Garwin's notebooks are a veritable who's who of contemporary geopolitics. Throughout his work with and through dozens of educational, consulting, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, Garwin notes encounters with countless business leaders, advisors, and heads of state, including George Soros (4/15/1997), Bob Dole and Pat Buchanan (1/19/1998), Benjamin Netanyahu (5/5/1999), John Bolton (2/26/2001), Paul Wolfowitz (3/16/2001), Condoleezza Rice (5/12/1999, 1/15/2002), and Bill Clinton and Barack Obama (5/23/2010). In fact, he uses his notebooks as scrapbooks, recording names, addresses, and phone numbers, to-do lists, web URLs and IP addresses, and a trove of ephemera, including newspaper clippings, business cards, post-it notes, and various sketches, diagrams, and formulas. Interspersed are glimpses into his personal life, such as visits to the theater (e.g. Romeo & Juliet, 5/4/1988) and personal accounts (3/15/1990, 2/6/1997, 9/3/1997).
 
While these notebooks will captivate a range of scholars, they may be divided into three core research interests: the culmination of the Cold War and diplomatic efforts towards nuclear non-proliferation
 
Middle East military engagement, including the 1990-91 Gulf War, 9/11, and 2003 Iraq invasion
 
and personal computing between the years of 1990-2010.
 
Garwin was deeply engaged in nuclear non-proliferation, particularly via the first Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. In an 8/29/1989 entry, he observes "Soviets are rational about their own survival," and adds that "Progress in START dominates all other operations" (9/19/1990). After the signing of the treaty, Garwin continues to follow Russia with interest: he records notes from the Secretary of Defense (3/25/1992), a meeting with James Baker (5/1/1993), a "seismic false alarm in Russia" (12/12/1997), and personal concerns over nuclear missile defense systems (3/17/1999). In later entries, he regularly references the revised treaty, including the geopolitical constraints of Dmitry Medvedev with regards to Vladimir Putin (10/19/2009).
 
Garwin also offers insider accounts of U.S. Middle East policy between 1991 and 2003. In the last month of the Gulf War, he writes, "oil well fires: how to put out fires in Kuwait…oil wells are set by demo charges" (1/10/1991). Several months later he adds, "Kuwait not sitting well with people of US" (4/5/1991). Ten years later, he records internal divisions between cabinet members favoring coalition-building and unilateral action (9/19/2001), and, soon after, notes a "new policy of preemption" (6/13/2002). Garwin himself appears resistant to military intervention. In a 11/29/2002 entry, for example, he presents "problems" with the Iraq program.
 
Finally, Garwin's notebooks evince a sustained interest in computer technology. He records a computer purchase in one of his earliest notebooks (4/28/1988), meets with a UPS executive about barcode technology (12/22/1993), includes ephemera related to a Columbia University text retrieval project (6/27/1993), and even alludes to GPS technology (12/14/1997). His twenty-first century entries include a New York Times news clipping on space weapons (5/8/2005), a note about Google Voice (10/19/2009), and a reference to Google's self-driving car (11/3/2010).

With the exception of the Blumberg diaries, the Richard Garwin notebooks are perhaps the foremost collection to provide personal insights into late twentieth and early twenty-first century media, technology, and geopolitics in the APS archives. Spanning 1988-2011, these 57 notebooks offer an aerial view of Garwin's career and professional networks at consulates, consulting firms (especially Rand and Booz Allen), research universities, and prominent organizations such as the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), National Security Council (NSC), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). Over the course of his illustrious career, Garwin crossed paths with nearly every leader in contemporary geopolitics, and researchers investigating post-Vietnam American politics, the end of the Cold War, nuclear non-proliferation, globalization, and various Middle East military interventions, will be richly rewarded. For those interested in the history of computing, his notebooks also record key developments of the past three decades, from the rise of the personal computer to the proliferation of GPS technology to the emergence of autonomous vehicles.
 
Garwin's notebooks are a veritable who's who of contemporary geopolitics. Throughout his work with and through dozens of educational, consulting, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, Garwin notes encounters with countless business leaders, advisors, and heads of state, including George Soros (4/15/1997), Bob Dole and Pat Buchanan (1/19/1998), Benjamin Netanyahu (5/5/1999), John Bolton (2/26/2001), Paul Wolfowitz (3/16/2001), Condoleezza Rice (5/12/1999, 1/15/2002), and Bill Clinton and Barack Obama (5/23/2010). In fact, he uses his notebooks as scrapbooks, recording names, addresses, and phone numbers, to-do lists, web URLs and IP addresses, and a trove of ephemera, including newspaper clippings, business cards, post-it notes, and various sketches, diagrams, and formulas. Interspersed are glimpses into his personal life, such as visits to the theater (e.g. Romeo & Juliet, 5/4/1988) and personal accounts (3/15/1990, 2/6/1997, 9/3/1997).
 
While these notebooks will captivate a range of scholars, they may be divided into three core research interests: the culmination of the Cold War and diplomatic efforts towards nuclear non-proliferation
 
Middle East military engagement, including the 1990-91 Gulf War, 9/11, and 2003 Iraq invasion
 
and personal computing between the years of 1990-2010.
 
Garwin was deeply engaged in nuclear non-proliferation, particularly via the first Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. In an 8/29/1989 entry, he observes "Soviets are rational about their own survival," and adds that "Progress in START dominates all other operations" (9/19/1990). After the signing of the treaty, Garwin continues to follow Russia with interest: he records notes from the Secretary of Defense (3/25/1992), a meeting with James Baker (5/1/1993), a "seismic false alarm in Russia" (12/12/1997), and personal concerns over nuclear missile defense systems (3/17/1999). In later entries, he regularly references the revised treaty, including the geopolitical constraints of Dmitry Medvedev with regards to Vladimir Putin (10/19/2009).
 
Garwin also offers insider accounts of U.S. Middle East policy between 1991 and 2003. In the last month of the Gulf War, he writes, "oil well fires: how to put out fires in Kuwait…oil wells are set by demo charges" (1/10/1991). Several months later he adds, "Kuwait not sitting well with people of US" (4/5/1991). Ten years later, he records internal divisions between cabinet members favoring coalition-building and unilateral action (9/19/2001), and, soon after, notes a "new policy of preemption" (6/13/2002). Garwin himself appears resistant to military intervention. In a 11/29/2002 entry, for example, he presents "problems" with the Iraq program.
 
Finally, Garwin's notebooks evince a sustained interest in computer technology. He records a computer purchase in one of his earliest notebooks (4/28/1988), meets with a UPS executive about barcode technology (12/22/1993), includes ephemera related to a Columbia University text retrieval project (6/27/1993), and even alludes to GPS technology (12/14/1997). His twenty-first century entries include a New York Times news clipping on space weapons (5/8/2005), a note about Google Voice (10/19/2009), and a reference to Google's self-driving car (11/3/2010).

This collection contains at least 18 diaries spanning more than thirty-five years (1917-1954) of unusual diaries available as both loose pages (contained in 5 folders) and traditional notebooks (11 bound volumes). Maintained by crystallographer Rose Mooney-Slater, these records offer insights into her graduate education at Tulane University and the University of Chicago, Guggenheim Fellowship in Europe on the eve of World War II, and noteworthy career during the postwar period. Alongside many rich ancillary materials--such as a Friendship Book with numerous photographs from 1914-17--Mooney-Slater's diaries provide detailed information about her personal and professional life. Of particular note is a diary describing her aborted Guggenheim Fellowship in Holland at the outset of World War II, as excerpted in Selected Quotations (9/1/1939). With the outbreak of war, Mooney-Slater cuts short her fellowship and books passage back to the United States as others rush to leave Europe. Early diaries provide glimpses into her struggles to balance marriage with graduate education (1928-29) and later diaries document her wide-ranging professional travels during the postwar period, including trips to Europe in both 1951 and 1954. Unfortunately, many of these volumes are water-damaged, and it can be challenging to trace the chronology of materials in folders (particular items in the 1917-1952 folder). However, scholars willing to take the time to peruse these records will be richly rewarded with insights into twentieth-century science, the postwar research university, and the inner life of a remarkable female scientist.
 

The majority Vaux diaries are maintained at least two generations of George Vaux (1800-1927). Those volumes include entries that may interest researchers investigating late-antebellum politics, religion, and Vaux family history (1854-59 diaries), postbellum weather and meteorological observations (1853-1915 daybooks), late-nineteenth century architecture and urban development ("Llsyfran Diary," 1886-1915), and the religious practices of American Friends in the nineteenth century (1825-1927 and 1886-1901 diaries). However, there are also noteworthy volumes from William Vaux, Richard Vaux, Samuel Sansom, and Mary Vaux.
 
William Vaux
 
The diaries of William Vaux (1883-1908) may interest researchers exploring Philadelphia regional history, western expeditions, late-nineteenth century science (especially photography), late-nineteenth century presidential politics, and the 1893 World's Fair, for which Vaux includes a dedicated volume. In addition to accounts of education, marriage, funerals, and the religious practices of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, William Vaux offers at least one account of Brigham Young and the Mormons (1883 diary). Most volumes emphasize his participation in university life (Haverford College and the Drexel Institute), athletics (the American Alpine Club), and postbellum science (the Photographic Society of Philadelphia, the Quaker Asylum and Penitentiary), with occasional notes pertaining to presidential politics, such as the election and assassination of William McKinley.
 
Richard Vaux
 
Two volumes contained in the Richard Vaux papers warrant careful attention. A typed transcript of a 1781 diary (1/1-10/27) furnishes an account of a loyalist during the American Revolution. As detailed in George Vaux's short introduction to the diary, Vaux apprenticed with Samuel Sansom in Philadelphia beginning in 1768. (The original diary, which begins in March 1779 is unavailable.) A loyalist, he spent much of the war in London and returned to Philadelphia shortly after the revolution (c. 1784). Each entry includes paragraph-length account of personal affairs of and socializing with the English upper class, typically beginning with breakfast meetings and running until often quite late at night (usually Vaux notes that he returns home around 11 or midnight, though several entries are much later). Typical social events include breakfasts and dinners (and the individuals involved), pipe smoking, excursions around England, theater showings (e.g. Covent Garden Play House), daily visits to coffee shops (especially Lloyd's Coffee House), painting exhibitions (including the work of Benjamin West), and the Free Mason Lodge. As George Vaux notes in his introduction, Richard is a "man of the world." He also spends a fairly extraordinary amount of time and money on inns and taverns (including Ambrose Lloyd's, Queens Head Tavern, Bull Tavern, March's Tavern, and Falcon Inn). Equally descriptive are his meticulous accounts of expenses: coffee houses and coaches are the most frequent expenses, though Richard Vaux also notes spending on charity, tobacco, tea, newspapers, baths, books, brandy, and milk.
 
Beginning in September 1781, Richard Vaux embarks on a transatlantic voyage, during which he measures daily progress (distance traveled) and coordinates (latitudes). His time on board is marked by ubiquitous illness, particularly sea sickness, injuries, and fevers. The reader also gains a rich sense of the sailors' diets (including pickled tongues) and daily trials (e.g. pests, as Richard records "dismal nights with the bugs" on multiple occasions, including 10/8 and 10/16). Notably, the narrative ends when the ship is boarded by the Hendrik Privateer, a New England ship under the command of Thomas Bensom, which seizes their brig as a "prize to America" and ransacks their stores (10/26).
 
Samuel Sansom
 
Also included in the Richard Vaux papers is the European travel journal of Samuel Sansom (1759-1760), which provides some of the lengthiest, most conversational, and public-facing diary entries researchers will encounter anywhere in the APS collections. The Sansom diary opens with a note from his former apprentice, Richard Vaux, and other front matter suggests that the journal was transcribed at sea from loose pages so that the author could enable his friends to "partake with him in the entertainment he experiences (in the days of his youth)." The volume also features an excerpt from Elizabeth Drinker's journal with a silhouette of Sansom and a note that Sansom left London on 4/1/1760 and returned to Philadelphia on 5/4/1760.
 
Sansom's account begins at the outset of his transatlantic journey, and pays significant attention to travel delays
 
in fact, leaks require his ship to return to Philadelphia just nine days after departure. Upon arriving in London, Sansom travels widely and socializes continuously, particularly with the English upper class. He attends Quaker meetings, frequents coffee houses, and he is preoccupied with various curiosities, from wax figures (11/13/1759) to a dwarf and giant (2/22/1760). Sansom proves a studious observer of the mechanics of production (e.g. grist mills), English towns and cities (especially Birmingham), and Quaker sermons and religious practices. He regularly intersperses prosaic observations with grand musings (reference the 12/20/1759 and 2/1/1760 entries for examples) intended to instruct and delight the friends he imagines will later read his volume with rapt anticipation.
 
Mary Vaux
 
Finally, the Mary Walsh James Vaux maintained a diary in 1906 and for most of the period spanning 1921-1951. Those 40 volumes may interest researchers interested in women's history, Philadelphia regional history, Vaux family history, western expeditions, and the outbreak of WWII. Vaux's diaries include inspirational quotes, notes from religious meetings, lectures, and receptions, shopping lists, addresses, and notes on the weather. Her entries frequently reference the Pennsylvania Yearly Meeting (Society of Friends) as well as the League of Women Voters, Female Society for the Relief and Employ of the Poor, and the Salvation Army. Diaries sometimes include ephemera, such as dried leaves and photographs (1927).
 
Although Mary Vaux tends to record cursory notes, sometimes her entries provide insights into her emotional state. Vaux appears to have suffered from depression (reference, for example, 10/29/1927, 11/3/1927, 11/13/1939, and 5/4/1940) and often register significant shifts in mood (compare 9/24/1906 to 11/4/1906). A notebook also appears to include numerous personal letters Mary Vaux collected from her husband, George Vaux, spanning 1932-34. (Each entry begins, "George Vaux is here to speak to Mary"). World War II surfaces in her later diary entries. While Mary Vaux rarely discusses politics or war, her 1940 Pomernatz diary includes draft numbers in place of the 10/27-29 entries. The 12/7/1941 entry in her Excelsior diary and the 12/8/1941 entry in her Pomernatz diary note the outbreak of World War II.

The sprawling Vaux Family Papers include at least 160 volumes of diaries traversing two centuries of American history (1759-1951). While those journals are maintained predominantly by generations of George, Richard, and William Vaux the collection is bookended by Richard Vaux (1781) and Mary Walsh James Vaux (1906-1951), both of whom supply some of the most surprising records in the collection. (In fact, the Vaux family included some 10 Georges, three Richards, and two Williams.) Reading across these papers, researchers will discover accounts of early American religion during the Second Great Awakening (especially the Society of Friends and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), European towns and cities between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, late-nineteenth century conservation (with accounts of 1880s Yosemite and Theodore Roosevelt), ante and postbellum U.S. politics (including short-lived factions such as the Locofocos), the fields of business, architecture, and photography, and women's history.
 
The majority Vaux diaries are maintained at least two generations of George Vaux (1800-1927). Those volumes include entries that may interest researchers investigating late-antebellum politics, religion, and Vaux family history (1854-59 diaries), postbellum weather and meteorological observations (1853-1915 daybooks), late-nineteenth century architecture and urban development ("Llsyfran Diary," 1886-1915), and the religious practices of American Friends in the nineteenth century (1825-1927 and 1886-1901 diaries). However, there are also noteworthy volumes from William Vaux, Richard Vaux, Samuel Sansom, and Mary Vaux.
 
William Vaux
 
The diaries of William Vaux (1883-1908) may interest researchers exploring Philadelphia regional history, western expeditions, late-nineteenth century science (especially photography), late-nineteenth century presidential politics, and the 1893 World's Fair, for which Vaux includes a dedicated volume. In addition to accounts of education, marriage, funerals, and the religious practices of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, William Vaux offers at least one account of Brigham Young and the Mormons (1883 diary). Most volumes emphasize his participation in university life (Haverford College and the Drexel Institute), athletics (the American Alpine Club), and postbellum science (the Photographic Society of Philadelphia, the Quaker Asylum and Penitentiary), with occasional notes pertaining to presidential politics, such as the election and assassination of William McKinley.
 
Richard Vaux
 
Two volumes contained in the Richard Vaux papers warrant careful attention. A typed transcript of a 1781 diary (1/1-10/27) furnishes an account of a loyalist during the American Revolution. As detailed in George Vaux's short introduction to the diary, Vaux apprenticed with Samuel Sansom in Philadelphia beginning in 1768. (The original diary, which begins in March 1779 is unavailable.) A loyalist, he spent much of the war in London and returned to Philadelphia shortly after the revolution (c. 1784). Each entry includes paragraph-length account of personal affairs of and socializing with the English upper class, typically beginning with breakfast meetings and running until often quite late at night (usually Vaux notes that he returns home around 11 or midnight, though several entries are much later). Typical social events include breakfasts and dinners (and the individuals involved), pipe smoking, excursions around England, theater showings (e.g. Covent Garden Play House), daily visits to coffee shops (especially Lloyd's Coffee House), painting exhibitions (including the work of Benjamin West), and the Free Mason Lodge. As George Vaux notes in his introduction, Richard is a "man of the world." He also spends a fairly extraordinary amount of time and money on inns and taverns (including Ambrose Lloyd's, Queens Head Tavern, Bull Tavern, March's Tavern, and Falcon Inn). Equally descriptive are his meticulous accounts of expenses: coffee houses and coaches are the most frequent expenses, though Richard Vaux also notes spending on charity, tobacco, tea, newspapers, baths, books, brandy, and milk.
 
Beginning in September 1781, Richard Vaux embarks on a transatlantic voyage, during which he measures daily progress (distance traveled) and coordinates (latitudes). His time on board is marked by ubiquitous illness, particularly sea sickness, injuries, and fevers. The reader also gains a rich sense of the sailors' diets (including pickled tongues) and daily trials (e.g. pests, as Richard records "dismal nights with the bugs" on multiple occasions, including 10/8 and 10/16). Notably, the narrative ends when the ship is boarded by the Hendrik Privateer, a New England ship under the command of Thomas Bensom, which seizes their brig as a "prize to America" and ransacks their stores (10/26).
 
Samuel Sansom
 
Also included in the Richard Vaux papers is the European travel journal of Samuel Sansom (1759-1760), which provides some of the lengthiest, most conversational, and public-facing diary entries researchers will encounter anywhere in the APS collections. The Sansom diary opens with a note from his former apprentice, Richard Vaux, and other front matter suggests that the journal was transcribed at sea from loose pages so that the author could enable his friends to "partake with him in the entertainment he experiences (in the days of his youth)." The volume also features an excerpt from Elizabeth Drinker's journal with a silhouette of Sansom and a note that Sansom left London on 4/1/1760 and returned to Philadelphia on 5/4/1760.
 
Sansom's account begins at the outset of his transatlantic journey, and pays significant attention to travel delays
 
in fact, leaks require his ship to return to Philadelphia just nine days after departure. Upon arriving in London, Sansom travels widely and socializes continuously, particularly with the English upper class. He attends Quaker meetings, frequents coffee houses, and he is preoccupied with various curiosities, from wax figures (11/13/1759) to a dwarf and giant (2/22/1760). Sansom proves a studious observer of the mechanics of production (e.g. grist mills), English towns and cities (especially Birmingham), and Quaker sermons and religious practices. He regularly intersperses prosaic observations with grand musings (reference the 12/20/1759 and 2/1/1760 entries for examples) intended to instruct and delight the friends he imagines will later read his volume with rapt anticipation.
 
Mary Vaux
 
Finally, the Mary Walsh James Vaux maintained a diary in 1906 and for most of the period spanning 1921-1951. Those 40 volumes may interest researchers interested in women's history, Philadelphia regional history, Vaux family history, western expeditions, and the outbreak of WWII. Vaux's diaries include inspirational quotes, notes from religious meetings, lectures, and receptions, shopping lists, addresses, and notes on the weather. Her entries frequently reference the Pennsylvania Yearly Meeting (Society of Friends) as well as the League of Women Voters, Female Society for the Relief and Employ of the Poor, and the Salvation Army. Diaries sometimes include ephemera, such as dried leaves and photographs (1927).
 
Although Mary Vaux tends to record cursory notes, sometimes her entries provide insights into her emotional state. Vaux appears to have suffered from depression (reference, for example, 10/29/1927, 11/3/1927, 11/13/1939, and 5/4/1940) and often register significant shifts in mood (compare 9/24/1906 to 11/4/1906). A notebook also appears to include numerous personal letters Mary Vaux collected from her husband, George Vaux, spanning 1932-34. (Each entry begins, "George Vaux is here to speak to Mary"). World War II surfaces in her later diary entries. While Mary Vaux rarely discusses politics or war, her 1940 Pomernatz diary includes draft numbers in place of the 10/27-29 entries. The 12/7/1941 entry in her Excelsior diary and the 12/8/1941 entry in her Pomernatz diary note the outbreak of World War II.