Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(45)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(68)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(36)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(46)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(48)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(102)
| | • | 107 |
(18)
| | • | 200 |
(1)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(64)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(35)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(39)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(34)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(22)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(13)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(40)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(33)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(37)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(14)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(58)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(75)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(110)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(79)
| | • | 305 |
(22)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(57)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(20)
| | • | 402a |
(13)
| | • | 402b |
(28)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(16)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(52)
| | • | 404a |
(23)
| | • | 404b |
(5)
| | • | 404c |
(10)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(53)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(38)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(16)
| | • | 408 |
(3)
| | • | 500 |
(1)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(48)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(52)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(213)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(12)
| | • | [405] |
(2)
|
| | 1941 | Name: | James Hutchinson | | | Year Elected: | 1779 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1/29/1752 | | | Death Date: | 9/6/1793 | | | | | | |
James Hutchinson (29 January 1752–6 September 1793) was a physician, an activist, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1779. He was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania to a Quaker family, and began his medical studies as a young man, first through an apprenticeship to druggists and, in 1771, as a student to APS Member Cadwalader Evans. Hutchinson worked as an apothecary while earning his Bachelor’s of Medicine degree from the College of Philadelphia. In 1775, he travelled to London and, urged by APS Member John Fothergill, studied surgery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Upon his return to Philadelphia, Hutchinson worked as a surgeon, physician, and obstetrician at Pennsylvania Hospital and a professor of chemistry at the newly formed University of Pennsylvania. He was a founder of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and became a member of the Philadelphia Medical Society in 1792. During the American Revolutionary War, Hutchinson worked as a surgeon for both the army and the navy, but his service and his passionate support of the American cause were at odds with the pacifist principles of his Quaker upbringing. He was disowned by the Society of Friends in 1779. His support of American independence drove him to politics, first as an elected official in the state assembly and later as a vocal agitator and founder of the Pennsylvania Democratic Society. An ideological anti-Federalist and supporter of Thomas Jefferson, he made public calls for American governmental support for the French Revolution. In August 1793, Hutchinson fell ill while treating patients during the outbreak of yellow fever in Philadelphia, and died a week later. (ANB) | |
| 1942 | Name: | James H. Hutchinson | | | Year Elected: | 1884 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1834 | | | Death Date: | 12/27/1889 | | | | |
| 1943 | Name: | Emlen Hutchinson | | | Year Elected: | 1898 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 10/24/26 | | | | |
| 1944 | Name: | Dr. G. Evelyn Hutchinson | | | Institution: | Yale University | | | Year Elected: | 1956 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1903 | | | Death Date: | 5/17/91 | | | | |
| 1945 | Name: | Ms. Ada Louise Huxtable | | | Institution: | Wall Street Journal & New York Times | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 504. Scholars in the Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | January 7, 2013 | | | | | | |
Pulitzer Prize winner Ada L. Huxtable was for many years the architecture critic for The New York Times. She received her A.B. from Hunter College and did her postgraduate studies at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. Following a stint as assistant curator of architecture and design at the Museum of Modern Art (1946-50), Ms. Huxtable became a freelance writer and contributing editor for the publications Progressive Architecture and Art in America (1950-63). She joined The New York Times as architecture critic in 1963 and served on the newspaper's editorial board from 1973 until her retirement in 1982. Ms. Huxtable has also written extensively on architecture for The Wall Street Journal. She is the author of numerous works on architecture, including Classic New York (1964), Kicked a Building Lately? (1973), The Tall Building Artistically Considered: The Search for Skyscraper Style (1985); a biography of Frank Lloyd Wright. (2004) and On Architecture: Collected Reflections on a Century of Change (2008). She was awarded the Louis Auchincloss Prize at the Museum of the City of New York in December 2008. Ada Louise Huxtable died on January 7, 2013, at the age of 91 in Manhattan. | |
| 1946 | Name: | Alpheus Hyatt | | | Year Elected: | 1895 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1839 | | | Death Date: | 1/15/02 | | | | |
| 1947 | Name: | Mr. Alberto Ibargüen | | | Institution: | John S. and James L. Knight Foundation | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | | |
Alberto Ibargüen is President and CEO of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. He earned his J.D. University of Pennsylvania in 1974. Between college and law school, he served in the Peace Corps in Venezuela and Colombia. After law school, he practiced law as a legal aid attorney and privately before joining The Hartford Courant. He then worked for Newsday in New York prior to moving to Miami where he was publisher of both The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald. During his tenure, The Miami Herald won three Pulitzer Prizes and El Nuevo Herald won Spain’s Ortega y Gasset Prize for excellence in journalism. For his work to protect journalists in Latin America, he received a Maria Moors Cabot citation from Columbia University. As president and CEO of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, Ibargüen has shifted the foundation’s focus to digital journalism and innovative social investment, supporting the creative arts in unique ways to build a sense of community.
He is a member of the boards of the Paley Center for Media and the National Museum of the American Latino, and formerly of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Wesleyan University, Smith College, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Committee to Protect Journalists, and ProPublica, as well as the Secretary of State’s Foreign Affairs Policy Board and the Citizen Advisory Committee of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. He is a former board chair of PBS, the Newseum and the World Wide Web Foundation, founded by web inventor Sir Tim Berners-Lee to promote a free and universal web. He has supported expanding minority representation on numerous boards.
Ibargüen has published several articles, including: “How our Half a Billion Investment in Minority-Owned Firms Paid Off: Knight Foundation CEO,” CNBC Philanthropy, 2017; “Our Gutenberg Moment: It’s Time to Grapple with the Internet’s Effect on Democracy,” Huffington Post, 2017; “Build Trust in Democracy by Supporting the Arts,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, 2018; “Support local news—It’s Crucial to Our Lives and Our Democracy,” Miami Herald, 2018. He has been a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences since 2015 and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2022. | |
| 1948 | Name: | Joseph P. Iddings | | | Year Elected: | 1911 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 9/8/20 | | | | |
| 1949 | Name: | Dr. Louis J. Ignarro | | | Institution: | University of Callifornia, Los Angeles | | | Year Elected: | 2007 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | | |
Louis J. Ignarro is a Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology at the UCLA School of Medicine and winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his groundbreaking discovery of the importance of nitric oxide in cardiovascular health. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Dr. Ignarro has also received numerous other special awards for his research, including the Basic Research Prize of the American Heart Association, the CIBA award for Hypertension Research, and the Roussel Uclaf Prize for Cell Communication and Signaling. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and has published over 500 scholarly articles in his career. For nearly 30 years Dr. Ignarro's research has focused on the role of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system. Among the most significant contributions from Dr. Ignarro's wealth of research is the discovery that nitric oxide is produced in the blood vessels and controls the flow of blood by signaling the vessels to expand and contract. A shortage of nitric oxide production, caused by poor diet and lack of physical activity, leads to the onset and increasing severity of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack, stroke, and high cholesterol. In addition, Dr. Ignarro's experiments in 1990 led to the discovery that nitric oxide is the neurotransmitter responsible for penile erection. The discovery made it possible to develop and market Viagra, the first oral medication for the effective treatment of erectile dysfunction. As a result of his role in this blockbuster drug, Dr. Ignarro is sometimes known as "the father of Viagra". In addition to continuing to lead an active team of researchers in his lab at UCLA, Dr. Ignarro now focuses on communicating the benefits of enhanced nitric oxide production to the general public. His goal is to wipe out heart disease using the scientific knowledge he has created. His work proves that almost all cardiovascular disease is preventable. Louis J. Ignarro was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1941, the son of uneducated Italian immigrants. He received a B.Sc. in chemistry and pharmacy from Columbia University in 1962, a Ph.D. in pharmacology from the University of Minnesota in 1966, and postdoctoral training in the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology at the National Institutes of Health in 1966-68. | |
| 1950 | Name: | Dr. John Imbrie | | | Institution: | Brown University | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | May 13, 2016 | | | | | | |
One of the founders of modern paleooceanography, John Imbrie was the Henry L. Doherty Professor of Oceanography Emeritus at Brown University at the time of his death on May 13, 2016, at the age of 90. He had taught at Brown since 1967. He earned his B.A. from Princeton University in 1948 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Yale University in 1949 and 1951, respectively. Before moving to Brown, Dr. Imbrie taught at Columbia University from 1952-67, starting as assistant professor and ultimately becoming chairman of the Department of Geological Sciences. Dr. Imbrie pioneered the use of computers to analyze microscopic marine fossil data. In the early seventies, he led an international research effort that solved the longstanding mystery of what caused the Earth's great ice ages. Using marine fossils in ocean sediments to unravel the history of the Earth's oceans and climate, Dr. Imbrie helped confirm the theory that the Earth's irregular orbital motions accounted for the climatic changes that caused vast ice sheets to wax and wane on Earth over the past million years. In addition to more than 60 articles in scientific journals dealing with the Earth's past climate, Dr. Imbrie published four books, including Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery, which he wrote with his daughter Katherine, and which won the 1976 Phi Beta Kappa prize. Dr. Imbrie was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1978, and in 1981 was awarded a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship. He was a fellow of the Geological Society of America, the American Meteorological Society and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He had been honored with Columbia University's Vetlesen Prize, the American Geophysical Union's Maurice Ewing Medal, the Lyell Medal for Geology of the Geological Society of London, and the Vega Medal of the Swedish Society of Anthropology and Geography. He also served on numerous national and international scientific advisory committees. | |
| 1951 | Name: | Dr. Daniel H. H. Ingalls | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1961 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | 7/17/99 | | | | |
| 1952 | Name: | Jared Ingersoll | | | Year Elected: | 1781 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1749 | | | Death Date: | 10/31/1822 | | | | | | |
Jared Ingersoll (October 1749–31 October 1822) was a lawyer, a signer of the U.S. Constitution, a public official and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1780. Ingersoll was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and, after graduating from Yale in 1766, moved to Philadelphia where he began a legal practice in 1778. Over the course of his career, he became one of the most prominent attorneys of the day: he represented wealthy clients including bankers and congressmen and argued significant cases before the newly-formed Supreme Court. Ingersoll served as a state attorney general from 1790–1799 and from 1811–1817, as solicitor for the city of Philadelphia from 1798–1801, and as Pennsylvania’s district attorney from 1800–1801. Ingersoll also had a notable career as a public official. He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1780 and in 1787 was selected as a representative from Pennsylvania to the Constitutional Convention. His contributions to the convention did not seem particularly noteworthy, but he did impress his fellow delegates with his keen legal understanding and his perfect attendance record. Ingersoll initially supported revising the Articles of Confederation, rather than drafting a new Constitution, but, in September 1787, he was one of the thirty-nine signers of the new document. He was a devoted member of the Federalist party and was the party’s nominee for vice president during the election of 1812. He and his running mate, Elbridge Gerry, were defeated when James Madison was re-elected, and Ingersoll returned to Philadelphia, where he worked as a judge of the city’s district court until his death in 1821. Two of his sons, Joseph Reed Ingersoll and Charles Jared Ingersoll, were also members of the American Philosophical Society. (ANB) | |
| 1953 | Name: | Charles J. Ingersoll | | | Year Elected: | 1815 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 5/14/1862 | | | | |
| 1954 | Name: | Joseph R. Ingersoll | | | Year Elected: | 1825 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 2/20/1868 | | | | |
| 1955 | Name: | Ralph I. Ingersoll | | | Year Elected: | 1848 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 8/26/1872 or 8/31 | | | | |
| 1956 | Name: | Robert Sturgis S. Ingersoll | | | Year Elected: | 1950 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1891 | | | Death Date: | 9/12/73 | | | | |
| 1957 | Name: | Samuel D. Ingham | | | Year Elected: | 1840 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1780 | | | Death Date: | 6/5/1860 | | | | |
| 1958 | Name: | William A. Ingham | | | Year Elected: | 1875 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 9/23/13 | | | | |
| 1959 | Name: | Dr. Alex Inkeles | | | Institution: | Stanford University & Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1920 | | | Death Date: | July 9, 2010 | | | | | | |
Alex Inkeles was born into modest circumstances, his parents having emigrated from Poland just before the start of World War I. Early identified as a promising student, and aided by various scholarships, he left home in Brooklyn, New York to study at Cornell University, where great teachers -- including Carl Becker, a leading historian of the French Revolution, and the sociologist Leonard Cottrell, Jr. -- set him on the path of scholarship, and served as models of what could be achieved in that realm. Shortly after beginning graduate studies at Cornell, Dr. Inkeles was called up for military service in 1942. During most of WW II, while in uniform, he served in the Office of Strategic Services, becoming an expert on the social structure of the Soviet Union, thus laying the foundation for one of his later academic specialties. After the war he continued his graduate training at Columbia University, supported by the "GI bill". There he studied with Robert Merton, Paul Lazarsfeld, Robert Lynd, and Robert MacIver. On completing his Ph.D. thesis he was called to Harvard University in 1948, and served in various ranks and capacities including Professor of Sociology and Senior Fellow in both the Russian Research Center and the Center for International Affairs. Seeking a new life he moved with his family to Stanford University in 1971, where he was Professor of Sociology and Education, as well as Senior Fellow in the Hoover Institution, until 1995, when he became Professor of Sociology Emeritus. Lists of his books and honors are available in various Who's Who type publications and other biographical sources. While such scholarly recognition and professional honors are of course very gratifying, what they do not capture for Dr. Inkeles is the sense of how rewarding it has been to train and advance the professional development of so many exceptional students.
Alex Inkeles died on July 9, 2010, at the age of 90, in Palo Alto, California. | |
| 1960 | Name: | David Irvin | | | Year Elected: | 1841 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1799 | | | Death Date: | 1872 ? | | | | |
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