Subdivision
| • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(2)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(2)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(1)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(1)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(2)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(1)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(1)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(1)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(3)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(1)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(1)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(3)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(1)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(6)
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| | 21 | Name: | Dr. David Pines | | | Institution: | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign & University of California, Davis | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | May 3, 2018 | | | | | | |
David Pines was the founding co-director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (a multicampus research program of the University of California) and Research Professor of Physics and Professor Emeritus of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, on whose faculty he had served since 1978. The recipient of two Guggenheim Fellowships, the Feenberg Medal and the Friemann, Dirac, and Drucker Prizes, Dr. Pines made seminal contributions to the theory of many-body systems and to theoretical astrophysics. His research focuses on the search for the organizing principles responsible for emergent behavior in matter, with particular attention to correlated matter, the study of materials in which unexpectedly new classes of behavior emerge in response to the strong and competing interactions among their elementary constituents. He was a member of National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences. David Pines died May 3, 2018, at age 83 in Urbana, Illinois. | |
| 22 | Name: | Dr. Michael O. Rabin | | | Institution: | Hebrew University & Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | | | | |
Michael Rabin earned his M.Sc. from the Hebrew University and his Ph.D. from Princeton University, where he received his first academic appointment. Later he served as a visiting member of the Institute for Advanced Study and as a member of the faculty at the Hebrew University, serving as its Rector (Academic Head) from 1972-75. He was also Saville Fellow at Merton College, Oxford, and Steward Fellow at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. From 1982-94 he served on the IBM Science Advisory Committee. Dr. Rabin's research interests include complexity of computations, efficient algorithms, randomized algorithms, DNA to DNA Computing, parallel and distributed computation and computer security. Among his inventions are (with Y. Aumann and Y.Z. Ding) Hyper-Encryption, the first ever encryption scheme probably providing everlasting secrecy against a computationally unbounded adversary; (with S.Micali and J. Kilian) Zero Knowledge Sets, a new primitive for privacy and security protocols; and (with W. Yang and H. Rao) a micro chip for physical generation of a strong stream of truly random bits. Dr. Rubin's accomplishments have been recognized with awards including the ACM Turing Award in Computer Science, the ACM Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award, the Rothschild Prize in Mathematics, the Weizmann Prize in Exact Sciences, the IEEE Charles Babbage Award and the Harvey Prize for Science and Technology. He is a member or foreign honorary member to academies including the National Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Since 1980 he has been Albert Einstein Professor of Mathematics at Hebrew University and since 1983 has served as Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University. | |
| 23 | Name: | Dr. Peter Hamilton Raven | | | Institution: | Missouri Botanical Garden & Washington University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | | | | |
Peter H. Raven is one of the world's leading botanists and advocates of conservation and biodiversity. For four decades, he headed the Missouri Botanical Garden, an institution he nurtured into a world-class center for botanical research and education, and horticultural display. He retired as president in 2010 and assumed the role of president emeritus and consultant through 2014. Described by Time magazine as a "Hero for the Planet," Raven champions research around the world to preserve endangered plants and is a leading advocate for conservation and a sustainable environment.
In recognition of his work in science and conservation, Raven is the recipient of numerous prizes and awards, including the 2003 Japanese Cosmos Award, the prestigious International Prize for Biology from the government of Japan and the U.S. National Medal of Science, the country's highest award for scientific accomplishment. He has held Guggenheim and John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation fellowships.
Raven was a member of President Bill Clinton's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology. He also served for 12 years as home secretary of the National Academy of Sciences and is a member of the academies of science in Argentina, Brazil, China, Denmark, India, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, the U.K., and several other countries. The author of numerous books and reports, both popular and scientific, Raven co-wrote Biology of Plants, an internationally best-selling textbook, now in its sixth edition. He also co-authored Environment, a leading textbook on the environment. | |
| 24 | Name: | Dr. Werner E. Reichardt | | | Institution: | Max Planck Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | 9/18/92 | | | | |
| 25 | Name: | Dr. Fritz Stern | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | May 18, 2016 | | | | | | |
One of America's best known historians, Fritz Stern was University Professor Emeritus at Columbia University, where he taught since receiving his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1953. Dr. Stern's prime field of interest was modern Germany, in which he had explored the financial policy that underlay Bismarck's program of national unification, contributed to intellectual history and modern historiography, and examined the connection between intellectual and political developments. He was also particularly concerned with the rise of natural science and its impact on government policy and politics in connection with his editorial work on the Einstein Papers and the history of the Max Planck Institutes. The author of books such as The Politics of Cultural Despair: A Study in the Rise of the German Ideology (1961), The Responsibility of Power (1967) and Gold and Iron: Bismarck, Bleichroder and the Building of the German Empire (1977), Dr. Stern also served on the editorial board of Foreign Affairs for many years. He had been honored with a Guggenheim fellowship, the Lionel Trilling Award and membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. In 2006 he published Five Germanys I Have Known, a look back at the many incarnations of his native land. In 2007 he received the Jacques Barzun Prize for Cultural History from the APS in recognition of that book. Fritz Stern died at his home in Manhattan on May 18, 2016, at the age of 90. | |
| 26 | Name: | Dr. Noel M. Swerdlow | | | Institution: | University of Chicago; California Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | Death Date: | July 24, 2021 | | | | | | |
A leading authority in the history of mathematical astronomy, Noel M. Swerdlow is a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology as well as Professor Emeritus of Astronomy and Astrophysics and of History at the University of Chicago. He has served on the Chicago faculty since 1982. Based on an outstanding knowledge of the sources ranging from Oriental to Western and extending over the period from early antiquity to the Copernican, his research is primarily concerned with the history of the exact science from antiquity through the seventeenth century. In his teaching he covers the history of the physical sciences in general. Dr. Swerdlow's published work includes "On Copernicus' Theory of Precession" (1975), "Blackstone's Newtonian Dissent" (1994), "Astronomy in the Renaissance" (1996) and "The Babylonian Theory of the Planets" (1998). He earned his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1968. | |
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