Subdivision
• | 101. Astronomy |
(45)
| • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(68)
| • | 103. Engineering |
(36)
| • | 104. Mathematics |
(46)
| • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(48)
| • | 106. Physics |
(102)
| • | 107 |
(18)
| • | 200 |
(1)
| • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(64)
| • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(35)
| • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(39)
| • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(34)
| • | 205. Microbiology |
(22)
| • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(13)
| • | 207. Genetics |
(40)
| • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(33)
| • | 209. Neurobiology |
(37)
| • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(14)
| • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(58)
| • | 302. Economics |
(75)
| • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(110)
| • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(79)
| • | 305 |
(22)
| • | 401. Archaeology |
(57)
| • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(20)
| • | 402a |
(13)
| • | 402b |
(28)
| • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(16)
| • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(52)
| • | 404a |
(23)
| • | 404b |
(5)
| • | 404c |
(10)
| • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(53)
| • | 406. Linguistics |
(38)
| • | 407. Philosophy |
(16)
| • | 408 |
(3)
| • | 500 |
(1)
| • | 501. Creative Artists |
(48)
| • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(52)
| • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(213)
| • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(12)
| • | [405] |
(2)
|
| 2301 | Name: | Philip H. Law | | Year Elected: | 1879 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 5/22/1888 | | | |
2302 | Name: | John B. Lawes | | Year Elected: | 1883 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 8/31/1900 | | | |
2303 | Name: | Jason O'B Lawrence | | Year Elected: | 1823 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 8/19/1823 | | | |
2304 | Name: | Ernest O. Lawrence | | Year Elected: | 1937 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1901 | | Death Date: | 8/27/1958 | | | |
2305 | Name: | Mr. Frederick M. Lawrence | | Institution: | Phi Beta Kappa Society; Georgetown University | | Year Elected: | 2018 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | Frederick M. Lawrence is the 10th Secretary and CEO of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, the nation’s first and most prestigious honor society, founded in 1776. Lawrence is a Distinguished Lecturer at the Georgetown Law Center, and has previously served as president of Brandeis University, Dean of the George Washington University Law School, and Visiting Professor and Senior Research Scholar at Yale Law School.
An accomplished scholar, teacher and attorney, Lawrence is one of the nation’s leading experts on civil rights, free expression and bias crimes. Lawrence has published widely and lectured internationally. He is the author of Punishing Hate: Bias Crimes Under American Law (Harvard University Press 1999), examining bias-motivated violence and the laws governing how such violence is punished in the United States. He is an opinion contributor to The Hill and US News, frequently
contributes op-eds to various other news sources, such as Newsweek, the Boston Globe, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Observer, the NY Daily News and The Huffington Post, and has appeared on CNN among other networks.
Lawrence has testified before Congress concerning free expression on campus and on federal hate crime legislation, was the key-note speaker at the meeting of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) on bias-motivated violence, was a Senior Research Fellow at University College London, and the recipient of a Ford Foundation grant to study bias-motivated violence in the
United Kingdom. Lawrence is a trustee of Beyond Conflict, serves on the Board of Directors of the National Humanities Alliance, the Editorial Board of the Journal of College and University Law, the National Commission of the Anti-Defamation League and the Advisory Board of RANE (Risk Assistance Network + Exchange) and has been a Trustee of Williams College and WGBH.
At Phi Beta Kappa, Lawrence has focused on advocacy for the arts, humanities and sciences, championing free expression, free inquiry and academic freedom, and invigorating the Society’s 286 chapters and nearly 50 alumni associations. As president of Brandeis, Lawrence strengthened ties between the university and its alumni and focused on sustaining the university’s historical commitment to educational access through financial aid. His accomplishments during his presidency
included restoring fiscal stability to the university and overseeing record setting increases in admissions applications, undergraduate financial aid and the university’s endowment. An acclaimed teacher, Lawrence taught an undergraduate seminar on punishment and crime that was one of the most popular undergraduate courses offered at Brandeis.
Lawrence was widely regarded as a champion of the fine arts. He revitalized the university’s Rose Art Museum, recruited and hired a dynamic new museum director, and commissioned the Light of Reason sculpture, creating a dynamic outdoor space for the Brandeis community.
Prior to Brandeis, Lawrence was dean and Robert Kramer Research Professor of Law at George Washington University Law School from 2005 to 2010. During his time at GW Law, Lawrence recruited the strongest classes in the school’s history, and his five years as dean were five of the six highest fund-raising years in the school’s history. He was Professor of Law at Boston University School of Law from 1988 to 2005, during which time he served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and received the Metcalf Award for Excellence in Teaching, the university’s highest teaching honor.
Lawrence’s legal career was distinguished by service as an assistant U.S. attorney for the southern district of New York in the 1980s, where he became chief of the Civil Rights Unit. Lawrence received
a bachelor’s degree in 1977 from Williams College magna cum laude where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and a law degree in 1980 from Yale Law School where he was an editor of the Yale Law Journal. | |
2306 | Name: | Dr. Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot | | Institution: | Harvard University | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot, a sociologist, is a professor of education at Harvard University. She did her undergraduate work in psychology at Swarthmore College (1962-66); studied child development and teaching at Bank Street College of Education (1966-67); and did her doctoral work in sociology of education at Harvard (1968-72). Since joining the faculty at Harvard in 1972, she has been interested in studying the culture of schools, the patterns and structures of classroom life, the relationships between adult developmental themes and teachers' work, and socialization within families, communities and schools. Lawrence-Lightfoot is a prolific author of numerous articles, monographs, and chapters. She has written eight books: Worlds Apart: Relationships Between Families and Schools (1978); Beyond Bias: Perspectives on Classrooms (with Jean Carew, 1979); and The Good High School: Portraits of Character and Culture (1983), which received the 1984 Outstanding Book Award from the American Educational Research Association. Her book Balm in Gilead: Journey of a Healer (1988), which won the 1988 Christopher Award, given for "literary merit and humanitarian achievement," was followed by I've Known Rivers: Lives of Loss and Liberation (1994), and The Art and Science of Portraiture (with Jessica Hoffman Davis, 1997), which documents her pioneering approach to social science methodology -- one that bridges the realms of aesthetics and empiricism. In Respect: An Exploration (1999) Lawrence-Lightfoot reaches deep into human experience to find the essence of this powerful quality. Her newest book, The Essential Conversation: What Parents and Teachers Can Learn from Each Other (2003), captures the crucial exchange that occurs between parents and teachers across our country an estimated 100 million times a year -- a dialogue that is both mirror and metaphor for the cultural forces that shape the socialization of our children. In addition to her teaching, research, and writing, Lawrence-Lightfoot sits on numerous professional committees and boards of directors, including the Atlantic Philanthropies; the National Academy of Education; WGBH; Bright Horizons Family Solutions; and the Berklee College of Music. She is former chair of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Board of Directors. Lawrence-Lightfoot has been a fellow at the Bunting Institute at Radcliffe College and at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. In 1984, she was the recipient of the prestigious MacArthur Prize Award, and in 1993 she was awarded Harvard's George Ledlie Prize given for research that makes the "most valuable contribution to science" and "the benefit of mankind," and in 1995 she became a Spencer Senior Scholar. Lawrence-Lightfoot has been the recipient of 26 honorary degrees from colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. In 1993 the Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot Chair, an endowed professorship at Swarthmore College, was named in her honor. And in 1998, she was the recipient of the Emily Hargroves Fisher Endowed Chair at Harvard University, which upon her retirement will become the Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot Endowed Chair, making her the first African-American woman in Harvard's history to have an endowed professorship named in her honor. Lawrence-Lightfoot was recently named the 2008 Margaret Mead Fellow by the American Academy of Political and Social Science. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
2307 | Name: | Andrew C. Lawson | | Year Elected: | 1925 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 6/16/1952 | | | |
2308 | Name: | Dr. Peter D. Lax | | Institution: | New York University | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | | | Peter D. Lax is a most distinguished mathematician who has earned renown for his contributions in both pure and applied mathematics. One of many methods named after him is Lax pairs, which came from his analysis of fluid dynamics. His name is connected with many major mathematical results and numerical methods, including the Lax equivalence theorem, Lax-Friedrichs scheme, Lax-Wendroff scheme, Lax entropy condition, and Lax-Levermore theory. His work covers all aspects of partial differential equations. In linear theory it includes his fundamental oscillatory approximation for solving hyperbolic equations, which led to the theory of Fourier Integral Operators. His famous collaboration with R.S. Phillips involves extremely deep work in scattering theory and connects with problems on automorphic functions in hyperbolic geometry. Dr. Lax has also done basic work in numerical analysis for partial differential equations. In nonlinear theory he has done fundamental work on shock waves, and on KdV equations: completely integrable systems possessing solition solutions. A native of Hungary, Dr. Lax earned his Ph.D. from New York University in 1949 and has served at NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences since 1958. He has also directed the Courant Mathematics and Computing Lab and is currently Professor of Mathematics Emeritus. Dr. Lax has won many honors such as the Chauvenet Prize (1974), the National Medal of Science (1986), the Wolf Prize (1987), the Abel Prize (2005) and membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Lax is the author of numerous works, including textbooks on functional analysis, linear algebra, calculus and partial differential equations. | |
2309 | Name: | Isaac Lea | | Year Elected: | 1828 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 12/8/1886 | | | |
2310 | Name: | Henry C. Lea | | Year Elected: | 1867 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 10/24/1909 | | | |
2311 | Name: | Arthur H. Lea | | Year Elected: | 1912 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 1/7/1938 | | | |
2312 | Name: | Dr. Judith L. Lean | | Institution: | Naval Research Laboratory | | Year Elected: | 2013 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | Judith Lean is Senior Scientist for Sun-Earth System Research in the Space Science Division of the Naval Research Laboratory where she studies the integrated extended environment of the Earth, from its surface to the Sun. A U.S. citizen since 1992, she earned a Ph.D. in atmospheric physics from the University of Adelaide, Australia (1982) and a Bachelor of Science (Hons) from the Australian National University (1975). She has worked at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC since 1986, following an initial appointment as a research assistant at the University of Colorado at Boulder (from 1981 to 1986). Her research focuses on the mechanisms and measurements of variation in the Sun's radiative output at all wavelengths, and the effects of this variability on Earth, including space weather, climate change and the ozone layer. She has testified to the U.S. Congress on the role of solar output variations in climate change, and chaired the National Research Council’s (NRC) Working Group on Solar Influences on Global Change. She has served on a number of NSF, NOAA, NRC and NASA advisory committees, including the NRC Decadal Survey on Earth Science and Applications, the NRC Decadal Survey on Solar and Space Science and NASA’s Science Advisory Committee. A member of the AGU, IAGA, AAS/SPD, APS and AMS, she was elected a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2002 and a member of the US National Academy of Sciences in 2003. She is the author (or co-author) of 150 published papers in the scientific literature, and has made more than 290 presentations at scientific meetings, seminars, colloquia and lectures. Judith Lean was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. | |
2313 | Name: | Dr. Jonathan Lear | | Institution: | Universiy of Chicago | | Year Elected: | 2019 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 406. Linguistics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | Jonathan Lear is currently John U. Nef Distinguished Service Professor in the Committee on Social Thought and Department of Philosophy at the University of Chicago. He earned his Ph.D. from Rockefeller University in 1978. He started his career in Clare College at University of Cambridge and moved to Yale University, including as Kingman Brewster Professor of the Humanities, before ending up at the University of Chicago.
Jonathan Lear has, over the last twenty years, consistently been the leading defender of the philosophical dimensions of psychoanalytic theory, bringing out a level of sophistication and rigor in Freud’s thought often neglected in conventional criticisms. One might say that his major topic in a great deal of his work has been how to account for human irrationality in thought and action, and the bearing of the inescapable fact of irrationality on conceptions of how to live well. Both inside and outside philosophy he is probably best known for his extraordinary 2006 book, Radical Hope, on one level an investigation about how the Crow nation survived the dissolution of their traditional way of life, and on another level an exploration of what a collective form of life could be that it could “die out,” and what one might be called on to do in situations of potential cultural despair.
His honors and awards include a Guggenheim Fellowship (1987-88) and a Distinguished Achievement Award in the Humanities from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (2011-14). He is a member of American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2017). He has authored: Aristotle and Logical Theory, 1980, 2010; Aristotle: The Desire to Understand, 1988; Love and its Place in Nature: A Philosophical Interpretation of Freudian Psychoanalysis, 1990, 1999; Open Minded: Working Out The Logic of the Soul, 1998; Happiness, Death and the Remainder of Life, 2000; Therapeutic Action: An Earnest Plea for Irony, 2003; Freud, 2005, 2015; Radical Hope: Ethics in the Face of Cultural Devastation, 2006; The Idea of a Philosophical Anthropology: The Spinoza Lectures, 2017; Wisdom Won From Illness: Essays in Philosophy and Psychoanalysis, 2017. Jonathan Lear was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019. | |
2314 | Name: | Marion D. Learned | | Year Elected: | 1899 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 8/1/1917 | | | |
2315 | Name: | Dr. Paul LeClerc | | Institution: | Columbia University | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | Paul LeClerc graduated from the College of the Holy Cross in 1963 and spent the next academic year studying at the Sorbonne. Returning to New York City, he completed a Ph.D. in French literature at Columbia University. He joined the faculty of Union College (1966-79), where he chaired the Department of Modern Languages and the Division of Humanities, and received research grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the American Philosophical Society to support his scholarly work on the French Enlightenment.
Dr. LeClerc returned to New York City in 1979 to join the central administration of the City University of New York, the nation's third largest university and its largest urban university system. He served successively as University Dean for Academic Affairs and Acting Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs for CUNY, Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs of Baruch College, and, in 1988, President of Hunter College. He also held the position of Professor of French and taught during nearly every semester of his presidency.
Dr. LeClerc became President and Chief Executive Officer of the New York Public Library in late 1993. With collections now numbering some 55 million items, the New York Public consists of 89 libraries spread over 130 square miles of New York City. In 2005, there were 15 million physical reader visits to the library system and 20 million electronic visits. He retired in June 2011 and is now a Visiting Scholar in the Department of French and Romance Philology at Columbia University.
Paul LeClerc is the author or co-editor of five scholarly volumes on writers of the French Enlightenment, and his contributions to French culture earned him the Order of the Academic Palms (Officier) in 1989, the French Légion d'honneur (Chevalier) in 1996, and the French Légion d'honneur (Officier) in 2012. He is presently a trustee of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and a Director of the National Book Foundation and the American Academy in Rome. He serves on the Editorial Board of The Complete Works of Voltaire (Oxford University) and on the Advisory Committee of The Papers of Benjamin Franklin (Yale University). | |
2316 | Name: | Dr. Joshua Lederberg | | Institution: | Rockefeller University | | Year Elected: | 1960 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1925 | | Death Date: | February 2, 2008 | | | |
2317 | Name: | Dr. Leon M. Lederman | | Institution: | Fermi National Accelerator Lab & Illinois Institute of Technology | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1922 | | Death Date: | October 3, 2018 | | | | | Leon Lederman was an internationally renowned specialist in high energy physics and winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was involved in the discovery that there is more than one type of neutrino and led the team that found the 'bottom quark'. He retired in 1989 after ten years as the Director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. That year he became the Frank L. Sulzberger Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago, while continuing to promote science education.
After receiving his B.A. from New York City College, Columbia University awarded him an M.A. in 1948 and a Ph.D. in 1951. Dr. Lederman was associated with Columbia as both student and faculty member for more than thirty years. From 1962 to 1989 he was Director of Nevis Laboratories in Irvington, which is the Columbia Physics Department's center for experimental research in high energy physics. In addition to his own research career and administrative activities, Dr. Lederman has long recognized the importance of science education in the intellectual and economic health of society. In 1998, he became Resident Scholar at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, a three-year residential public school for gifted Illinois high school students, which he helped found in 1986.
Dr. Lederman published well over 300 papers and is the author of two popular science books: From Quarks to the Cosmos (with David Schramm) and The God Particle with Dick Teresi. He edited Portraits of Great American Scientists, written with fifteen high school students. The recipient of numerous honors and prizes, he shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics with Jack Steinberger and Mel Schwartz for their work on neutrinos. He was also the recipient of the Enrico Fermi Prize, the 1973 National Medal of Science, and the 1982 Wolf Prize. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1989. Leon Lederman died October 3, 2018 in Rexburg, Idaho at the age of 96. | |
2318 | Name: | Arthur Lee | | Year Elected: | 1768 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 12/21/1740 | | Death Date: | 12/12/1792 | | | | | Arthur Lee (21 December 1740–12 December 1792) was a diplomat, politician, lawyer, physician, and prolific polemicist, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born into a prominent planter family in Westmoreland County, Virginia, he received an M.D. from the University of Edinburgh and a law degree from London’s Inns of Court. Following a brief medical practice and election to the Royal Society, he turned to politics. Over the course of his life, he published numerous pamphlets and periodical essays attacking British imperial policy and slavery under nearly a dozen identifiable pseudonyms, including “Monitor,” “Raleigh,” and “Junius Americanus.” He is most famous for his oft-reprinted Appeal to the Justice and Interests of the People of Great Britain (1774). Lee spent much of the 1770s in London, where he served as an agent of Massachusetts, assisted Benjamin Franklin in undermining Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson, sought to unite the opposition faction in British politics to the American resistance movement, and aided the Continental Congress as a confidential correspondent. During the Revolution, he also served on the American diplomatic corps in Paris, negotiating for aid from France, Spain, and Prussia. Exacerbated by Lee’s personal eccentricities, these often frustrating missions led to public controversies with fellow diplomats Silas Deane and Franklin involving accusations of financial impropriety. After being recalled from his post in 1779, Lee was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1781 and served in the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1784. He was a negotiator of Indian treaties at Fort Stanwix and Fort McIntosh in the winter of 1784-1785 and, between 1785 and 1789, sat on the new nation’s Board of Treasury. His brother Francis Lightfoot Lee I, his nephew Thomas Lee Shippen, and his brother-in-law William Shippen, Jr. were APS members. (PI, ANB, DAB) | |
2319 | Name: | Francis L. Lee | | Year Elected: | 1768 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 10/14/1734 | | Death Date: | 1/17/1797 | | | | | Francis Lightfoot Lee (14 October 1734–17 January 1797) was a planter, slaveholder, and legislator, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election. Born to the famed Stratford branch of the Lee family of Virginia, his place in colonial British North America was assured. After early education and the death of his father Thomas, Francis inherited a plantation in Loudoun County after 1750 where he used enslaved labor to cultivate tobacco and corn for trade, while experimenting with a variety of the planter classes’ hobbies, including exotic plants and silkworms; with friend and APS Member Landon Carter Francis exchanged ideas about improving each other’s farms. Loudoun elected him to the House of Burgesses first in 1758–68, before his move to Richmond County, which he served thereafter until the Revolution. Lee rapidly established his patriotic credentials in the Stamp Act crisis, was elected to Virginia’s Revolutionary conventions in 1774–75, and then the Continental Congress in Philadelphia in summer 1775. He was a leading advocate of independence by 1776 and wholeheartedly backed his brother, Richard Henry Lee, in his July 2 resolution to declare it. For a number of reasons Lee effectively left public life in 1779. Beyond his support of the new federal plan—not least because Washington was—Lee otherwise became a homebody, content with his plantation experimentations and his books and the small pleasures of hosting guests. (PI) | |
2320 | Name: | Thomas J. Lee | | Year Elected: | 1862 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Death Date: | 12/20/1891 | | | |
| |