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1.Title:  Halliday Jackson Journal (1798-1799)
 Dates:  1798 - 1799 
 Extent:  1 volume  
 Locations:  Allegany | Bedford | Berlin | Buffalo | Fort Erie | Niagara Falls | Pittsburgh | Redstone Township | Shippensburg | Strasburg | Warren | York 
 Abstract:  In a journal documenting his residence with the Seneca Nation in New York, Pennsylvania Quaker Halliday Jackson offers a detailed, daily account of his missionary life, travels, and Seneca customs at the turn of the nineteenth century (1798-99). Jackson offers numerous accounts of land, cultivation, and development, including early accounts of Pittsburg (p.8-9), a Seneca settlement (19), and Niagara Falls (163-64). Native American studies scholars may gravitate to the volume's descriptions of Seneca food preparation (17), marriage (148-9), alcohol consumption (14, 124-125), land deeds (53-54, 75), Quaker diplomacy (23-24, 32-33), and increasingly strained relations with backcountry settlers (126, 131-133, 146-47, 178-79), many of which are voiced by the Seneca themselves and transcribed by Jackson at council meetings. This volume also features entries that will interest scholars researching the early national period, including the Bank of the United States (75), the yellow fever epidemic (74, 114-15), and the death of George Washington (176). 
    
A similar printed version of the journal, edited by Anthony F.C. Wallace, was published in Pennsylvania History in 1952.
 
    
In a journal documenting his residence with the Seneca Nation in New York, Pennsylvania Quaker Halliday Jackson offers a detailed, daily account of his missionary life, travels, and Seneca customs at the turn of the nineteenth century (1798-99). Jackson offers numerous accounts of land, cultivation, and development, including early accounts of Pittsburg (p.8-9), a Seneca settlement (19), and Niagara Falls (163-64). Native American studies scholars may gravitate to the volume's descriptions of Seneca food preparation (17), marriage (148-9), alcohol consumption (14, 124-125), land deeds (53-54, 75), Quaker diplomacy (23-24, 32-33), and increasingly strained relations with backcountry settlers (126, 131-133, 146-47, 178-79), many of which are voiced by the Seneca themselves and transcribed by Jackson at council meetings. This volume also features entries that will interest scholars researching the early national period, including the Bank of the United States (75), the yellow fever epidemic (74, 114-15), and the death of George Washington (176).
 
A similar printed version of the journal, edited by Anthony F.C. Wallace, was published in Pennsylvania History in 1952.
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  Selected Quotations
  • "Your Friends the Quakers have for many years been desirous you should be taught in the ways of good and honest White people, that you, your Wives, and Children might learn to live more comfortably, and be relieved from the distresses and difficulties to which you have been subjected by your old habits and manners of living…some of our young men from an earnest desire to be useful to you, have concluded to leave their usual business here, and comfortable dwellings, and go into your Country for the purpose of instructing you in the cultivation of Lands, raising and managing of Cattle, and to example you in sobriety and industry, for which purpose they expect to remain for a time amongst you" (23-24)

  • "About this time and for some time past numbers of White people were clocking down this River with their wives and Families mostly from the west branch of Susquehanna and generally going to settle on the Waters of French Creek...The difficulties they encounter in the journey is very great…They sometimes bring to my remembrance the journeying of the Children of Israel out of Egypt" (146-7)

  • "Altho it is sorrowful to behold the extravagance, and incorrigible attachment of these poor people to Splendid and superfluous Ornaments in their Apparel, I cannot but lament their situation when I reflect that these corruptions are principally deriv'd from those who stile themselves Christians--We have much reason to believe that while they natives reign'd as Aboriginal Lords of the Soil, before they had any communication with the White Inhabitants and while they were clothed in the Skins which they procur'd in their Native Forests, they were merely more temperate-free from pride and all other vices than they now are, and lived more in the Harmony one with another-The rich productions of Foreign Countries-and manufactures of Civilized Nations have served only to lead them into extravagance and Pride, and instead of contributing to their comfort has sown the seeds of immorality, intemperance & effeminacy, among them. The White people have taken away their Land, whereon they once lived in ease and plenty, and given them in exchange for ti little more than their Vies--& what little pecuniary aid is afforded them, with what they can yet procure from their Native Forests, the lovers of money more than Lovers of Justice are artfully devising means to obtain from them for that which is of little advantage to them, but to lead them onto pride, and to effect their destruction and Total extinction-and those who settle on the frontiers of their Country, who ought to example them in a life of morality and civilization are too frequently the Outcasts of all nations, and whose conduct in the view of these Natives serve only to disgrace the name of Christianity-Such is the situation of many of the Indian Tribes-How lamentable & yet how true" (178-9)
 
 Subjects:  Agriculture. | Bank of the United States (1791-1811) | Diaries. | Indians of North America--Missions. | Missionaries. | Native America | Oneida Indians. | Race. | Religion. | Seneca Indians. | Society of Friends--Missions. | Society of Friends. | Temperance. | Travel. | United States--Civilization--1783-1865. | Washington, George, 1732-1799. | Yellow fever. 
 Collection:  Some account of my journey to the Seneca Nation of Indians, and residence amongst that people, 1798-1799  (Mss.970.3.J25)  
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2.Title:  George Hunter Journals (1796-1809)
 Dates:  1796 - 1809 
 Extent:  4 volumes  
 Locations:  Baltimore | Berlin | Blue Lick | Carlisle | Frankford | Lexington | Louisville | Millersburg | Natchez | New Orleans | Philadelphia | Pittsburgh | Port Vincent | Richmond | Sadler | Saint Catharine's | Saint Louis | Shippensburg | Washington D.C. | Wheeling 
 Abstract:  George Hunter maintained four journals during expeditions into Kentucky, Illinois, Mississippi, and Louisiana between 1796-1809. Hunter records his daily affairs, observations of territories, visits to trading centers, and commentary on international rivalries and relations with various indigenous peoples, including the Delaware, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Osage. With rich, narrative accounts of western travel in the early national period—including exploration of Louisiana shortly after the Louisiana Purchase—the Hunter diaries ought to interest scholars researching the American west, Native America, and U.S. empire. 
    
Interested researchers would do well to consult the detailed description of Hunter's four volumes available in the Early American History Note. For the purposes of diary researchers, the first volume (1796) warrants attention for its descriptions of indigenous peoples and early settlements. For example, Hunter offers an extended account of St. Louis (9/4/1796). He also describes an Indian woman whose nose was cut off by her husband for infidelity, a passage excerpted in Selected Quotations (9/9/1796). The 1802 journal documents Hunter's trip across Pennsylvania (Berlin, Carlisle, and Shippensburg), visit to a cave in Kentucky, and discussion of salt production at Blue Lick. Finally, the last two journals (1804, 1809) include various travels in the South, including a description of expedition to the Hot Springs of Arkansas (1804-1805) as well as longitudes and latitudes that researchers might use to trace Hunter's journey. Notably, Hunter discovers Mammoth bones, which he compares to those of Charles Wilson Peale, writing, "I cannot for bear mentioning a great natural curiosity I have just seen here [sic] about 2 ½ Tons of Bones of one or two Mammoths twice as large as Peals" (5/27/1804).
 
    
George Hunter maintained four journals during expeditions into Kentucky, Illinois, Mississippi, and Louisiana between 1796-1809. Hunter records his daily affairs, observations of territories, visits to trading centers, and commentary on international rivalries and relations with various indigenous peoples, including the Delaware, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Osage. With rich, narrative accounts of western travel in the early national period—including exploration of Louisiana shortly after the Louisiana Purchase—the Hunter diaries ought to interest scholars researching the American west, Native America, and U.S. empire.
 
Interested researchers would do well to consult the detailed description of Hunter's four volumes available in the Early American History Note. For the purposes of diary researchers, the first volume (1796) warrants attention for its descriptions of indigenous peoples and early settlements. For example, Hunter offers an extended account of St. Louis (9/4/1796). He also describes an Indian woman whose nose was cut off by her husband for infidelity, a passage excerpted in Selected Quotations (9/9/1796). The 1802 journal documents Hunter's trip across Pennsylvania (Berlin, Carlisle, and Shippensburg), visit to a cave in Kentucky, and discussion of salt production at Blue Lick. Finally, the last two journals (1804, 1809) include various travels in the South, including a description of expedition to the Hot Springs of Arkansas (1804-1805) as well as longitudes and latitudes that researchers might use to trace Hunter's journey. Notably, Hunter discovers Mammoth bones, which he compares to those of Charles Wilson Peale, writing, "I cannot for bear mentioning a great natural curiosity I have just seen here [sic] about 2 ½ Tons of Bones of one or two Mammoths twice as large as Peals" (5/27/1804).
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  Selected Quotations
  • "After dinner crossed the Mississippi, in a Canoe, swimming our horses after it, & came to the Town of St. Louis, on the Spanish side, here we also paid our respects to the Commandant & were politely received…This Town is built on the banks of the Mississippi upon high ground with a gradual descent to the water. Is very healthy to appearance. The children seem ruddy & water is good, & everything puts on a better appearance than on our side" (9/4/1796)

  • "There is a considerable resort of Indians, they are constantly thro & about this hour at all times, like as many pet Lambs, at present there is a Man, his Squa & child sitting by the kitchen fire. The squa has a piece of her nose cut off by this very husband now sitting peaceably by her sit, in a fit of Jealousy, she wears a piece of [Ten?] bent over the part to make out the nose. It seems with them that for the first offence this way with another man, the Squa is punished with a sound drubbing, for the next, he cuts off the end of her nose, & for the third he either kills her or turns her away" (9/9/1796)

  • "I cannot for bear mentioning a great natural curiosity I have just seen here [sic] about 2 ½ Tons of Bones of one or two Mammoths twice as large as Peals" (5/27/1804)
 
 Subjects:  American Western Life | Cherokee Indians. | Chickasaw Indians. | Choctaw Indians. | Delaware Indians. | Diaries. | Expedition | Geology. | Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826. | Meteorology. | Native America | Natural history. | Osage Indians. | Science. | Travel. | United States--Civilization--1783-1865. | Weather. 
 Collection:  George Hunter Journals  (Mss.B.H912)  
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