Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(45)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(68)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(36)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(46)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(48)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(102)
| | • | 107 |
(18)
| | • | 200 |
(1)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(64)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(35)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(39)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(34)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(22)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(13)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(40)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(33)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(37)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(14)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(58)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(75)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(110)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(79)
| | • | 305 |
(22)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(57)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(20)
| | • | 402a |
(13)
| | • | 402b |
(28)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(16)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(52)
| | • | 404a |
(23)
| | • | 404b |
(5)
| | • | 404c |
(10)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(53)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(38)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(16)
| | • | 408 |
(3)
| | • | 500 |
(1)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(48)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(52)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(213)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(12)
| | • | [405] |
(2)
|
| | 641 | Name: | Dr. William B. Castle | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1939 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1897 | | | Death Date: | 8/9/90 | | | | |
| 642 | Name: | Samuel Castner | | | Year Elected: | 1887 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1844 | | | Death Date: | 3/3/29 | | | | |
| 643 | Name: | Willa Sibert Cather | | | Year Elected: | 1934 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1873 | | | Death Date: | 4/24/47 | | | | |
| 644 | Name: | Dr. Isaac Cathrall | | | Year Elected: | 1796 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1763 | | | Death Date: | 2/22/1819 | | | | |
| 645 | Name: | W.C. Cattell | | | Year Elected: | 1871 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1828 | | | Death Date: | 2/11/1898 | | | | |
| 646 | Name: | J. McKean Cattell | | | Year Elected: | 1888 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1861 | | | Death Date: | 1/20/44 | | | | |
| 647 | Name: | Dr. Stanley Cavell | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 407. Philosophy | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | June 19, 2018 | | | | | | |
Stanley Cavell was one of the most distinguished and most independent American philosophers of the last half-century. His major interests center on the relation of the analytical tradition (especially the work of Austin and Wittgenstein) with key figures of the Continental tradition (for example, Heidegger and Nietzsche); with American philosophy (especially Emerson and Thoreau); and with the arts (for example, Shakespeare, film, and opera). At a time when one hears the fear that American philosophy is limiting itself to philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of language and logic and European philosophy is dominated by Postmodernism, Dr. Cavell was perhaps the outstanding example of a philosopher who is simultaneously humanistic and rigorous. The extent of his influence was testified to by the fact that he had been the subject of books and collections of papers in the United States, England, Germany, France, Spain and Japan. In 1997 Dr. Cavell became Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value Emeritus at Harvard University, where he had taught since 1963. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1961 and was a Junior Fellow in Harvard's Society of Fellows from 1953 to 1956. He earned his A.B. in music at the University of California, Berkeley in 1947 and returned to Berkeley as an assistant professor of philosophy from 1956 to 1962. Stanley Cavell died June 19, 2018, at the age of 91 in Boston, Massachusetts. | |
| 648 | Name: | Dr. Thomas R. Cech | | | Institution: | University of Colorado, Boulder; Howard Hughes Medical Institute | | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1947 | | | | | | |
Tom Cech is one of the world's leading biochemists and the discoverer of the enzymatic activity of RNA, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1989. He is a marvelous teacher, dedicated to education at all levels, and a distinguished spokesman for science. President of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) from 2000-2009, Dr. Cech is presently an HHMI investigator serving on the faculties of the University of Colorado (since 1978) and the Health Sciences Center, Denver (since 1988). He is the recipient of the Gairdner Foundation International Award (1988); the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (1988); the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award (1988); and the National Medal of Science (1995) and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1987); the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1988); and the Institute of Medicine (2000). | |
| 649 | Name: | Dr. Vinton G. Cerf | | | Institution: | Google | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 107 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | | | | |
Vinton G. Cerf is vice president and chief Internet evangelist for Google. Cerf served as a senior vice president of MCI from 1994-2005, as vice president of the Corporation for National Research Initiatives from 1986-1994, as vice president of MCI from 1982-1986, and as Principal Scientist, United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Information Processing Techniques Office from 1976-1982. Cerf was a member of the Stanford University faculty from 1972-1976. He served as chairman of the board of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) from 2000-2007 and was founding president of the Internet Society.
Widely known as one of the "Fathers of the Internet," Cerf is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet. He received the U.S. National Medal of Technology in 1997 and the 2004 ACM Alan M. Turing Award. In November 2005, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and in April 2008 the Japan Prize. In 2018 he won a Science Award from the Franklin Institute. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, ACM, and American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the International Engineering Consortium, the Computer History Museum. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences. He is an honorary Freeman of the City of London. Cerf holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from Stanford University and Master of Science and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from UCLA. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 650 | Name: | Zachariah Chafee | | | Year Elected: | 1946 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1885 | | | Death Date: | 2/8/57 | | | | |
| 651 | Name: | Lionel Chalmers | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1715 | | | Death Date: | 1777 | | | | | | |
Lionel Chalmers (1715–May 1777) was a physician and public officeholder, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, via his 1768 election to the American Society. Born in Scotland, he arrived in South Carolina in 1737. He spent the majority of his life in the study and pursuit of medicine. After a brief time in Christ Church parish, he had moved to Charleston by 1740 where he remained permanently. He partnered with the leading physician in the area, Dr. John Lining, and this relationship would influence Chalmers in a number of ways. In addition to Lining’s mentorship in medicine, the doctor kept regular records of the weather to study both meteorological changes and conditions and their possible effects on diseases. Chalmers drew on Linings work before beginning his own explorations into the relationship between climates and diseases, a pressing matter given the Carolina Low Country’s ongoing battle with various fevers. His interest in the natural world and medicine brought him into ventures and correspondence with a number of like-minded men in Philadelphia including APS members William and John Bartram as well as Benjamin Rush. Between his practice, his own research, and membership to a number of institutions including the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh and the Charleston Library Society, Chalmers remained a lifelong learner. Maybe that is why Chalmers, even as the principal (and published) physician in Charleston, still longed for a university degree. His desire was at last fulfilled in 1756 when St. Andrews awarded him the degree of doctor of medicine. (PI) | |
| 652 | Name: | Joseph P. Chamberlain | | | Year Elected: | 1940 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1875 | | | Death Date: | 5/21/51 | | | | |
| 653 | Name: | Thomas C. Chamberlin | | | Year Elected: | 1905 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1843 | | | Death Date: | 11/16/28 | | | | |
| 654 | Name: | Rollin T. Chamberlin | | | Year Elected: | 1943 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1882 | | | Death Date: | 5/6/48 | | | | |
| 655 | Name: | Dr. Ross Chambers | | | Institution: | University of Michigan | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1934 | | | Death Date: | October 18, 2017 | | | | | | |
Born in Australia and educated in large part in France, Ross Chambers first established himself as among the world's leading Nerval and Baudelaire scholars, then later became one of this country's most eminent theorists of narratology and the historical place of literature. Over his many years of teaching at the University of Michigan, where he was Melvin Felheim Distinguished University Professor Emeritus, Dr. Chambers became legendary for his role as mentor to younger generations of scholars. His generosity and critical acuity made him universally liked and respected. His work was known and cited in both the U.S. and France - he published regularly in both languages - and after his retirement from active teaching in 2002, he was more active than ever in the profession. To highlight a few of his many books: Meaning and Meaningfulness carefully investigates the way texts create and readers activate meanings; Story and Situation contributes importantly to the study of narrative, and particularly the communicative situations activated by narrative; Mélancolie et Opposition explores the beginnings of modernism in France in the wake of the Revolution of 1848, stressing the importance of textual context on the production of meaning; and Room for Maneuver posits reading as an "oppositional practice productive of change"; it demonstrates how literature simultaneously draws upon and opposes the authoritative texts upon which it depends. Ross Chambers died October 18, 2017, at the age of 84. | |
| 656 | Name: | Henry M. Chance | | | Year Elected: | 1880 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1856 | | | Death Date: | 2/19/37 | | | | |
| 657 | Name: | Dr. Britton Chance | | | Institution: | University of Pennsylvania | | | Year Elected: | 1958 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1913 | | | Death Date: | November 16, 2010 | | | | | | |
Britton Chance had been Eldridge Reeves Johnson University Professor Emeritus of Biophysics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine since 1983. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Pennyslvania in 1940 and was affiliated with the university for over 65 years, primarily in its biophysics and biochemistry departments. During the war years he led advances in radar and automatic ship steering and later designed experiments which demonstrated a mastery of cellular physiology. Using revolutionary methods he also made fundamental discoveries in the complex interrelations of substrate-enzyme systems. Dr. Chance's recent research interests included the study of the basic theory of photon migration through tissues; the use of picosecond pulsed and high frequency modulation of near infrared (NIR) light in human brain, breast and muscle, to characterize tissue optical properties; the use of imaging systems to detect breast tumors and hemorrhage deep within tissues; and human brain function in cognitive activity. Dr. Chance was a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1954) and American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1955) and has over 1,300 original scientific publications to his credit. In 1990 Dr. Chance was presented with the American Philosophical Society's Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences. The citation described Dr. Chance as "a monumental figure in biology and the medical sciences, whose unequalled productivity and energy have advanced, for more than half a century, the frontiers of basic research and clinical medicine." Britton Chance died November 16, 2010, at age 97, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. | |
| 658 | Name: | Charles F. Chandler | | | Year Elected: | 1875 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1837 | | | Death Date: | 8/25/25 | | | | |
| 659 | Name: | Dr. Alfred D. Chandler | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1984 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1918 | | | Death Date: | May 9, 2007 | | | | |
| 660 | Name: | Dr. Vicki L. Chandler | | | Institution: | Minerva University | | | Year Elected: | 2015 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1950 | | | | | | |
Dr. Chandler’s career spans the fields of education, science and non-profit leadership. She joined Minerva Schools at KGI as Dean of Natural Sciences in 2015. Prior to joining Minerva, Dr. Chandler was a Chief Program Officer for 6 years, leading the Science Program for the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, which invests approximately $100 million per year to advance scientific innovation and discovery across a breadth of scientific areas. She is an emeritus Regents’ Professor in the Departments of Plant Sciences and the BIO5 Institute, at the University of Arizona. She was also previously on the faculty at the University of Oregon’s Institute for Molecular Biology and Biology Department. Throughout her academic career she taught undergraduate and graduate courses in Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. Dr. Chandler has conducted research on the epigenetic control of gene expression in plants and animals for three decades, with funding from the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Her honors and awards include a Presidential Young Investigator Award, Searle Scholar Award, the NSF Faculty Award for Women Scientists and Engineers, and the NIH Director’s Pioneer Award. She was appointed to the National Science Board in 2014 by President Obama and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2002, later serving on its governing council from 2007-2010. She has served extensively on national advisory boards and panels for NSF, DOE, USDA, NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the National Academies of Science. She received her BA from the University of California, Berkeley and her PhD from the University of California San Francisco and was a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University. | |
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