APS Member History

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281	Name:	Harley H. Bartlett
	Year Elected:	1929
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1887
	Death Date:	2/21/60

282	Name:	Frederic C. Bartlett
	Year Elected:	1945
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1886
	Death Date:	9/30/69

283	Name:	Dr. Paul D. Bartlett
	Institution:	Harvard University & Texas Christian University
	Year Elected:	1978
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	10/11/97

284	Name:	Thomas Barton
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1728
	Death Date:	5/25/1780

	Thomas Barton (1728–25 May 1780) was an Anglican minister and natural historian, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born in Ireland and educated at the University of Dublin, Barton emigrated to a small town outside Philadelphia in 1751, moving into the city in 1752, where he taught at the Academy of Philadelphia. After two years, he went to London for Anglican ordination, returning to a small frontier congregation in Adams County, PA, a region at the heart of the imperial conflict with French-allied Indians during the Seven Years’ War (1754–63). He served as a chaplain in 1758 before finding a more lucrative position at St. James in Lancaster. He founded the Lancaster Library Company and from Thomas Penn received books, globes, a planetarium, and a telescope. There Barton nurtured his interest in natural history, sending back to Penn some of his more novel samples; Barton also nurtured an interest in astronomy, which he imparted as mentor and lifelong friend to brother-in-law and APS member David Rittenhouse. Barton further exploited his connections to support his growing family, gaining a life tenancy on a proprietary farm in 1767, among other emoluments. His complicated views on Native Americans—Barton believed in developing English civilization and commerce and had seen the effects of native warmaking, but he also aspired to the soul-saving conversion of native peoples—helps explain his otherwise infamous explanation of the Paxton massacre. Despite claiming neutrality, he was forced to close St. James in 1776, in part because he refused to abjure the king, owing to his being Head of the Church of England. In 1778 Barton sought to leave. He sold his property, but before taking flight, fell ill in 1779 and died in New York in 1780. Sons William and Benjamin Smith Barton both were APS members. (PI)

285	Name:	William Barton
	Year Elected:	1787
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

286	Name:	Benjamin Smith Barton
	Year Elected:	1789
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1766
	Death Date:	12/19/1815

287	Name:	Richard P. Barton
	Year Elected:	1792
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	1/-/1821

288	Name:	W.P.C. Barton
	Year Elected:	1813
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	2/28/1856

289	Name:	George A. Barton
	Year Elected:	1911
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1859
	Death Date:	6/28/42

290	Name:	Sir Derek H. R. Barton
	Institution:	Texas A & M University
	Year Elected:	1978
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1918
	Death Date:	3/16/98

291	Name:	Dr. Jacqueline K. Barton
	Institution:	California Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1952

	Jacqueline K. Barton is the John G. Kirkwood and Arthur A. Noyes Professor of Chemistry, Emerita at the California Institute of Technology. She earned her A.B. at Barnard College and her Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry at Columbia University (1979). After a postdoctoral fellowship at Bell Laboratories and Yale University, she became an assistant professor at Hunter College, City University of New York. Soon after, she returned to Columbia University, becoming Professor of Chemistry in 1986. In the fall of 1989, she joined the faculty at Caltech, and from 2009-2019, she served as Chair of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Professor Barton has pioneered the application of transition metal complexes to probe recognition and reactions of double helical DNA. In particular, she has carried out studies to elucidate electron transfer chemistry mediated by the DNA double helix, a basis for understanding long range DNA-mediated signaling in DNA damage, repair, and replication. Through this research, she has trained more than 100 graduate and postdoctoral students. Professor Barton has also served the chemistry community through her service on government and industrial boards. She served as a Director of the Dow Chemical Company for over twenty years and currently serves as a Director of Gilead Sciences. Professor Barton has received many awards. These include the NSF Waterman Award, the American Chemical Society (ACS) Award in Pure Chemistry, a MacArthur Foundation fellowship, and the National Academy of Sciences Award in the Chemical Sciences. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. She received the 2010 National Medal of Science from President Obama, the 2015 ACS Priestley Medal, the highest award of the ACS, and the 2023 the Welch Award in Chemistry. Jacqueline Barton was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1999 and became Vice President in 2021.

292	Name:	Isaac Bartram
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	11/17/1725
	Death Date:	6/22/1801

	Isaac Bartram (17 November 1725–c. 22 June 1801) was a chemist, apothecary, and naturalist and a member of the Young Junto, elected in 1759. Born outside Philadelphia on the farm of his father, APS founding member John Bartram, Isaac ran an apothecary shop with his half-brother and fellow Young Junto member Moses Bartram; the shop also employed renowned surgeon and APS member James Hutchinson as an apprentice. The Bartram brothers signed the 1765 Non-Importation Agreement and later parted company amicably to establish independent shops. At the meetings of the Young Junto, Isaac submitted queries concerning electricity and the creation of a more sustainable timber supply in the region. He also presented papers on botany and conducted experiments to distill liquor from persimmons as a substitute for Caribbean rum. He is credited with proposing the creation of a class of foreign elected members to increase the society’s prestige. He served on committees that oversaw the unification of the American Society and American Philosophical Society, produced the first volume of the APS Transactions, and sought to augment the Society’s collections. He was also an early manager of the Silk Society, a director of the Library Company, an elected member of the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, and a contributor to the Philadelphia Dispensary and Pennsylvania Hospital. In addition to his father and his brother Moses, another half-brother, William Bartram, was a member of the American Society. (PI)

293	Name:	John Bartram
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1701
	Death Date:	9/22/1777

	John Bartram (23 May 1699–22 September 1777) was a botanist, horticulturist, explorer, and early ethnographer, and a founding member of the American Philosophical Society, both in its original and revived forms. Born into a Quaker family in Marple, Pennsylvania, Bartram had little formal education, yet he attained international renown for his contributions to the study of American plants. Bartram’s career received encouragement from James Logan, who provided early training, from Benjamin Franklin, who secured him free access to the collections of the Library Company, and from his long-term correspondent Peter Collinson, a London-based Royal Society fellow who provided introductions to the era’s most prominent scientists. Through Collinson, Bartram became a paid collector of plant specimens and seeds—as well as fossils, reptiles, insects, birds, mammals, and indigenous artifacts—for English naturalists. This financial support allowed him to conduct more extensive collecting trips that took him from New York, Ohio, and Canada to Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. Collinson also facilitated the publication of a number of Bartram’s letters in the Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions as well as his Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, Soil, Rivers, Productions, Animals, and Other Matters (1751). In 1765, Bartram was named botanist to the king. He was famous for the eight-acre garden he built on his farmlands on the banks of Philadelphia’s Schuylkill River. Containing rare plants collected during his excursions, it is often cited as the first botanical garden in North America. His proposal to Franklin concerning an ambitious survey of the American West seems to have inspired Thomas Jefferson’s instructions to Lewis and Clark. His sons William, Isaac, and Moses Bartram were APS members. (PI, ANB, DNB, DAB)

294	Name:	Moses Bartram
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	8/25/1732
	Death Date:	12/25/1809

	Moses Bartram (25 August 1732–25 December 1809) was an apothecary and naturalist and a member of the Young Junto, elected c. 1766. The son of founding APS member John Bartram, he was born on the family farm at Kingsessing near Philadelphia. After taking to sea as a common sailor in 1751, he found himself stranded in London where his father’s correspondent and Royal Society Fellow Peter Collinson paid his passage back to Philadelphia. Following a voyage to the Mediterranean, he settled down to run an apothecary shop with his half-brother and fellow Young Junto member Isaac Bartram. At the meetings of Young Junto—renamed the American Society shortly after his election—he submitted queries on somnambulism, on the influence of lakes on adjacent climates, and on the Mediterranean’s salinity and currents. He continued to correspond with Collinson, informing him about the experiments he conducted with an American species of locust. He also presented an influential paper on silkworm cultivation to the American Society that informed the creation of the Silk Society (of which he became a manager). When the American Society and American Philosophical Society united in 1769, he served on the former’s unification committee. During the American Revolution, Bartram held bureaucratic and active service roles. In 1776, he was disowned by his local Friend’s Meeting for this affront to Quaker pacifism and played an active role thereafter in founding a new meeting, the Society of Free Quakers, with other disowned Friends. He was also a member of the Humane Society and the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture, a donor to the Pennsylvania Hospital, and a street commissioner. In addition to his father and half-brother Isaac, his brother William Bartram was also a member of the American Society. (PI)

295	Name:	William Bartram
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	4/9/1739
	Death Date:	7/22/1823

	William Bartram (9 April 1739–22 July 1823) was a planter, botanist, and illustrator, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election to the American Society. Born outside Philadelphia to founding member John Bartram, William had by nineteen published naturalist sketches in Britain. Despite efforts his father’s urging into medicine or commerce, William’s dab hand and early success at naturalist illustration, combined with a 1765 tour of Florida with his father, rendered the young man a lover of the natural world. Despite his father’s pleas to take up profitable employ, William gathered around him a few patrons and set out on a four year adventure through the southern colonies in 1773. Putting his journals into form took the better part of a decade; during the same he planted a well-visited experimental garden concerned more with uniquity than beauty. His 1791 publication was a pathbreaking work of exploration and naturalism, blurring poetic romanticism, breathless travelogue, and scientific observations, all finely illustrated. It was his magnum opus: excepting his illustrating the majority of plates for fellow APS member Benjamin Smith Barton’s Elements of Botany (1803), Bartram produced only a few short works of observation and otherwise retired to his garden for his final decades. He died a man of little wealth in 1823. Brother Moses Bartram and half-brother Isaac Bartram were both APS members. (PI)

296	Name:	Carl Barus
	Year Elected:	1903
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	9/20/35

297	Name:	Dr. Wm. Theodore de Bary
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	July 14, 2017

	Wm. Theodore de Bary began his career as a teacher at Columbia in 1949 when he undertook to develop the undergraduate general education program in Asian Studies. For this he developed basic source readings in Asian Civilizations for India, China, Japan and now Korea. These volumes dealing with the major traditions of Asia, published in 1958-60, have seen wide use in colleges and universities throughout the United States and abroad. They have now been supplemented by over 140 other texts and translations for use in general educations on Asia. As chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures from 1960-66 and as first director of the National Defense Languages and Area Center he led a major expansion of the language programs in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. From 1969-70 he was President of the Association for Asian Studies. From 1969-71 he served as the first chair of the Executive Committee of the University Senate. From 1971-78 as Provost of the University, among other duties, Dr. de Bary assisted in the renovation and expansion of the East Asian Library and established the Heyman Center for the Humanities, which includes among other programs, offices and a reading room for the Human Rights Program. In 1974, Dr. de Bary was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and in 1999 to the American Philosophical Society. He had received honorary degrees from St. Lawrence University, Loyola University in Chicago, and Columbia. Professor de Bary's scholarly work focused on the major religious and intellectual traditions of East Asia, especially Confucianism in China, Japan and Korea. Among the more than twenty-five works authored by him, he has dealt principally with the issues of civil society and human rights in China. They include Asian Values and Human Rights (1998) and Nobility and Civility: Asian Ideals of Leadership and the Common Good (2004). In 2014 he was awarded the National Humanities Medal. Wm. Theodore de Bary died July 14, 2017, at age 97, in Tappan, New York.

298	Name:	Dr. Jacques Barzun
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1984
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	October 25, 2012

	Jacques Barzun was born in France in 1907. He grew up in Paris and, at twelve years old, was sent by his father to the United States to receive an American university education. In 1923 he entered Columbia College and graduated four years later at the top of his class, having been a prize-winning president of the prestigious Philolexian Society. He went on to lecture at Columbia, where he earned his Ph.D in 1932, became a full professor in 1945, and later became Dean of the Graduate School, Dean of Faculties, and Provost. In 1967 he resigned from his administrative duties to focus on teaching and writing until his retirement in 1975. Over seven decades, Barzun had written and edited more than forty books touching on an unusually broad range of subjects, including science and medicine; psychiatry from Robert Burton through William James to modern methods; art; and classical music - he was one of the all-time authorities on Hector Berlioz. After a period of poor health, he was advised that he had several years of life ahead, and this encouraged him to complete his last and largest book, From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present (2000), which became an unexpected bestseller and critically acclaimed success. Dr. Barzun was widely known in America and in Europe as a trenchant critic of modern trends in education, music and the arts, and he is also a specialist in musical history. Among his many commendations, he had been featured on the cover of Time magazine (1956); he was awarded the Gold Medal for Criticism from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, to which society he was elected in 1952 and twice served as its president; and he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2003 and he was awarded the 2010 National Humanities Medal by President Obama. Jacques Barzun died October 25, 2012, at the age of 104 in San Antonio, Texas.

299	Name:	Dr. George F. Bass
	Institution:	Texas A & M University
	Year Elected:	1989
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1932
	Death Date:	March 2, 2021

	George F. Bass graduated from The Johns Hopkins University with an M.A. in Near Eastern archaeology and attended the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. From 1957 to 1959 he served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army, and then began doctoral studies in classical archaeology at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1960 he learned to dive so that he could direct the first archaeological excavation of an ancient shipwreck, a Bronze Age wreck off Turkey. While excavating Byzantine shipwrecks off Turkey, Dr. Bass developed a submersible decompression chamber, a method of mapping under water by stereo-photogrammetry, and a two-person submarine, the Asherah, which was launched in 1964. That same year, he joined the University of Pennsylvania faculty. In 1967 his team was the first to locate an ancient wreck with sonar. In 1968 and 1971, he returned to land excavations in Greece and Italy. In 1973, Dr. Bass founded the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, which in 1976 affiliated with Texas A&M University, where, until his retirement in 2000, he was the George T. and Gladys H. Abell Distinguished Professor of Nautical Archaeology. He also held the George O. Yamini Family Chair. He is currently Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Texas A & M. The Institute conducts research on four continents, but Dr. Bass concentrates on Mediterranean sites from the Bronze Age though Byzantine times. Dr. Bass has received a National Medal of Science, the Archaeological Institute of America's Gold Medal for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement, the Bandelier Award from the Institute of Nautical Archaeology which accompanied a lectureship established in his name at the Archaeological Institute of America, a Lowell Thomas Award from the Explorers Club, the J.C. Harrington Medal from the Society for Historical Archaeology, the National Geographic Society's La Gorce Medal, and one of its fifteen Centennial Awards. Dr. Bass holds honorary doctorates from Boghaziçi University in Istanbul and the University of Liverpool. He is also an honorary citizen of Bodrum, Turkey. Dr. Bass was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1989. He died on March 2, 2021.

300	Name:	Dr. Bonnie L. Bassler
	Institution:	Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2012
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1962

	Bonnie L. Bassler is currently both an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and and Endowed Squibb Professor in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. Born in Illinois she received her Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1990. She has won a number of awards, including: the Eli Lilly and Company Research Award, American Society for Microbiology, 2006; the President's Distinguished Teaching Award, Princeton University, 2008; the Richard Lounsbery Award, National Academy of Sciences, 2011; the Shaw Prize, 2015; the Max Planck Research Award, 2016; the Dickson Prize in Medicine, 2018; and the 2020 Gruber Genetics Prize. In 2019 she became a member of the Johns Hopkins Society of Scholars. She is a member of the American Society for Microbiology (president); the American Academy for Microbiology (chair, Board of Governors); the National Academy of Sciences, 2006; and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2007. Bonnie Bassler discovered the universal use of chemical communication among bacteria, leading to a new paradigm of bacteria as interacting organisms. Early in her career, she discovered that bacteria use multiple chemical signals to communicate. She showed that this process, called quorum sensing, allows bacteria to coordinate behavior as a population and thereby act like multicellular organisms. Bassler subsequently made the seminal and startling discovery that bacteria communicate across species, and she identified the universal inter-species communication molecule. On the human health front, Bassler demonstrated that quorum sensing controls virulence in disease-causing bacteria, and that by manipulating quorum sensing she can halt virulence in globally-important pathogens. Her research paves the way for novel antibiotics targeting quorum sensing, and her group successfully demonstrated such therapeutic strategies. Bassler is internationally recognized for her passionate commitment to science education and outreach and to increasing gender and racial diversity in science, mathematics, and engineering. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.

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