Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(15)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(27)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(3)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(14)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(7)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(26)
| | • | 107 |
(1)
| | • | 200 |
(2)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(12)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(8)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(12)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(13)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(9)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(7)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(6)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(9)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(5)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(12)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(12)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(11)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(6)
| | • | 305 |
(7)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(19)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(3)
| | • | 402a |
(2)
| | • | 402b |
(1)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(9)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(14)
| | • | 404a |
(8)
| | • | 404b |
(4)
| | • | 404c |
(3)
| | • | 405 [401] |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(14)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(14)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(5)
| | • | 408 |
(2)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(10)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(8)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(42)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(1)
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| | 681 | Name: | Dr. Hans A. Krebs | | | Year Elected: | 1960 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1900 | | | Death Date: | 11/22/81 | | | | |
| 682 | Name: | Lord John Richard Krebs | | | Institution: | University of Oxford & Pembroke College & UK Food Standards Agency | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1945 | | | | | | |
Sir John Krebs received a D.Phil at the University of Oxford in 1970. He has held faculty positions at the Institute of Animal Resource Ecology at the University of British Columbia and the University College of North Wales and was S.R.C. Research Officer of the Animal Behavior Research Group and University Lecturer at the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology at the University of Oxford. Formerly a fellow of Wolfson College, he was an Official Fellow at Pembroke College from 1988 to 2005. Sir John has also served as director of the AFRC Unit of Ecology and Behavior (1989-94), director of the NERC Unit of Behavioural Ecology (1989-94), chief executive officer of the Natural Environment Research Council (1994-99) and chairman of the UK Food Standards Agency (2000-05). He is currently serving as the Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Oxford, a position he has held since 1988. Since October 2005, he has been the Principal of Jesus College, Oxford. For thirty years, Sir John Krebs has been a leading researcher in applying quantitative methods to the functions of animal behavior, especially birds. His elegant studies of territoriality and the use of living space, the behavioral mechanisms involved, including birdsong, and the application of economic concepts to the use of food resources were seminal in establishing the new discipline of behavioral ecology. He co-edited the leading advanced textbook for training behavioral ecologists throughout the world. Sir John Krebs has been honoured by the Zoological Society with the scientific Medal in 1981 and the Frink Medal in 1997, by the Linnaean Society with the Bicentenary Medal in 1983 and by the American Ornithologists' Union with the Elliott Coues Award in 1999. He was awarded the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Medal in 2000 and the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health's Benjamin Ward Richardson Gold Medal in 2002. He received a Knighthood for services to Behavioural Ecology in 1999. He is a member of the Royal Society, Max Planck Society, Academia Europaea, British Ecological Society and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He has served as president of the International Society of Behavioural Ecology and the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2000 and of the National Academy of Sciences in 2004, and was made Honorary Fellow of the German Ornithologists' Society in 2003. | |
| 683 | Name: | S. August Krogh | | | Year Elected: | 1941 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1874 | | | Death Date: | 9/13/49 | | | | |
| 684 | Name: | Ivan Krusenstern | | | Year Elected: | 1824 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 685 | Name: | Dr. Vladimir Kučera | | | Institution: | Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic | | | Year Elected: | 2023 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | | | | |
Vladimír Kučera was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1943. He received the graduate degree summa cum laude in electrical engineering from Czech Technical University, Prague, in 1966 and the CSc. and DrSc. research degrees in engineering cybernetics from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, in 1970 and 1979, respectively.
During 1967-2017 he was a Research Scientist at the Institute of Information Theory and Automation, one of the research institutes of the Academy of Sciences in Prague. He held various research and managerial positions, including Vice-Director (1986-1990) and Director (1990-1998) of the Institute. Since 2018, he has been a Scientist Emeritus at the Academy of Sciences. Starting in 1992, he taught graduate courses at the Czech Technical University in Prague and was appointed Professor of Engineering Cybernetics in 1996. During 1999-2000, he assumed the position of Head of the Control Engineering Department; in 2000 he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering for the period 2000-2006; and during 2007-2015, he was the Director of the Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies. In 2015, he was appointed Distinguished Researcher and Vice-Director of the Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, the newly established research institute at the Czech Technical University in Prague.
Kučera held visiting positions at the National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada in 1970-1971; the University of Florida, Gainesville, the USA in 1977; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique, Nantes, France in 1981-1982; Australian National University, Canberra, Australia in 1984; Uppsala Universitet, Sweden in 1989; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City in 1991; ETH Zürich, Switzerland in 1992; the University of Newcastle, Australia in 1993; Politecnico di Milano, Italy in 1995 as well as many short visiting appointments. He was a Nippon Steel Professor at the Chair of Intelligent Control at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, in 1994.
The research interests of Kučera include the theory of systems and automatic control. He contributed to the theory of matrix Riccati equations by classifying the set of all nonnegative definite steady-state solutions, showing that the set is a distributive lattice, and establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such solutions in terms of stabilizability and detectability; these results are fundamental for the design of linear-quadratic optimal control systems. He pioneered the use of polynomial diophantine equations in the synthesis of control systems; the polynomial equation approach found followers worldwide and inspired the development of efficient computational algorithms for polynomials and polynomial matrices.
The best-known result of Kučera is the parameterization of all controllers that stabilize a given system, known as the Youla-Kučera parameterization. It was obtained independently and at about the same time by Dante C. Youla and Kučera. The parameterization formula is due to Kučera, whereas the use of the parameter in H2 optimal control is due to Youla. The parameterization result launched an entirely new area of research with applications in optimal and robust control.
Recently, Kučera has resolved a long-standing open problem of control theory, the decoupling of linear systems by static-state feedback. He discovered the canonical form and the complete invariant of stable linear systems with respect to the group of stability-preserving system transformations and demonstrated the use of this result in control system design. During his research career, he had the pleasure of working with more than 80 researchers from 20 countries worldwide.
Kučera is the author of four books: Algebraic Theory of Discrete Linear Control (in Czech) (Academia, Prague 1978), Discrete Linear Control: The Polynomial Equation Approach (Wiley, Chichester 1979), Analysis and Design of Discrete Linear Control Systems (Prentice-Hall, London 1991), and Polynomial Methods for Control Systems Design, edited with M. J. Grimble (Springer, London 1996). In addition, he published over 400 research papers.
Kučera serves on the editorial boards of Int. J. Robust and Nonlinear Control, and Bull. Polish Acad. Sciences. He was Editor-in-Chief of Kybernetika (1990-1998), an Associate Editor of Automatica (1987-1996), and a member of the editorial boards of Syst. Control Letters (1987-1994), Int. J. Control (1990-1999), Int. J. Systems Science (1986-1999), and J. Math. Systems, Estimation and Control (1991-1998). He is a Life Advisor and Fellow (he was President 2002-2005) of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Life Fellow of IEEE (the first Fellow ever in the Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia in 1996), and was a member of the IEEE Control Systems Society Board of Governors (1996-1998). He is a founding member and Fellow of the Engineering Academy of the Czech Republic (he was Vice-President from 1999 to 2006) and past Chairman of the Czech Committee for Automatic Control (1993-2002).
Kučera was the recipient of many prizes including the Prize of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1973, the Kybernetika Best Paper Award in 1976, the National Prize of the Czech Republic in 1989 for his contributions to the theory and practice of automatic control, the Automatica Prize Paper Award in 1990 for the paper Fundamental Theorem of State Feedback for Singular Systems, Hlávka Foundation Prize in 1992, Outstanding Service Award from IFAC in 1996, Medal of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic in 2000, Felber Gold Medal of the Czech Technical University in Prague, and in 2006 he was appointed Chevalier dans l’ordre des Palmes Académiques, a national order of France for distinguished academics. He is an Honorary Professor at the Northeastern University, Shenyang, China (1996) and received Doctor honoris causa degrees from Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse (2003), and Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy (2005). He is the 2021 laureate of the National Prize Česká hlava (Czech Mind), the most prestigious Czech award for science and research that scientists in the Czech Republic can achieve. | |
| 686 | Name: | Adolf T. von Kupffer | | | Year Elected: | 1847 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 687 | Name: | Prof. Dr. Reinhard Kurth | | | Institution: | Ernst Schering Foundation; Robert Koch Institute; Humboldt University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | Death Date: | February 2, 2014 | | | | | | |
The virologist and clinician Reinhard Kurth was born in 1942 in Dresden, Germany. At his death on February 2, 2014, he was the Chairman of the Foundation Council at the Ernst Schering Foundation. He was President Emeritus of the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, where he had also a postdoctoral fellow in the virology department from 1971-73. After a further two years as head of his own group at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories in London, he led a junior research group at the Max Planck Society in Tübingen, Germany, from 1975-80. In 1980 he became Head of the Virology Department of the Paul Ehrlich Institute in Frankfurt, Germany. In 1986 he was appointed director of that institute, a post he held until 1999 and during the last three years of which he was simultaneously director of the Robert Koch Institute. From September 2004 he also held the post of Acting Director of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medicinal Products in Bonn. The focus of Reinhard Kurth's scientific work has long been the retroviruses. Various aspects of all three existing retroviral families have been investigated by him: the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV), the Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV) that can cause a particular form of leukemia, and the Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERV), viruses that have become integrated into the human genome during the course of evolution and, like other genes, are passed from generation to generation. His focus was on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of HIV and SIV infections, the development of an AIDS vaccine, and the genomic organization and pathophysiology of HERVs. Reinhard Kurth, who after being licensed as a physician in 1969 moved into research, was the recipient of many scientific awards. In 1998 he was appointed a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Science in recognition of his scientific achievements. He was elected an International member of the American Philosophical Society in 2005. In 2008 he was elected to the newly established German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He authored over 330 publications, among them approximately 60 reviews and contributions to books. He has delivered more than 500 external seminars, many abroad. One aim of his public activities was to enable opinion-makers and laypersons to make informed decisions in biomedical issues. It was also an important concern of his to make clear the importance of science as an investment in the future. His multidisciplinary communication activities, in addition to his public presentations, consisted of numerous contributions and interviews on radio and television and in newspapers and magazines. Dr. Kurth presented advances in infection research in the context of other social, ethical and political questions, for example by promoting the support for disease prevention in developing countries. As a member of the German Section of the Africa Commission and as personal representative of the German Chancellor in the Task Force Initiative against the spread of infectious diseases in the Baltic Sea States, he also strove to implement these demands in a practical way. Dr. Kurth was the principal advisor of the German Federal Government on biomedical issues. He was a much sought after discussant with the German Secretary of Health and Social Security and was regularly asked to appear in the German Parliament in a number of committees. The German Chancellor regularly asked for his opinion on biomedical issues, including aspects of bioterrorism. Reinhard Kurth was married and had two grown-up children. His wife Bärbel-Maria Kurth was also his closest companion. | |
| 688 | Name: | Jean Labouderie | | | Year Elected: | 1833 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 689 | Name: | Theodore Lacordaire | | | Year Elected: | 1856 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 690 | Name: | Baron di Jean C.F. Ladoucette | | | Year Elected: | 1842 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 691 | Name: | Dr. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie | | | Institution: | Collège de France & Bibliothèque Nationale | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404a | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | November 22, 2023 | | | | | | |
French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie is a leading authority on the history of peasantry, specifically in the region of Languedoc in the ancien regime. Credited with founding the "nouvelle histoire" (new history) movement, he has been a pioneer in the fields of history from below and microhistory. Dr. Ladurie is well known for works such as Les Paysans de Languedoc (1966); Histoire du Climat (1967), in which he focused on the impact of climate changes on human history; and Montaillou, village occitan de 1294 a 1324 (1975). The latter work, a study of a village in the south of France in the age of the Cathar heresy, uses meticulous notes of a member of the inquisition to develop a multi-layered study of life in a small French village over the course of several years. Dr. Ladurie served as professor, historian and chair of history of modern civilization at the College de France from 1973-99. He has also served as General Administrator of the Bibliothèque Nationale and currently holds the title of Professor Emeritus at the Collège de France. | |
| 692 | Name: | Marquis de Motier Theodore Lafayette | | | Year Elected: | 1781 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1758 | | | | |
| 693 | Name: | Antoine R.C.M. Lambert | | | Year Elected: | 1872 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 694 | Name: | Rodolpho Lanciani | | | Year Elected: | 1897 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 695 | Name: | Mr. H. C. Robbins Landon | | | Institution: | University of Wales College of Cardiff | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 504. Scholars in the Professions | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | November 20, 2009 | | | | | | |
Musicologist Howard Chandler Robbins Landon is the John Bird Professor of Music Emeritus at the University of Wales College of Cardiff. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1926 and studied music at Swarthmore College and Boston University. He subsequently moved to Europe, where he worked as a music critic. From 1947 he did research in Vienna on Joseph Haydn, a composer on whom he would become a noted expert. His book Symphonies of Joseph Haydn was published in 1955, with the five volume Haydn: Chronicle and Works following at the end of the 1970s. He also edited a number of Haydn's works. Dr. Landon has also published work on other 18th century composers, including Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven and Antonio Vivaldi. His other books include Handel and his World (1984); Mozart, the golden years, 1781-1791 (1989); and Vivaldi: Voice of the Baroque (1993). | |
| 696 | Name: | Timothy Lane | | | Year Elected: | 1772 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1734 | | | Death Date: | 7/5/1807 | | | | | | |
Timothy Lane (June 1734–5 July 1807) was an inventor, scientist, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1772. His father was an apothecary, and Timothy followed in his footsteps, becoming a member of London’s Society of Apothecaries in 1757. His scientific interests were far-reaching; he was as curious about natural philosophy and chemistry as he was about medicine and botany. He was particularly interested in experiments and research on the uses of electricity that were being conducted by colleagues like APS Member Joseph Priestley. In the 1760s, Lane invented an instrument that could measure the strength of the electricity discharged from a Leyden jar. Benjamin Franklin used this device—known as “Lane’s electrometer”—in his study of atmospheric electricity. In collaboration with his colleague Henry Cavendish, Lane also created a torpedo that could dispense electric shocks. It was on the strength of his research on electricity that he became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1770. This research also led to his 1777 selection for a committee charged with discovering the ideal shape for lightning rods; this committee comprised several other prominent scientists of the day, including high-ranking members of the Royal Society and APS Member Edward Nairne. In 1801, Lane invented and patented “Measuring glasses for compounding medicines,” which were thought to be more reliable and accurate than comparable products on the market. That same year, he became the Master of the Society of Apothecaries. Lane married Ann Halford in 1763 and they had one child, Mary Aubrey Lane. He died at Mary’s home in Hampstead in 1807. (DNB) | |
| 697 | Name: | Louis M. Langles | | | Year Elected: | 1819 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 698 | Name: | Comte de Jean D. Lanjuinais | | | Year Elected: | 1819 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 699 | Name: | Edwin R. Lankester | | | Year Elected: | 1903 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 700 | Name: | Sir Joseph Larmor | | | Year Elected: | 1913 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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