Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(45)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(68)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(36)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(46)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(48)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(102)
| | • | 107 |
(18)
| | • | 200 |
(1)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(64)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(35)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(39)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(34)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(22)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(13)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(40)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(33)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(37)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(14)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(58)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(75)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(110)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(79)
| | • | 305 |
(22)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(57)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(20)
| | • | 402a |
(13)
| | • | 402b |
(28)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(16)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(52)
| | • | 404a |
(23)
| | • | 404b |
(5)
| | • | 404c |
(10)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(53)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(38)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(16)
| | • | 408 |
(3)
| | • | 500 |
(1)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(48)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(52)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(213)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(12)
| | • | [405] |
(2)
|
| | 681 | Name: | Samuel C. Chew | | | Year Elected: | 1951 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1889 | | | Death Date: | 1/15/60 | | | | |
| 682 | Name: | Dr. John T. Chew | | | Institution: | W.H. Newbold's Son & Co. | | | Year Elected: | 1974 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1918 | | | Death Date: | 1/4/88 | | | | |
| 683 | Name: | Edward P. Cheyney | | | Year Elected: | 1904 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1861 | | | Death Date: | 2/1/47 | | | | |
| 684 | Name: | George W. Childs | | | Year Elected: | 1886 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1830 | | | Death Date: | 2/3/1894 | | | | |
| 685 | Name: | Gilbert Chinard | | | Year Elected: | 1932 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1882 | | | Death Date: | 2/8/72 | | | | |
| 686 | Name: | Dr. John S. Chipman | | | Institution: | University of Minnesota | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | 2022 | | | | | | |
John Chipman received a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins University in 1951. He was assistant professor of economics at Harvard University from 1951-55 and moved to the University of Minnesota, where he is currently Regents' Professor of Economics Emeritus, in 1955. John Chipman is an economist's economist, enjoying the highest respect as a scholar who has made important contributions in several diverse fields within and on the borders of economics. His main contributions are to utility theory, to the theory of aggregation (with profound implications for questions such as how to conceptualise and measure trade in "similar" products, or what is called "intra-industry trade"), and to many other analytical issues in the theory of international trade. He is also an important scholar of the history of international trade theory and its evolution from the earliest times. Dr. Chipman is among the most important and influential theorists of his generation. He received the James Murray Luck Award from the National Academy of Sciences in 1981 and a Festschrift presented by students and scholars in 1999. He is a fellow of the Econometric Society, the American Statistical Association, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a distinguished fellow of the American Economics Association, an elected member of the International Statistical Institute, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2000. | |
| 687 | Name: | Russell H. Chittenden | | | Year Elected: | 1904 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1855 | | | Death Date: | 12/26/43 | | | | |
| 688 | Name: | Langdon Chives | | | Year Elected: | 1821 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1776 | | | Death Date: | 6/25/1857 | | | | |
| 689 | Name: | Dr. Alfred Y. Cho | | | Institution: | Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | | |
Alfred Y. Cho was born July 10, 1937 in Beijing, China. He retired as the Semiconductor Research Vice President, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies in 2001. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois in 1960, 1961, and 1968, respectively. In 1961, prior to obtaining his Ph.D. degree, he worked at Ion Physics Corporation, Burlington, Massachusetts, a subsidiary of High Voltage Engineering Corporation, where he studied charged micron-sized solid particles in high electric fields. In 1962, he joined TRW-Space Technology Laboratories, Redondo Beach, California, and engaged in research in high current density ion beams. He returned to the University of Illinois in 1965 and received a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering in 1968. Upon his graduation in 1968, he joined Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey as a Member of Technical Staff and was promoted to Department Head in 1984. He was named Director of the Materials Processing Research Laboratory in 1987 and Semiconductor Research Vice President in 1990. He is now an Adjunct Semiconductor Research Vice President, Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Illinois. He has made seminal contributions to materials science and physical electronics through his pioneering development of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) crystal growth process. He demonstrated that MBE could be used to prepare epitaxial films one atomic layer at a time, with exceptional control at atomic dimensions and further showed that these films could be the basis of devices with never before realized electrical and optical properties. His work has bridged many disciplines ranging from fundamental quantum physics, through epitaxial crystal growth, to device fabrication and testing. The capabilities of MBE have allowed new fields of materials research to develop. The ability to precisely make quantum wells has had a far-reaching impact, ranging from classroom physics to revolutions in electronic and optical devices for the consumer electronics, computer and communications industries MBE is broadly used today for advanced multilayer crystal growth and has led to radically new devices including high-speed transistors, microwave devices, laser diodes and detectors. Most of the semiconductor lasers used in today's compact disc players and CD-ROM'S are manufactured using MBE-grown material. Presently, MBE is used to produce the Hall sensors used as disk drive speed controllers for computers and VCRs. High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) which are utilized as high speed circuit components and in high frequency, low noise, direct broadcast satellite and wireless communications are manufactured by MBE. This impact of MBE on fundamental science has been as dramatic as its impact on semiconductor technology. A significant ongoing contribution of MBE is the experimental generation of low dimensional systems. The discovery of an entirely new state of electrons, the fractional quantized Hall effect, was made possible as a result of MBE crystal quality. More recently (1994) he and coworkers demonstrated a fundamentally new type of laser which is a unipolar intersubband semiconductor laser called the quantum cascade (QC) laser. Dr. Cho has authored over 590 papers in surface physics, crystal growth, and device physics and performance. He holds 75 patents on crystal growth and semiconductor devices related to MBE. He is a recipient of the Electronics Division Award of the Electrochemical Society (1977), the American Physical Society International Prize for New Materials (1982), the IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Award (1982), the GaAs Symposium Award - Ford (1986), the Heinrich Welker Medal - Siemens (1986), the Solid State Science and Technology Medal of the Electrochemical Society (1987), the World Materials Congress Award of ASM International (1988), the Gaede-Langmuir Award of the American Vacuum Society (1988), the Industrial Research Institute Achievement Award of the Industrial Research Institute, Inc. (1988), the New Jersey Governor's Thomas Alva Edison Science Award (1990), the International Crystal Growth Award of the American Association for Crystal Growth (1990), the Asian American Corporate Achievement Award (1992), the AT&T Bell Labs Fellow Award (1992), the National Medal of Science, presented by President Clinton (1993), the Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1993-94), the IEEE Medal of Honor (1994), the Materials Research Society Von Hippel Award (1994), The Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute (1995), the Computer and Communications Prize of the C & C Foundation, Japan (1995), the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame (1997), Honorary Doctor of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1999), the Willis E. Lamb Medal for Laser Physics (2000), the University of Illinois Alumni Achievement Award (2000), the IEEE Third Millennium Medal (2000), the NASA Group Achievement Award (2000), Honorary Doctor of Science Degree, City University of Hong Kong (2000) and the Honorary Doctor of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (2001), and the 2005 National Medal of Technology, announced and presented by President Bush in 2007. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, the American Physical Society, and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He is a member of the U. S. National Academy of Engineering (1985), the National Academy of Sciences (1985), the Third World Academia of Sciences (1987), the Academia Sinica (1990), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1996), and the American Philosophical Society (1996). He is married to Mona Willoughby; they have four children, Derek, Deidre, Brynna, and Wendy. His outside interests include painting, calligraphy, photography, table tennis, and most recently, learning how to play golf. | |
| 690 | Name: | Joseph H. Choate | | | Year Elected: | 1906 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1832 | | | Death Date: | 5/14/17 | | | | |
| 691 | Name: | Dr. Noam Chomsky | | | Institution: | University of Arizona | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | | | | |
Noam Chomsky is currently Laureate Professor of Linguistics, Agnese Nelms Haury Chair at the University of Arizona, having moved from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the fall of 2017. He has created a theory of generative grammar that unites formal analysis of natural language with the search for explanatory models in linguistics, and has adapted that theory to the description of individual languages. Dr. Chomsky holds that grammar represents the speaker's tacit knowledge of the language and so must be part of the mind/brain structure. He has argued that children learning a first language do not receive sufficient information to account for the knowledge they come to have; hence some knowledge of language must be genetically determined as part of a species-universal faculty of mind he calls Universal Grammar. For over 50 years Dr. Chomsky served on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; he has held the title of Institute Professor since 1976. When he left, he held the title of Institute Professor Emeritus and Professor of Linguistics Emeritus and had just won the 2016 Peace Abbey Foundation Courage of Conscience Award. He is the author of numerous works, including Syntactic Structures (1957); Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (1964); Language and Mind (1968); Linguistic Theory (1975); Knowledge of Language (1986); The Minimalist Program (1995); and On Nature and Language (2002). Dr. Chomsky is also well known for his political activism, from his 1967 essay "The Responsibility of Intellectuals" to more recent explorations of media control, terrorism, anarchism and democracy. His 2003 book Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance received considerable attention following a recommendation from Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez during his 2006 speech at the United Nations. According to the Arts and Humanities Citation Index, between 1980 and 1992 Dr. Chomsky was cited as a source more often than any other living scholar, and the eighth most cited scholar overall. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and holds a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. | |
| 692 | Name: | Dr. Purnell W. Choppin | | | Institution: | Howard Hughes Medical Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 209. Neurobiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | July 3, 2021 | | | | | | |
Purnell W. Choppin was President Emeritus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), serving from 1987-99. HHMI, one of the world's largest philanthropic organizations, supports research at medical schools, universities, and research institutes across the country and operates grants programs for science education at every level from elementary school through postdoctoral training, and for international biomedical research. He is also a principal of The Washington Advisory Group, LLC, which provides strategic counsel and management consulting services to universities, governments, and not-for-profit organizations. Before joining HHMI, Dr. Choppin was at the Rockefeller University, where he was Leon Hess Professor of Virology, vice president for academic programs, and dean of graduate studies. Dr. Choppin was a member of many scientific and professional societies, including the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and the Association of American Physicians. In 1985-86 he was President of the American Society for Virology. His honors and awards include the Howard Taylor Ricketts Award from the University of Chicago (1978); the Selman A. Waksman Award for excellence in microbiology from the NAS (1984); the University of California, San Francisco Medal (2000); and many honorary degrees. Dr. Choppin was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1988. He died on July 3, 2021. | |
| 693 | Name: | Dr. Joanne Chory | | | Institution: | The Salk Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute | | | Year Elected: | 2015 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | | |
Joanne Chory is an Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and is Professor at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, where she directs the Plant Biology Laboratory. She is also Adjunct Professor of Biology at the University of California, San Diego.
Dr. Chory is distinguished for her many contributions to modern plant biology. She and her lab members use the model plant, Arabidopsis, to identify pathways involved in plant growth, including components of the photoreceptor pathways that link changes in the light environment with plasticity of plant form.
A native of Massachusetts, Joanne Chory received an A.B. degree in biology with honors from Oberlin College, OH, a Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and conducted postdoctoral research at Harvard Medical School. In 1988, she joined the faculty of the Salk Institute, where she has remained. Dr. Chory has served on numerous advisory committees and editorial boards, and is the recipient of several awards. In addition to the APS, she is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Chory is a foreign member of the Royal Society of London and the French Academie des Sciences and a member of the German National Academy of Sciences. Her awards include the Breakthrough Prize (2018), the Gruber Genetics Prize (2018), and the the 2020 Pearl Meister Greengard Prize. | |
| 694 | Name: | Dr. Gregory C. Chow | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | | | | |
Gregory C. Chow has been a major figure in econometrics and applied economics. Every beginning econometrics student learns the "Chow test", a statistical test for structural change in a regression. However, Dr. Chow's work extends far beyond his eponymous test. He was a major figure in the postwar flowering of econometrics, and his applied work included important research in microeconomics, macroeconomics, and development economics (particularly in reference to Southeast Asia). He has also been a major adviser on economic policy, economic reform, and economic education in both Taiwan and mainland China. Gregory Chow grew up in Guangdong province in South China, one of seven children in a wealthy family. His father, Tin-Pong Chow, served as the chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Guangzhou (the capital city of Guangdong, formerly Canton) for many years; his mother, Pauline Law Chow, studied in England. When the Japanese invaded China in 1937, the Chow family moved from Guangzhou to Hong Kong where Gregory attended primary school. In 1942, after the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the family moved to Macao. The Chow family returned to Guangzhou in 1945, at the end of World War II. At the age of five Gregory learned swimming and the Chinese art of Taichi, both his father's hobbies, and he still practices both almost daily. Dr. Chow entered Cornell University as a sophomore in 1948, after one year at Lingnan University in Guangzhou. Being mathematically inclined, he took advantage of the strong mathematics department at Cornell. But in the economics department, mathematical economics and econometrics were largely absent from the curriculum, and Dr. Chow had to study these topics on his own. He learned enough to know that he wanted to specialize in econometrics. He went on to graduate study at the University of Chicago, entering in the fall of 1951. The 1950s were a heroic period for Chicago economics, with Milton Friedman the dominant intellectual figure. Dr. Chow was strongly influenced by Friedman's views that economic models should be kept simple and judged mainly on their ability to explain the data. At Chicago Dr. Chow took courses from other luminaries, such as the philosopher Rudoph Carnap, Henrik Houthakker, Tjalling Koopmans, William Kruskal, Jacob Marschak, L. J. Savage, and Allan Wallis. He also attended a seminar on methodology in the social sciences organized by Friedrich Hayek. The seminar's participants included the physicist Enrico Fermi, Friedman, Savage, Wallis, and fellow student Gary Becker. Dr. Chow's doctoral dissertation, which became a standard reference in empirical economics, was a study of the factors determining the demand for automobiles. After the publication of his thesis, Dr. Chow was invited by Al Harberger of Chicago to write a paper extending his work. Dr. Chow was curious to see whether the equations he had estimated in his thesis were applicable to data outside the sample period, and so he developed a statistical test for stability of the coefficients of a regression over time. This work was the origin of the Chow test. Dr. Chow's first position after receiving his Ph.D. in 1955 was at the Sloan School of Management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which had the only economics department that rivaled Chicago in the early 1950s. At M.I.T. during those years Paul Samuelson was doing pioneering work in mathematical economics, and Robert Solow was developing the model of economic growth that remains central to current thinking on growth and business cycles. Thus, at both Chicago and M.I.T., Dr. Chow was fortunate to have been exposed to some of the most fertile thinkers in early postwar economics. From M.I.T., Dr. Chow accepted a tenured position at Cornell, his alma mater, in 1959. But he found the environment there less suitable, and so he accepted an offer from Ralph Gomory to join the IBM Thomas Watson Research Center at Yorktown Heights, New York, for a year. Dr. Chow so liked IBM that after a few months he resigned his professorship at Cornell to join the company---quite an unusual career move at the time. Dr. Chow was highly productive at IBM, doing work in econometrics, applied economics (including studies of the demand for money, the demand for computers, and the multiplier-accelerator model of Keynesian macroeconomics), and dynamic economics. While at IBM Dr. Chow also applied his economic analysis and judgment together with his econometric skills to advise on corporate planning and to solve business problems for the company. Beginning in the middle 1960s, he also visited Taiwan often and served as a major economic adviser to the Taiwanese government. In 1970 Dr. Chow accepted a professorship at Princeton University, succeeding Oskar Morgenstern as the Director of the Econometric Research Program. He remained director for almost three decades, stepping down in 1997. In 2001 Princeton University renamed the Program the Gregory C. Chow Econometric Research Program in his honor. At Princeton he continued to do innovative research in both econometrics and applied economics. His econometric research included the study of simultaneous equation systems, both linear and nonlinear; full-information maximum likelihood estimation; estimation with missing observations; estimation of large macroeconomic models; and modeling and forecasting with time series methods. Combining econometrics, economic theory, and macroeconomics, Dr. Chow did path-breaking work on optimal control theory and its application to stochastic economic systems. In more recent years he developed and championed a solution approach for dynamic optimization problems using Lagrange multiplier methods. Dr. Chow also published a number of monographs and popular textbooks (his econometrics textbook has been translated into Chinese and Polish). Among his eleven books are: Demand for Automobiles for the United States (1957); Analysis and Control of Dynamic Economic Systems (1975); Econometrics (1983); The Chinese Economy (1985); Dynamic Economics (1997); China's Economic Transformation (2002) and Knowing China (2004). From the middle 1960s Dr. Chow became increasingly interested in the economies of Taiwan and later China and Hong Kong, an interest that would result in many scholarly books and articles. Dr. Chow visited East Asia many times, establishing contacts with policy-makers and businesspeople. He observed and influenced the remarkable growth of Taiwan and Hong Kong and played a role in the transformation of the economy of mainland China from a centrally planned economy to one with a large and robust market sector. In the process Dr. Chow has become a well-known figure in China. He also did a great deal for ties between China and the United States, including supporting education programs for Chinese students in both countries. His experiences and writings on China were the basis for a popular undergraduate course on the Chinese economy that Dr. Chow taught regularly at Princeton for many years. What may yet become his most influential book, China's Economic Transformation, was published by Blackwell in early 2002. In this book Dr. Chow studied the process of Chinese economic transformation, as influenced by a combination of historical-institutional factors, government policy choices, and market-based incentives. Dr. Chow is a member of Academia Sinica and a fellow of the American Statistical Association and of the Econometric Society. He was chairman of the American Economic Association's Committee on Exchanges in Economics with the People's Republic of China from 1981-94 and co-chairman of the U.S. Committee on Economics Education and Research in China from 1985-94. He served as adviser to the Premier and the Commission on Restructuring the Economic System of the PRC on the reform of China's economy. He has been appointed Honorary Professor at Fudan, Hainan, Nankai, Shandong, the People's and Zhongshan Universities and the City University of Hong Kong, and has received honorary doctorate degrees from Zhongzhan University and Lingnan University in Hong Kong. Dr. Chow's wife, Paula K. Chow, is the director of Princeton's International Center. She co-founded the center in 1974, with Louise Sayen, as a volunteer organization. With the help of over one hundred volunteers, friends and students, the center serves the needs of Princeton's international and internationally-minded students and scholars. It also has initiated many intercultural programs on and off campus. Paula Chow is a popular figure in the Princeton community, and Gregory often jokes that he is best known in Princeton as Paula's husband. The couple has two sons, John and James, both engineers, and a daughter, Meimei, a radiologist. | |
| 695 | Name: | Dr. Carol T. Christ | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley; Smith College | | | Year Elected: | 2013 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | | |
Carol T. Christ is, as of July 2017, the Chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley. An esteemed scholar of English literature and a recognized leader in higher education, Carol T. Christ was the 10th president of Smith College. She retired as president in June 2013. Christ came to Smith in 2002 following a 30-year career in teaching and administration at the University of California, Berkeley, which culminated in her appointment as executive vice chancellor, the university’s top academic officer. At Smith, Christ has led a comprehensive strategic planning process to identify the distinctive intellectual traditions of the Smith curriculum and to develop students’ essential capacities. The Smith Design for Learning: A Plan to Reimagine a Liberal Arts Education identifies priority areas - among them, international studies, environmental sustainability, and community engagement - for significant investment over the coming decade. The product of two years of intensive work and the engagement of thousands of alumnae, faculty, staff and students, The Smith Design underscores Smith’s mission to "educate women of promise for lives of distinction." Under Christ’s leadership, Smith undertook one of the most ambitious capital projects in the college’s history: Ford Hall, a state-of-the-art, sustainably designed classroom and laboratory facility named in recognition of its lead donor, the Ford Motor Company Fund. Opened in fall 2009, Ford Hall is home to the college’s pioneering Picker Engineering Program as well as the departments of molecular biology, chemistry, biochemistry and computer science. In 2010, Christ launched The Futures Initiative, a year-long strategic-thinking project focused on 2020 and beyond, which examined the college’s academic and financial models in the context of trends in higher education. Participants - trustees, faculty and senior campus leaders - engaged questions of demographics, globalization, pre- and post-college education, and diverse pathways toward an undergraduate degree, with the aim of positioning Smith for long-term success.
Over the decade of Christ’s leadership, the student body has become notably more diverse and international, reflecting a commitment to educating students who are prepared to assume leadership roles around the world. Christ has extended Smith’s global ties, through partnerships such as Women’s Education Worldwide, an organization of women’s colleges in 20 countries, and the Women in Public Service Project, a founding partnership of the Department of State and the five leading U.S. women’s colleges to train a new generation of women to enter the public sector with the skills and passion to address global challenges. In spring 2012, Smith agreed to serve as the academic planning partner for a new liberal arts university for women, the Asian Women’s Leadership University, in Malaysia.
Christ graduated with honors from Douglass College and received her doctorate from Yale University.
As president, she continued to teach, offering seminars on science and literature, and on the arts. In 2004 she was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in recognition of her accomplishments in higher education. In 2007 Yale University Graduate School presented Christ with its highest honor, the Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal, in recognition of her distinguished achievements in scholarship, teaching, academic administration and public service. In 2011 she was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by the American College of Greece for her service to education and public life. Carol Christ was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. | |
| 696 | Name: | James Christie | | | Year Elected: | 1908 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1840 | | | Death Date: | 8/24/11 | | | | |
| 697 | Name: | The Honorable Warren Christopher | | | Institution: | O'Melveny & Myers | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | March 18, 2011 | | | | | | |
A veteran of three Democratic administrations, Warren Christopher was an accomplished policy maker and lawyer with years of distinguished public and private service. As Deputy Secretary of State for President Carter (1977-81) he skillfully negotiated the release of 52 American hostages in Iran, and he was instrumental in the normalization of relations with China and the ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. As Secretary of State for President Clinton (1993-97), his foreign policy successes included a historic peace accord in the Balkans, a cease-fire between Great Britain and the Irish Republican Army, resumption of formal relations with Vietnam, resolution of potential nuclear arms problems with North Korea, and a peace accord between Israel and the Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza. For his achievements in public service Mr. Christopher was awarded the Medal of Freedom (1981), and, as a native North Dakotan, that state's Roughrider Award. Prior to his appointment under President Clinton, Mr. Christopher served as chairman of the law firm O'Melveny & Myers, with which he remained associated as a senior partner until his death. He was a graduate of Stanford University Law School (LL.B., 1949), where he was the founder and president of the Stanford Law Review. Warren Christopher died March 18, 2011, at the age of 85, in Los Angeles, California. | |
| 698 | Name: | Dr. Steven Chu | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
Steve Chu became Berkeley Lab's sixth director on August 1, 2004 and served in that capacity through 2008, when he was named Secretary of Energy in the incoming Obama Administration. He was confirmed as Secretary on January 20, 2009 and returned to Stanford in 2013 as William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Humanities and Sciences, Professor of Physics, and Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
A Nobel Prize-winning scholar and international expert in atomic physics, laser spectroscopy, biophysics and polymer physics, Dr. Chu oversaw the oldest and most varied of the Department of Energy's multi-program research laboratories, the Berkeley Lab. Berkeley Lad has an annual budget of over $600 million and a workforce of about 4,000. His distinguished career in laboratory research began as a postdoctoral fellow in physics at the University of California's Berkeley campus from 1976-78, during which time he also utilized the facilities of Berkeley Lab. His first career appointment was as a member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, N.J. where, from 1978-87, his achievements with laser spectroscopy and quantum physics became widely recognized. During the last four years there, he was Head of the Quantum Electronics Research Department, during which time much of his groundbreaking work in cooling and trapping atoms by laser took place. That work eventually led to the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, an honor he shared with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of France and United States colleague William D. Phillips. Their discoveries, focusing on the so-called "optical tweezers" laser trap, were instrumental in the study of fundamental phenomena and in measuring important physical quantities with unprecedented precision. At the time, Dr. Chu was the Theodore and Frances Geballe Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University, where he remained for 17 years as a highly decorated scientist, teacher and administrator. While at Stanford, he chaired the physics department from 1990-93 and from 1999-2001. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and l'Academica Sinica. He is also a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Korean Academy of Sciences and Technology. Dr. Chu has won dozens of awards in addition to the Nobel Prize, including the Science for Art Prize, the Herbert Broida Prize for Spectroscopy, the Richtmeyer Memorial Prize Lecturer, the King Faisal International Prize for Science, the Arthur Schawlow Prize for Laser Science, and the William Meggers Award for Laser Spectroscopy. He was a Humboldt Senior Scientist and a Guggenheim Fellow. In 2008 he delivered the Hans Bethe Lecture at Cornell University entitled "The World's Energy Problem and What We Can Do About It." Born in St. Louis and raised in New York, Dr. Chu earned an A.B. in mathematics and a B.S. in physics at the University of Rochester and a Ph.D. in physics at UC Berkeley. He is author or co-author of more that 200 articles and professional papers, and over two dozen former members of his group are now professors at leading research universities around the world. | |
| 699 | Name: | John Church | | | Year Elected: | 1802 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1774 | | | Death Date: | 11/12/1806 | | | | |
| 700 | Name: | Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone | | | Institution: | National Academy of Sciences; University of California, Irvine | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | Death Date: | November 5, 2016 | | | | | | |
Ralph Cicerone received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering, with a minor in physics, from the University of Illinois in 1970. He joined the faculty of the University of Michigan in 1972 as a research scientist and assistant professor in the department of electrical and computer engineering. In 1978 he moved to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, where he was a research chemist. He served as a senior scientist and Director of the Atmospheric Chemistry Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research from 1980-89. He then became the Daniel G. Aldrich Professor of Earth System Science at the University of California, Irvine, where he chaired the department of Earth System Science from 1989-94. Dr. Cicerone was appointed Chancellor of the University of California, Irvine in 1998. In 2005 he became President of the National Academy of Sciences and was reelected in 2011. He served until 2016. Ralph Cicerone's research has greatly increased our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of trace gases through the atmosphere, especially concerning ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gases such as methane. He was one of the first to point out the potential for global ozone depletion by stratospheric chlorine. With Ramanathan and with Dickinson, he wrote early papers on the radiative forcing of global climate change due to trace gases and he lectured widely on human causes of climate change and energy usage. In addition to the cumulative body of research, he was a leader in science policy issues. Dr. Cicerone received the United Nations Environment Program Ozone Award in 1997, the Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science from the Franklin Institute in 1998, and the American Geophysical Union's 2002 Roger Revelle Medal in recognition of outstanding research contributions to the understanding of the Earth's atmospheric processes, and the 2004 Einstein Prize for Science from the World Cultural Council. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Accademia dei Lincei and the Russian Academy of Sciences, he also served as president of the American Geophysical Union. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2000. Ralph Cicerone died November 5, 2016, at the age of 73. | |
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