuclear physics. In 1957, Dr. Lee and Chen Ning Yang won the Nobel Prize in Physics for disproving a tenet of physics known as the conservation of parity. Their finding was based on research carried out at the Brookhaven Institute's particle accelerator, the Cosmotron, while they were visiting scientists at the Laboratory in 1956. Born in Shanghai, China, Dr. Lee attended universities in that country before coming to the U.S. in 1946, where he became a student of Enrico Fermi and received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1950. After working as a research associate at the University of Chicago and the University of California, Berkeley, Dr. Lee joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1951. Then, in 1953, he joined Columbia University, where he is currently University Professor. After serving a six-year term as Director of the RIKEN BNL Research Center, Dr. Lee stepped down and was named Director Emeritus. In addition, Dr. Lee is Director of the China Center of Advanced Science & Technology in Beijing; the Beijing Institute of Modern Physics; and the Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, all in China. He holds twelve honorary degrees and 15 honorary professorships and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences and several other academies. | |
| 328 | Name: | Solomon Lefschetz | | | Year Elected: | 1929 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1884 | | | Death Date: | 10/5/72 | | | | |
| 329 | Name: | Dr. Anthony J. Leggett | | | Institution: | University of Illinois | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
Anthony J. Leggett is the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Professor and Center for Advanced Study Professor of Physics. He has been a faculty member at the University of Illinois since 1983 and in 2020 donated his papers to the University of Illinois Archives. He is widely recognized as a world leader in the theory of low-temperature physics, and his pioneering work on superfluidity was recognized by the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences (foreign member) and is a Fellow of the Royal Society (U.K.), the American Physical Society and the American Institute of Physics. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics (U.K.) and was knighted (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005 "for services to physics." Professor Leggett has shaped the theoretical understanding of normal and superfluid helium liquids and other strongly coupled superfluids. He set directions for research in the quantum physics of macroscopic dissipative systems and use of condensed systems to test the foundations of quantum mechanics. His research interests lie mainly within the fields of theoretical condensed matter physics and the foundations of quantum mechanics. He has been particularly interested in the possibility of using special condensed-matter systems, such as Josephson devices, to test the validity of the extrapolation of the quantum formalism to the macroscopic level; this interest has led to a considerable amount of technical work on the application of quantum mechanics to collective variables and in particular on ways of incorporating dissipation into the calculations. He is also interested in the theory of superfluid liquid 3He, especially under extreme nonequilibrium conditions, in high-temperature superconductivity, and in the newly realized system of Bose-condensed atomic gases. | |
| 330 | Name: | Dr. Jean-Marie Pierre Lehn | | | Institution: | Collège de France | | | Year Elected: | 1987 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | | | | |
Jean-Marie Pierre Lehn is professor of chemistry at the Université de Strasbourg, France, where he is director of the Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires), and professor emeritus at the Collège de France in Paris, where he directed the Laboratory of the Chemistry of Molecular Interactions. His undergraduate studies were conducted at the University of Strasbourg, and he received his doctorate there in 1963. After a year of postdoctoral research at Harvard University, he returned to the University of Strasbourg, becoming professor of chemistry at the Louis Pasteur University in 1970. In 1979, he also became a faculty member at the Collège de France. His work, for which he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1987, has defined the field of supramolecular chemistry. Ostensibly trained as an organic chemist, he has done highly innovative work in theoretical chemistry with ab initio calculations; in physical chemistry with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance to study dynamic processes in solution; in inorganic chemistry through studies of inorganic complexes, electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and inorganic photochemistry directed toward energy storage by the photochemical generation of hydrogen from the dissociation of water; in organic chemistry through the synthesis of terpenoids and a variety of new agents for complexing of ions of many kinds in water; and in biochemical research on the design of receptor molecules, transport across membranes and enzymatic reaction mechanisms. | |
| 331 | Name: | Dr. Samuel Lenher | | | Institution: | DuPont | | | Year Elected: | 1964 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1905 | | | Death Date: | 12/17/92 | | | | |
| 332 | Name: | Dr. Nelson J. Leonard | | | Institution: | University of Illinois & California Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | October 9, 2006 | | | | |
| 333 | Name: | Dr. Luna B. Leopold | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | February 23, 2006 | | | | |
| 334 | Name: | Prof. Louis Leprince-Ringuet | | | Institution: | Collège de France | | | Year Elected: | 1967 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1901 | | | Death Date: | December 23, 2000 | | | | |
| 335 | Name: | Dr. Jean Leray | | | Institution: | Collège de France | | | Year Elected: | 1959 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1906 | | | Death Date: | 11/10/98 | | | | |
| 336 | Name: | Dr. Raphael David Levine | | | Institution: | Hebrew University | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
Raphael Levine is Max Born Professor of Natural Philosophy at Hebrew University. He describes his work like so: "A central concern of Chemistry is the transformation of matter to create new materials. We call such transmutations 'chemical reactions'. I try to understand what makes chemical reactions go. I also seek to view them on the most highly resolved level, that of the actual molecules undergoing the change. As the starting materials evolve into the products, how do the atoms move, what energetic constraints operate and are there any steric requirements. I am a theorist but I do attempt to find out what are the concerns of my experimental colleagues. Currently the systems we study are larger than before and we are able to explore further away from equilibrium. One line of such activity is chemistry under extreme conditions. We are also able to take into account inherently quantum mechanical features such as when processes occur simultaneously on several electronic states (so called, the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation)." His most recent book, Molecular Reaction Dynamics (2005) provides more details. Dr. Levine's research methods include molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical methods. Often he seeks a more compact description. For this, methodologies based on information theory and on algebraic quantum mechanics are useful. In particular, they provide methods of data reduction (e.g., surprisal analysis) which can also be used in a predictive model. He prefers models that emphasize key aspects of the problem and allow for a simple conceptual picture of the dynamics as much as exact numerical simulations. He also indulges in examining more abstract issues. | |
| 337 | Name: | Lord Jack Lewis | | | Institution: | Robinson College, Cambridge & University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | July 17, 2014 | | | | | | |
Sir Jack Lewis, Lord Lewis of Newnham, FRS was a British chemist working mainly in the area of the transition elements. He was a pioneer in the study of metallorganic compounds, especially in their magnetic properties, and has been a leader in synthesizing and characterizing compounds containing clusters of metal atoms. Sir Jack earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of London and a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Nottingham. In 1954 he was appointed lecturer at the University of Sheffield. He returned to London in 1956 as a lecturer at Imperial College London. From 1961-67 he served as professor of chemistry at the University of Manchester, eventually moving to University College London (1967-70) and the University of Cambridge (1970-95). He was also the first Warden of Robinson College from its foundation until 2001. Knighted in 1982, he won the Royal Society's Davy Medal in 1985 and was created Baron Lewis of Newnham, of Newnham in the County of Cambridgeshire, in 1989. In 2004 he received the Royal Society's Royal Medal. He was a member of the House of Lords, where he sat as a cross bencher and was a member of a number of Select Committees on Science and Technology. He died July 17, 2014, in Cambridge, at the age of 86. | |
| 338 | Name: | Willard F. Libby | | | Year Elected: | 1954 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1908 | | | Death Date: | 9/8/80 | | | | |
| 339 | Name: | Sir James Lighthill | | | Institution: | University College of London | | | Year Elected: | 1970 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | 7/17/98 | | | | |
| 340 | Name: | Dr. Chia-Chiao Lin | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1978 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | January 13, 2013 | | | | | | |
Chinese-born physicist Chia-Chiao Lin made major contributions to the theory of superfluid helium, hydrodynamic stability and turbulent diffusion as well as in mathematics and astrophysics. He is also credited with finding a mathematical explanation for the propagation of a spiral structure in disk nebulae. After moving to the United States to study at the California Institute of Technology, Dr. Lin earned his Ph. D. in 1944. Since that time he has taught at Cal Tech (1943-45), Brown University (1945-47) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1947-87), where he became Institute Professor in 1966 and retired in 1987. | |
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