Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(15)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(27)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(3)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(14)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(7)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(26)
| | • | 107 |
(1)
| | • | 200 |
(2)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(12)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(8)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(12)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(13)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(9)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(7)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(6)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(9)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(5)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(12)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(12)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(11)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(6)
| | • | 305 |
(7)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(19)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(3)
| | • | 402a |
(2)
| | • | 402b |
(1)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(9)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(14)
| | • | 404a |
(8)
| | • | 404b |
(4)
| | • | 404c |
(3)
| | • | 405 [401] |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(14)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(14)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(5)
| | • | 408 |
(2)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(10)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(8)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(42)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(1)
|
| | 1121 | Name: | Henri L.F. de Saussure | | | Year Elected: | 1873 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1122 | Name: | Prof. Alfred L. Sauvy | | | Year Elected: | 1974 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1898 | | | Death Date: | 10/30/90 | | | | |
| 1123 | Name: | Sir George Savile | | | Year Elected: | | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 7/18/1726 | | | Death Date: | 1/10/1784 | | | | | | |
Sir George Savile (18 July 1726-10 January 1784) Member of Parliament and military officer, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election to the American Society. Born in London, he was the only son of a seventh baronet and grew up with the luxury and private education his father’s wealth afforded. Already having attended Parliament as Yorkshire’s representative by the age of 17, he matriculated at Queen’s College in 1745. He eventually graduated with MA and LLD degrees from Cambridge with only a brief interlude when he was commissioned as a lieutenant-colonel to serve in the Jacobite rising of 1745. Much of the remainder of his life would be defined by his work as an MP. Two of his major accomplishment included the Nullum Tempus Bill of 1768 (barring the Crown from claiming land after sixty years of undisturbed possession) and the Catholic Relief Bill of 1778 (removing the threat of obsolete penalties and disabilities aimed at Catholics). During the American Revolution George Savile proved a moderate but also an ally of sorts to the colonies. He gathered petitions against the Stamp Act, he voted to repeal the Townshend Acts, and in 1775 he even declared that American resistance was “justifiable rebellion.” Benjamin Franklin noted his efforts, even, as privately Savile was of the opinion that it was possible for the colonies to push too hard for independence. Following Britain’s loss in the war, Savile continued his public work until 1783, the year before his death. (PI, DNB) | |
| 1124 | Name: | Duke Karl Bernhard Saxe-Weimar | | | Year Elected: | 1830 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1125 | Name: | Jean-Baptiste L. Say | | | Year Elected: | 1872 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1126 | Name: | Giambattista Scandella | | | Year Elected: | 1798 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1127 | Name: | Lord Leslie George Scarman | | | Institution: | House of Lords | | | Year Elected: | 1983 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | December 8, 2004 | | | | |
| 1128 | Name: | Dr. Peter Schäfer | | | Institution: | Princeton University & Freie Universität, Berlin | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | | | | |
Peter Schäfer is the Ronald O. Perelman Professor of Jewish Studies and Professor of Religion at Princeton University and concurrently holds the chair of Jewish Studies at the Free University of Berlin. He was a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Oxford, Jerusalem and Yale, at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York and at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. In addition to the American Philosophical Society, he is a Fellow of the British Academy and of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and holds an honorary degree (Dr. theol.) from the University of Utrecht, Netherlands. In 1994 he was awarded the Leibniz Prize of 1.5 Million German Mark, the highest award for German scholars. In 2013 he received Princeton University's Howard T. Behrman Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities.
Peter Schäfer has published extensively about rabbinic literature and history, early Jewish mysticism, and Wissenschaft des Judentums. He edited the corpus of Hekhalot literature, the Talmud Yerushalmi and (with Sh. Shaked) magical texts from the Cairo Geniza. His most recent books are Judeophobia: Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World, Cambridge, Mass. & London: Harvard University Press, 1997 (paperback edition 1998), Mirror of His Beauty: Feminine Images of God from the Bible to the Early Kabbalah, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002 (paperback 2004) and (as editor) The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2003. | |
| 1129 | Name: | Giovanni V. Schiaparelli | | | Year Elected: | 1901 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1130 | Name: | Wilhelm P. Schimper | | | Year Elected: | 1866 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1131 | Name: | Carl Schintx | | | Year Elected: | 1864 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1132 | Name: | Gustave Schlegel | | | Year Elected: | 1899 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1133 | Name: | Dr. Eva Schlotheuber | | | Institution: | Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf; German Historical Association | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404a | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1959 | | | | | | |
Eva Schlotheuber's enthusiasm for medieval manuscripts, art and literature started at Göttingen, studying with Hartmut Hoffmann, one of the leading scholars of manuscript and archival studies. A year abroad in Copenhagen reading anthropology and experimental archaeology added to this the material side of history and environmental studies. Working at the intersection of these disciplines has never ceased to fascinate her and she has continued working on little known primary material and hidden archival sources from an interdisciplinary perspective. A particular focus has been how religious orders structure and communicate knowledge, particularly looking at how religious women staked out their claim in medieval society; she has worked closely with colleagues around the world, among them Jeffrey Hamburger (Art History, Harvard) and Margot Fassler (Musicology/Liturgy, Notre Dame). Currently, she is editing together with Henrike Lähnemann (German Studies, Oxford) what is probably the largest corpus of medieval writing by women, 1.800 letters collected in a Northern German convent (The Nuns' Network). A second area of research revolves round the influence which poets and humanists such as Dante and Petrarch had on political theory and governance structure in the 14th century, and how new collective norms are formed in times of crisis. The critical evaluation and contextualisation of sources of all kind is a particular strength of medieval studies which is crucial in understanding how systems of knowledge are changing. We can build upon this highly developed source critizism for meeting the challenges of our networked digital age. This is a challenge which can only be met by working together across the Humanities and Sciences and jointly developing a vision for the future which is collaborative. Eva Schlotheuber was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 1134 | Name: | Dr. Dolph Schluter | | | Institution: | University of British Columbia | | | Year Elected: | 2024 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | | |
Dolph Schluter received his BSc in ecology in 1977 from the University of Guelph, Ontario, and his PhD in 1983 from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, under the supervision of Peter R. Grant (elected to APS 1991). For his PhD thesis, Schluter studied ecological mechanisms driving assembly and evolution of island assemblages of Darwin's finch species. He and an assistant spent nearly two years living in a tent on remote and otherwise uninhabited Galápagos islands collecting field data. Schluter’s work on the finches culminated in the first estimates from nature of “adaptive landscapes” (mean fitness functions), which successfully predicted mean beak sizes of Galápagos ground finches on islands. He was able to compare these landscapes to fitness functions from survival data on natural selection, using a method he also pioneered, and to test evolutionary shifts caused by interspecific competition between species. This work was a key component of the long-term study of the Darwin's finches that is regarded as the most successful ever field study of evolution. Schluter obtained a tenure track position at UBC in 1989, where he played a steering role in building one of the world’s strongest research groups in biodiversity science.
Between 1983 and 1990 Schluter studied the evolution of continental bird assemblages, during which he developed methods to estimate convergence between faunas. This work led to a collaboration with R. E. Ricklefs that produced a highly influential coedited volume on global patterns of species diversity (Chicago, 1993). Schluter’s group continued to work on the evolution of the latitudinal gradient in species diversity. They showed, surprisingly, that speciation rates are often as higher or higher in the temperate zone, where few species are present, than in the much more species-rich tropics. This finding has since been confirmed by numerous other researchers.
In the late 1980’s, Schluter initiated work on threespine stickleback fish in BC, which enabled his landmark experimental and comparative studies on mechanisms driving the origin and divergence of new species. This work yielded advances on many significant research problems in adaptive radiation, and his stickleback species pairs have become one of the best-known natural study systems in evolutionary biology. The work inspired many ideas, culminating in his now classic text, "The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation" (Oxford, 2000). His subsequent collaboration with D. Kingsley and C. Peichel led to the discovery of key genes underlying species differences and made the stickleback a “supermodel” for studies of adaptive genetic variation. He continues to work on the ecology and genetics of adaptation and speciation in stickleback.
Research Interests
I investigate recent adaptive radiation, whereby a single ancestor diversifies rapidly into an array of species that inhabit a variety of environments and that differ in traits used to exploit those environments. I am especially interested in the selection pressures that drive the origin of new species, the ecological interactions that lead to the evolution of species differences, the genetic basis of these differences, and the wider impacts of diversification on ecosystems. I addressed these questions initially in field studies of Darwin’s finches, but over recent decades I have developed for study a natural system having many advantages for experimental study, the threespine sticklebacks of fresh water and coastal marine areas of British Columbia. My work has included the quantitative estimation of natural selection surfaces and ancestral traits, the experimental study of species interactions, natural selection and evolution, and the discovery of genes underlying phenotypic differences between populations and species and their fitness consequences. My second interest is the role of evolutionary processes and historical events in the development and maintenance of Earth's major biodiversity gradients. | |
| 1135 | Name: | Carl Schorlemmer | | | Year Elected: | 1878 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1136 | Name: | Gottlob E. Schultze | | | Year Elected: | 1822 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1137 | Name: | Heinrich C. Schumacher | | | Year Elected: | 1823 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1138 | Name: | Sir Arthur Schuster | | | Year Elected: | 1913 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1139 | Name: | Theodor Schwann | | | Year Elected: | 1863 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 1140 | Name: | Dr. Pierre-Paul Schweitzer | | | Institution: | France | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1912 | | | Death Date: | January 2, 1994 | | | | |
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