Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(45)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(68)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(36)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(46)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(48)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(102)
| | • | 107 |
(18)
| | • | 200 |
(1)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(64)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(35)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(39)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(34)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(22)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(13)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(40)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(33)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(37)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(14)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(58)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(75)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(110)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(79)
| | • | 305 |
(22)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(57)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(20)
| | • | 402a |
(13)
| | • | 402b |
(28)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(16)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(52)
| | • | 404a |
(23)
| | • | 404b |
(5)
| | • | 404c |
(10)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(53)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(38)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(16)
| | • | 408 |
(3)
| | • | 500 |
(1)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(48)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(52)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(213)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(12)
| | • | [405] |
(2)
|
| | 581 | Name: | Henry J. Cadbury | | | Year Elected: | 1949 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1884 | | | Death Date: | 10/7/74 | | | | |
| 582 | Name: | John Cadwalader | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1/10/1742 | | | Death Date: | 2/10/1786 | | | | | | |
John Cadwalader (10 January 1742–10 February 1786) was a merchant, slaveholder, and soldier, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born in Philadelphia, he was the eldest son of APS Member Dr. Thomas Cadwalader. He attended the Academy and College of Philadelphia but left before graduating, choosing instead to begin a mercantile business with his brother and future APS Member Lambert Cadwalader. In 1769, however, Cadwalader found himself catapulted into a new level of wealth when he married Elizabeth, a plantation heiress of the Lloyd family. Shortly after, he traded in his former life as a merchant for that of project manager, overseeing the renovation of his new mansion on Spruce Street. When not enjoying his afternoons of hunting, fishing, and other socializing, Cadwalader and his family spent time at Shrewsbury Farm, the family’s plantation in Kent County, Maryland. With the onset of the Revolutionary War, Cadwalader expanded his already ardent support for independence. He began by serving as a delegate to the Pennsylvania Provincial convention in 1775 followed by his time on the Committee of Safety from 1775-1776. His mansion, ever a center of gaiety for visitors, began hosting delegates from the First and Second Continental Congresses. That is, until the occupation of Philadelphia in the fall of 1777 when Sir William Howe chose the home as his new quarters. This time coincided with Cadwalader assuming increased military responsibilities. That same year Pennsylvania elected him Brigadier General but he chose instead to organize the militia on the Maryland’s Eastern Shore the following year. George Washington described him as a “military genius” when he recommended Cadwalader for Brigadier General for the army and a commander of cavalry for the Continental Army in 1778, which he again declined. Towards the end of the war he retired to Shrewsbury Farm where he continued to eschew elected positions in Kent County. Retired but by no means reclusive, Cadwalader spent much of his final years embroiled in fierce pamphlet wars, the first with Samuel Chase in 1782; the second was later that same year, with Joseph Reed. These spirited attacks over the place of the federal government in the new republic, however, all quickly came to naught: Cadwalader died in the winter of 1786 after a bout with pneumonia and a subsequent illness. He, and his considerable estate, was survived by his second wife, Williamina, daughter of APS Member Phineas Bond. (PI, ANB) | |
| 583 | Name: | Lambert Cadwalader | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1741 | | | Death Date: | 9/13/1823 | | | | | | |
Lambert Cadwalader (1741?–13 September 1823) was a merchant, soldier, and slaveholder, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election to the American Society. Born to APS Member Dr. Thomas Cadwalader sometime around 1741 and likely in Trenton, his education at the Academy and then College of Philadelphia culminated in a bachelor’s degree in 1760. With his brother, fellow APS Member John Cadwalader, he ran a drygoods business selling varieties of coarse and fine cloth, among other goods, but dutifully signed the Non-Importation Agreement in November 1765. Brother John in 1771 offered the astronomical bribe of £500–600 pounds to gain Lambert’s appointment as Philadelphia comptroller of customs; whether it proceeded, the post went to another, regardless. But Lambert was clearly growing in local renown and influence in the heating phase of the Revolution: he became a member of the Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence (1774) and a delegate to the Provincial Convention in (1775), before a commission as a captain, then lieutenant colonel, and then the colonel of the Fourth Battalion of the Pennsylvania Line, before his capture at Ft. Washington on the Hudson (all in 1776). Owing to his father’s unbiased medical treatment of the British during their occupation of Philadelphia in 1777, General Howe did not require Cadwalader’s oath of parole; but that also prevented any sort of honorable prisoner exchange, leading Cadwalader to feel he ought to resign his commission to make way for other junior officers, which he did in 1779. After settling in New Jersey, he served in national congresses: the Confederation Congress (1784–86) and the new federal House of Representatives (1789–91, 1793–95), before retiring to his estate, “Greenwood.” There, and on the estates of relatives, he sated his interests in agricultural reforms, having been an original member of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture since 1785. He died at Greenwood, leaving son Thomas the bulk of his property, excepting those held in bondage, whom he freed. (PI) | |
| 584 | Name: | Thomas Cadwalader | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1708 | | | Death Date: | 11/14/1779 | | | | | | |
Thomas Cadwalader (1708–14 November 1779) was a physician and public official, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born in Philadelphia, he studied medicine with his uncle Dr. Evan Jones before establishing his own practice. As a member of Benjamin Franklin’s circle, he was a founder and early director of the Library Company of Philadelphia. In 1731 he traveled to Europe, attending medical lectures by William Cheselden in London and earning an M.D. degree from the University of Rheims. Back in Philadelphia, he promoted smallpox inoculation and treated patients during the epidemic of 1737-1738. He also performed autopsies and anatomical dissections and published An Essay on the West-India Dry-Gripes (1745), a treatise on lead poisoning which he traced to the distillation of Jamaican rum in lead pipes. Relocating to Trenton, New Jersey, following his marriage, Cadwalader became the town’s chief burgess in 1745. When he returned to Philadelphia five years later, he left Trenton £500 to establish a public library modeled on the Library Company. Thereafter, he served on the Philadelphia Common Council and Provincial Council, as a trustee of the Academy and College of Philadelphia, and on the staff of the Pennsylvania Hospital. A lapsed Quaker, he broke with the pacifism of the Quaker-dominated assembly in supporting military defense spending during the French and Indian War. He spoke out against the Stamp Act, signed the Non-Importation Agreement of 1765, and presided over the 1773 “Great Tea Meeting” held at the Pennsylvania State House. During the American Revolution, Cadwalader inspected the health of prisoners, assessed the skill of military surgeon candidates, and aided APS member John Morgan in overseeing American military hospitals. (PI, ANB, DAB) | |
| 585 | Name: | Thomas Cadwalader | | | Year Elected: | 1825 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 10/25/1841 | | | | |
| 586 | Name: | John Cadwalader | | | Year Elected: | 1867 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 1/16/1879 | | | | |
| 587 | Name: | John Cadwalader | | | Year Elected: | 1899 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 3/11/25 | | | | |
| 588 | Name: | John Cadwalader | | | Year Elected: | 1926 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Death Date: | 6/10/34 | | | | |
| 589 | Name: | Dr. John Cairns | | | Institution: | Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | | | Year Elected: | 1999 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1923 | | | Death Date: | November 5, 2017 | | | | | | |
John Cairns spent his research life studying natural ecosystems and how perturbations of various types affect them. His most widely acclaimed publications discussed factors causing stressed ecosystems and their restoration. He made extensive use of statistics and validation predictive models. For decades he used complex multivariant systems in his studies of microcosms and mesacosms. His work on reestablishment of damaged habitats is particularly important today because of the damage done to our planet. Dr. Cairns received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania and completed a postdoctoral course in isotope methodology at Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia. He was Curator of Limnology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 18 years and has taught at various universities and field stations, including Virginia Polytechnic University, where was Professor Emeritus beginning in 1995. Dr. Cairns' professional certifications included Qualified Fishery Administrator by the American Fisheries Society, Senior Ecologist by the Ecological Society of America, and the Academy of Board Certified Environmental Professionals. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences; the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the Linnean Society of London; and the American Microscopical Society, of which he was president. He has over 1,500 publications to his credit. John Cairns died on November 5, 2017 at age 94, in Blacksburg, Virginia. | |
| 590 | Name: | The Honorable Guido Calabresi | | | Institution: | U.S. Court of Appeals & Yale Law School | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1932 | | | | | | |
Guido Calabresi came to the United States in 1939 with his parents, who left Italy to escape Fascism. After a productive career as a scholar, he became Dean of the Yale Law School in 1985 and a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1994. A scholar with pronounced administrative abilities, he began teaching at Yale in 1959; he remains Sterling Professor of Law Emeritus and Professorial Lecturer in Law. Known as a true humanist, Judge Calabresi is recognized as one of the founding fathers of law and economics. His two most seminal contributions to the field are the application of economics to tort law and a legal interpretation of the Coase theorem. His major publications include The Costs of Accidents: A Legal and Economic Analysis (1970) and (with D. Melamed) Property Rules, Liability Rules and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral (1972). Judge Calabresi holds B.A. and M.A. degrees from Oxford University and B.S. and LL.B. degrees from Yale. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. | |
| 591 | Name: | Samuel Caldwell | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1736 | | | Death Date: | 1798 | | | | | | |
Samuel Caldwell (1736–1798) was a merchant, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born in Londonderry, Ireland, he eventually immigrated to Philadelphia, where he became a successful shipping merchant. During the lead-up to the American Revolution, he consistently supported independence. He signed the Non-Importation Agreement of 1765, joined the First Philadelphia Company of Light Horse, escorted exiled Quakers out of the city, and purchased supplies for Continental troops. He took the oath of allegiance in 1777. Caldwell struggled financially during the post-war depression, but by 1787 he had settled his debts and retired from business. Throughout his life he was involved with a number of fraternal, entrepreneurial, and philanthropic organizations including the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the Silk Society, the Hibernia Fire Company, the Pennsylvania Hospital, and the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club. In 1789, he was appointed a clerk of the U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania, a position he held until his death in 1798. (PI) | |
| 592 | Name: | Charles Caldwell | | | Year Elected: | 1796 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1763 | | | Death Date: | 7/9/1853 | | | | |
| 593 | Name: | Dr. Craig Calhoun | | | Institution: | Arizona State University | | | Year Elected: | 2012 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1952 | | | | | | |
Craig Calhoun is University Professor of Social Sciences at Arizona State University. He had served as President of the Social Science Research Council from 1999 to 2012, while also University Professor of Social Sciences and Director of the Institute of Public Knowledge at New York University. From 2012 to 2016, he was Director of the London School of Economics and Social Science, after which he was President of the Beggruen Institute from 2016 until 2018. Calhoun received his doctorate from Oxford University and has also been a professor and dean at the University of North Carolina and a visiting professor in Asmara, Beijing, Khartoum, Oslo, Paris, and Berlin.
Under Calhoun’s leadership, the SSRC initiated major projects on public social science, global security and cooperation, gender and conflict, digital media and learning, the privatization of risk, religion and the public sphere, intellectual property rights, humanitarian emergences, HIV/AIDS, the social sciences in Africa, trans-regional integration in Asia, and a range of other issues. It has also substantially increased the number of fellowships it offers annually.
As an individual scholar Calhoun has done research on a variety of themes in historical sociology, political economy, social movements, social theory, and the history of social sciences. His publications include The Roots of Radicalism: Tradition, the Public Sphere, and Early 19th Century Social Movements (Chicago 2012), Nations Matter: Culture, History, and the Cosmopolitan Dream (Routledge 2007), Nationalism (Minnesota 1997), Critical Social Theory: Culture, History and the Problem of Specificity (Blackwell, 1995), and Neither Gods Nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China (California 1994). Calhoun edited a three-volume collection, Possible Futures (NYU 2011), which explores the impact of financial crisis, the challenges of global governance addressing issues from war to climate change, and the future of development. | |
| 594 | Name: | Gary N. Calkins | | | Year Elected: | 1920 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 595 | Name: | Philip P. Calvert | | | Year Elected: | 1918 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1871 | | | Death Date: | 8/23/61 | | | | |
| 596 | Name: | Dr. Melvin Calvin | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1960 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | 1/8/97 | | | | |
| 597 | Name: | William Camac | | | Year Elected: | 1874 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 598 | Name: | Professor Alan Cameron | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | Death Date: | July 31, 2017 | | | | | | |
Alan Cameron was a British classicist and Charles Anthon Professor of the Latin Language and Literature at Columbia University. He taught for nearly 30 years at Columbia, before which time he served for 13 years as lecturer and reader in Latin and professor of Latin Language and Literature at Kings' College London. Dr. Cameron's areas of expertise include Hellenistic and Roman poetry; later Roman literature; Byyzantium; and the transmission of texts. He was awarded the American Philological Association's Goodwin Award of Merit in classical scholarship in 1997 and was honored with the Lionel Trilling Book Award for an outstanding book by a Columbia faculty member for his work Greek Mythography in the Roman World (2004). The latter work traces the beginnings of different versions of myths, including those fabricated in ancient times, while exploring the ways in which ancient Romans learned the myths that pervaded their culture's art. Dr. Cameron's other important works include Porphyrius the Charioteer (1973); Blues and Greens at Rome and Byzantium (1976); and Literature and Society in the Early Byzantine World (1985). He was a member of the British Academy and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1992. Alan Cameron died July 31, 2017, at the age of 79, in New York. | |
| 599 | Name: | George Campbell | | | Year Elected: | 1837 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1782 | | | Death Date: | 6/11/1855 | | | | |
| 600 | Name: | John L. Campbell | | | Year Elected: | 1875 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1827 | | | Death Date: | 9/7/04 | | | | |
| |