Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(15)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(27)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(3)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(14)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(7)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(26)
| | • | 107 |
(1)
| | • | 200 |
(2)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(12)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(8)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(12)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(13)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(9)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(7)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(6)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(9)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(5)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(12)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(12)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(11)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(6)
| | • | 305 |
(7)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(19)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(3)
| | • | 402a |
(2)
| | • | 402b |
(1)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(9)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(14)
| | • | 404a |
(8)
| | • | 404b |
(4)
| | • | 404c |
(3)
| | • | 405 [401] |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(14)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(14)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(5)
| | • | 408 |
(2)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(10)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(8)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(42)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(1)
|
| | 821 | Name: | Charles Mason | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 5/1/1728 | | | Death Date: | 10/25/1786 | | | | | | |
Charles Mason (c. 1 May 1728–25 October 1786) was an astronomer and surveyor, best known for establishing the Pennsylvania-Maryland border (the Mason-Dixon line), as well as a member of the American Society, elected in 1767. Born in Gloucestershire, England, he started his career as assistant to the Astronomer Royal, James Bradley, at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in 1756. Mason’s partnership with Jeremiah Dixon began in 1760 when the Royal Society sent them to the Indonesian island of Sumatra to observe the 1761 Transit of Venus. When a military engagement between a French ship and their own delayed their arrival, they conducted their observations from the Cape of Good Hope instead. En route back to England, Mason assisted future Astronomer Royal (and future APS member) Nevil Maskelyne with tidal observations in the south Atlantic island of St. Helena. In 1763 Mason and Dixon contracted with the proprietors of Maryland and Pennsylvania to survey the disputed boundary between the two provinces. Beginning at the northeast corner of Maryland, they would run their line a total of 244 miles west, establishing mile-markers and managing the workmen who cut “vistos” through the forest along the way. The Mason-Dixon Line would come to represent the boundary between the northern and southern U.S. Before returning to England, the pair also measured a degree of latitude on Maryland’s Delmarva Peninsula for the Royal Society. In 1768 Mason was tasked with observing another Transit of Venus, this time from Ireland, and in 1773 he conducted additional fieldwork in Scotland. He then resumed his lifelong efforts to improve Tobias Mayer’s solar and lunar tables for the Board of Longitude, with the result appearing in the Nautical Almanac. Mason immigrated to Philadelphia in 1786 but died shortly after his arrival. (PI, DNB) | |
| 822 | Name: | Gaston C. Maspero | | | Year Elected: | 1891 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 823 | Name: | Harrie S. W. Massey | | | Year Elected: | 1975 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1908 | | | Death Date: | 11/27/83 | | | | |
| 824 | Name: | J. Clerk Maxwell | | | Year Elected: | 1875 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 825 | Name: | Lord Robert McCredie May | | | Institution: | Univerity of Oxford and The Royal Society | | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | Death Date: | April 28, 2020 | | | | | | |
Sir Robert May is President of the Royal Society and holds a Professorship jointly in the Department of Zoology, Oxford University and at Imperial College, London. For the five-year period ending in September of 2000, he was Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Government and Head of its Office of Science and Technology. After earning a D.Phil. degree in Theoretical Physics from Sydney University, Sir Robert spent two years as the MacKay Lecturer in Applied Mathematics at Harvard. He then returned to Sydney University as Senior Lecturer in Theoretical Physics, where he would hold that institution's first Personal Chair. In 1973, Sir Robert joined the faculty of Princeton University as its Class of 1877 Professor of Zoology and, from 1977-88, he also served as Chair of the University Research Board. Returning to Britain as a Royal Society Research Professor, Sir Robert's current work deals with the factors influencing the diversity and abundance of plant and animal species, and with the rates, causes and consequences of extinction. His recent publications in this area include Large Scale Ecology and Conservation Biology (1994), Extinction Rates (1995) and Evolution of Biological Diversity (1999). Sir Robert's contributions to the field of ecological research have been recognized with the Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the 1998 Balzan Prize, among numerous other honors. | |
| 826 | Name: | Christian Mayer | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 8/20/1719 | | | Death Date: | 4/16/1783 | | | | | | |
Christian Mayer (20 August 1719–16 April 1783) was an astronomer and educator, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born in Moravia, Mayer’s education propelled him to Würzburg University to study theology before entering the Society of Jesuits in 1745. While he taught classical languages he increasingly devoted his time to other philosophical subjects, namely mathematics and astronomy. By 1751 he had introduced instruction in experimental physics at Heidelberg University and the following year assumed a professorship there as well. His work in astronomy drew the right attention and in 1755, the Electoral prince of the region (and a patron of the sciences) commissioned Mayer to design and furnish an observatory at the Electoral palace at Schwetzingen. With generous funding he met with French astronomers, purchased French and English instruments, and, in the nick of time, erected everything he needed to join astronomers worldwide as they trained their instruments on the anticipated 1761 Transit of Venus. With funding from the Russian Empress, Mayer was also able to observe the second occurrence in 1769. Mayer’s observations were published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, which consequently garnered him election therein. With his proven record of completing these projects, the Elector supported his plans to build a new observatory with the best scientific instruments London could offer. Finished in 1775, it became a place that Wrangel called home, effectively living there with his assistant Father Johann Mesger. Together they made daily observations that suggested, and as later work by Herschel would show, they were in fact observing stars accompanying stars. David Rittenhouse accepted Mayer’s work for publication with the APS in 1778 and was sure to write his own collegial letter of appreciation to Mayer himself. Ever an educator, Mayer taught and served at Heidelberg University in the last five years of his life. (PI) | |
| 827 | Name: | Professor Hans E. Mayer | | | Institution: | University of Kiel, Germany | | | Year Elected: | 1978 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404a | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1932 | | | Death Date: | October 21, 2023 | | | | | | |
Hans Eberhard Mayer is Professor of Medieval and Modern History Emeritus at the University of Kiel, Germany, where he has taught since 1967. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Innsbruck, Austria in 1955 and for the following 12 years was affiliated with the German Institute for Medieval Research. Among the leading medievalists in Germany, Dr. Mayer is a particularly outstanding historian of the European Crusades. He is the author of the definitive text on the subject, The Crusades, of which a second edition was published in 1997. | |
| 828 | Name: | Dr. Manfred Mayrhofer | | | Institution: | University of Vienna | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 406. Linguistics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | October 31, 2011 | | | | | | |
Professor Emeritus at the University of Vienna, Manfred Mayrhofer is a noted Indo-Europeanist specializing in Indo-Iranian languages. Renowned for his etymological dictionary of Sanskrit, he studied Indo-European and Semitic linguistics along with philosophy at the University of Graz, Austria, which awarded him a Ph.D. in 1951. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Vienna in 1962, Dr. Mayrhofer taught at the Universities of Wurzburg and Saarbrucken. He is a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and an honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America. Manfred Mayhofer died October 31, 2011, at age 86 in Vienna. | |
| 829 | Name: | Dr. Digby J. McLaren | | | Institution: | Royal Society of Canada | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | December 8, 2004 | | | | |
| 830 | Name: | James P. McMurrich | | | Year Elected: | 1907 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 831 | Name: | Peter B. Medawar | | | Year Elected: | 1961 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | 10/2/87 | | | | | | |
Sir Peter Medawar was a pioneer of transplantation immunology. During the 1940's and 50's he researched skin grafting and how the development of tolerance in human and animal transplantation. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance." In addition to his scientific research, he wrote several books of popular science and philosophy of science, including Pluto's Republic (1982) and The Hope of Progress: A Scientist Looks at Problems in Philosophym Literature and Science (1973). He also authored an autobiography, Memoirs of a Thinking Radish (1986). Medawar was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1949, only eight years after finishing his docotorate. Among his many honors are the Copley Medal (1969), the UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science (1985), and election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1959) and the US National Academy of Sciences (1965). He was knighted in 1965, appointed to the Companions of Honour in 1972, and to the Order of Merit in 1981. Peter Medawar was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1961. He died October 2, 1987 in London, England at the age of 72. | |
| 832 | Name: | Dr. Jacques Mehler | | | Institution: | SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies | | | Year Elected: | 2009 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | Death Date: | February 11, 2020 | | | | | | |
Jacques Mehler investigates language processing and language acquisition in the first year of life. After having explored processing in speakers of various languages he proposed that syllables play a salient role in speech perception. More recently he devoted his investigations to explore properties of speech signals that could act as triggers of mechanisms that allow infants to bootstrap into language. His group has found that the rhythmic-class of the native language is computed by humans even a few days after birth. Human neonates distinguish when a language switch involves a change in rhythmic-class. His group is now adopting non-invasive brain-imaging methods to complement previously obtained behavioral measures with neonates. He has investigated why it is that the human brain/mind system acquires natural languages with greatest facility at a young age. He has also explored the consequences of continuous exposure to two languages during the first year of life.
In 1964 he obtained a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He worked at CNRS (Paris, France) from 1967 until 2001. He became Directeur de Recherche at CNRS in 1980 and he was elected Directeur d'Études at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in 1982. In 1972 he founded "Cognition," International Journal of Cognitive Science, acting as Editor-in-Chief until 2007. In 2001 he moved to SISSA (International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy) where he directs the Language, Cognition and Development laboratory.
He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2001) and of the Academia Europaea. He was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa from Université Libre de Bruxelles (1995) and from University and Politechnic of Torino (2009). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2009.
His publications are available at http://www.sissa.it/cns/lcd/publications.htm. | |
| 833 | Name: | Mr. Russell Meiggs | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 401. Archaeology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1902 | | | Death Date: | 6/24/89 | | | | |
| 834 | Name: | Dan Melanderhjelm | | | Year Elected: | 1803 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 835 | Name: | Hugo von Meltzl | | | Year Elected: | 1886 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 836 | Name: | Dmitry Mendeleyev | | | Year Elected: | 1906 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 837 | Name: | Octavio Mendez-Pereira | | | Year Elected: | 1942 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1887 | | | | |
| 838 | Name: | Giuseppe Meneghini | | | Year Elected: | 1887 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 839 | Name: | Guglielmo Mengarini | | | Year Elected: | 1898 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 840 | Name: | Jean C. de la Metherie | | | Year Elected: | 1817 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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