Ernst N. Krackowizer Papers

Mss.Ms.Coll.172

Date: 1826-1985 1826-1875 | Size: 2.75 Linear feet
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Abstract

Ernst Krackowizer (1821-1875), father-in-law to the anthropologist Franz Boas (APS 1903), was an Austrian born surgeon who fled Vienna to New York following his involvement as captain of the Academic Legion during the Revolution of 1848. Krackowizer was an active member of New York medical community, helping to found the German Dispensary and Hospital, later renamed Lenox Hill Hospital. During the Civil War, Krackowizer assisted the Union Army as a volunteer surgeon and inspector of military hospitals. Krackowizer is claimed to have been the first on whom the anesthetic effects of chloroform were tested in Vienna and the first to use a laryngoscope in the United States. This collection is comprised of the personal papers of Ernst Krackowizer including diplomas, certificates, correspondence, diaries, and photographs, which document his life and medical career. Krackowizer's experience in the Revolution of 1848 and subsequent flight from Vienna trough Germany to the United States is well detailed in his correspondence to his fiancée and later wife, Emilie Forster, and in his diaries, which make up a significant portion of this collection. Krackowizer firsthand description of the early use of chloroform and the laryngoscope are included, as well as materials documenting his involvement as a volunteer surgeon and hospital inspector during the Civil War. Additionally, the Krackowizer Papers contain material written by others reference the life and work of Ernst Krackowizer.

Background note

Ernst Krackowizer was born 3 December 1821 in Spital am Pyhrn, a small village in Upper Austria. He was the fourth son of Ferdinand Krackowizer (1777-1828), an officeholder in Spital am Pyhrn, and his wife Theresia Richter Krackowizer (1794-1866). Following the death of his father in 1828, Krachowizer and his family moved to Kremsmünster, where he attended the gymnasium at the Kremsmünster Abbey (Stift Kremsmüster) to complete his preliminary and classical studies. In 1840, he matriculated and began his medical studies at the University of Vienna (Universität Wein). Krackowizer spent a year of study at the University of Pavia (Università di Pavia) in Italy and then returned to graduate from the University of Vienna in 1845.

After graduating and receiving his medical degree, Krackowizer entered a special operative course taught by Dr. Franz Schuh, a prominent Austrian surgeon of the time. Following the completion of this two-year course, he moved to Steyer, Austria to begin medical and surgical practice. However, within a few months, he returned to Vienna to work as Dr. Schuh's clinical assistant at the General Hospital of Vienna. In 1847, it is claimed that Krackowizer was the first person in Vienna on whom the anesthetic effects of chloroform were tested.

Krackowizer took part in the Revolutions of 1848 in Vienna as a captain of the Academic Legion. When the last uprising was defeated in October 1848, Krackowizer was forced to flee Vienna to avoid arrest. He moved to several German towns, settling for a time in Tübingen. Here, Krackowizer spent nine months working as the clinical assistant of Dr. Victor von Bruns and delivering lectures at the University of Tübingen (Universität Tübingen). To avoid the threat of extradition to Austria, Krackowizer next moved to Kiel in Northern Germany and then to the United States.

Sailing on the Helene Sloman, Krackowizer arrived in New York on 28 June 1850. He set up practice in Willamsburg, N.Y. and became a surgeon at the Brooklyn City Hospital. Krackowizer married his fiancée Emilie Forster on 11 May 1851, following her immigration to the United States.

In 1857, Krackowizer moved to Manhattan, where he became increasingly involved in the medical community. He was an active member of a number of medical societies including: the Medical Society of the County of New York, the Academy of Medicine, the Medical Library and Journal Association, and the Pathological Society, for which he was president in 1868. Additionally in 1852, with Drs. Roth and Herczka, he published the New Yorker Medicinische Monatsschrift (New York Medical Monthly), a German language journal containing original papers, case histories, and clinical observations, which was only published for one year due to limited financial success. In 1858, Krackowizer is credited for being the first person to use a laryngoscope in the United States.

In 1861, along with other members of the German Society of the City of New York including Dr. Abraham Jacobi, Krackowizer co-founded the German Dispensary. The German Dispensary was later renamed the German Hospital and Dispensary and today is known as Lenox Hill Hospital. Krackowizer worked as Chief Surgeon in the Dispensary and was influential in its expansion in 1869. Krackowizer was also a surgeon at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York Hospital, and briefly at Bellevue Hospital.

In 1862, S. Oakley Vanderpool, Surgeon General of New York, called upon Krackowizer to report to Fortress Monroe as a member of the Auxiliary Corps of Volunteer Surgeons. Krackowizer and other volunteer surgeons aided Union Army doctors in treating soldiers during the Civil War. During the war Krackowizer was also an Inspector of Hospitals and, in 1863, was appointed Surgeon of the Board of Enrollment for the Fifth Congressional District of the State of New York.

Ernst Krackowizer died 23 September 1875 from complications of Typhoid Fever in his summer home, Greenmont, in Ossining (Sing Sing), New York. Krackowizer and his wife Emilie had 5 children: Emil (1852-1924), Helene (1856-1939), Marie (1861-1929), Richard (1864-1926), and Adelheid (Alice) (1865-1929). His daughter Marie married the anthropologist, Franz Boas (APS 1903) on 10 March 1887.

Krackowizer's summer home, Greenmont, located on the Hudson River in Ossining (Sing Sing), N.Y. was later used as a sanatorium for patients with mental and nervous diseases. Greenmont was a set location for The Wrong Man directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1956.

Scope and content

The Ernst N. Krackowizer papers document the life and medical career of Ernst Krackowizer. This collection includes diplomas, certificates, correspondence, diaries, photographs, secondary material about Krackowizer, and various other items.

Much of the collection is dated prior to Krackowizer's immigration to the United States in 1850. A significant portion of the collection (.75 linear feet) is comprised of Krackowizer's personal correspondence to his fiancée and later wife, Emilie Forster. Most of this correspondence was written while Krackowizer was involved in the Revolution of 1848 and during his subsequent flight from Vienna. Also included in the collection are Krackowizer's personal diaries describing his time visiting Italy, his escape from Vienna and travels through Germany, and his immigration to the United States. Together, Krackowizer's correspondence and diaries provide a detailed description of the state of Austria and Germany, in the 1840s.

As with much of the collection dating prior to Krackowizer's arrival in the United States, all correspondence and diaries are in German. The original handwritten correspondence is not contained within the collection but transcribed and translated copies of each letter are included. Additionally, transcriptions and translations of each diary are included along with the original diaries.

Also, included in this collection are various personal documents that chronicle the academic and professional achievements of Krackowizer. Krackowizer's written description of his firsthand experience under the effects of chloroform, provide insight into the early use of chloroform as an aesthetic. His letter to a colleague, Dr. Herff, upon using a laryngoscope for the first time offers analysis of the tool's early use in the United States.

Documentation of Krackowizer's involvement in the Civil War as a volunteer surgeon and hospital inspector is included in this collection. Of note are Krackowizer's handwritten notebooks used while inspecting Civil War hospitals in Philadelphia. These notebooks provide details regarding the conditions of the hospitals at the time of inspection in 1863.

In addition to documents gathered by Krackowizer during his life time, this collection also contains materials written by others that reference the life, work, and genealogy of Ernst Krackowizer. These documents are arranged in Series IV alphabetically by author's last name.

A small portion of the collection (.25 linear feet) contains photographs relating to Ernst Krackowizer. Most of these images are copies of the original photographs. Subjects illustrated in these photographs included members of Ernst Krackowizer's family and his summer home, Greenmont.

Collection Information

Provenance

The Ernst N. Krackowizer Papers were donated to APS by Norman F. Boas on 19 September 2008. My Beloved Emilie!: Letters from Ernst Krackowizer to Emilie Forster 1848-1851 found in Series II. was donated to APS on 19 August 2014 by Barbara Crutchley.

Preferred citation

Cite as: Ernst N. Krackowizer Papers, American Philosophical Society.

Processing information

Processed by Leigh Clark, November 2015.

Related material

This collection contains copies of correspondence from the Ernst P. Boas Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.10).

Bibliography

Boas, Ernst P. "A Refugee Doctor of 1850." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Science 3.1 (1948): 65-94.

In Memory of Ernst Krackowizer. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1875.

Indexing Terms


Corporate Name(s)

  • Bellevue Hospital
  • Brooklyn City Hospital
  • German Hospital and Dispensary in the City of New York
  • German Society of the City of New York
  • Medical Society of the County of New York.
  • New York (State). Surgeon General's Office
  • New York Academy of Medicine
  • New York Laryngological Society
  • United States. War Department
  • Università di Pavia
  • Universität Tübingen
  • Universität Wien

Genre(s)

  • Account books.
  • Diaries.
  • Genealogies.
  • Maps.
  • Photograph albums

Geographic Name(s)

  • Austria -- Description and travel.
  • Germany -- Description and travel.
  • Greenmont (Ossining, N.Y.).
  • Italy -- Description and travel
  • United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Medical care.
  • Vienna (Austria) -- History -- Revolution, 1848

Occupation(s)

  • Surgeons -- United States.

Personal Name(s)

  • Boas, Ernst P. (Ernst Philip), 1891-1955
  • Boas, Franz, 1858-1942
  • Boas, Marie Anna Ernestina Krackowizer, 1861-1929
  • Brady, Mathew B., circa 1823-1896
  • Breit, Franz, 1817-1868
  • Bruns, Victor von, 1812-1883
  • Crutchley, Barbara Boas
  • Forster, Fanny
  • Forster, Franz
  • Jacobi, A. (Abraham), 1830-1919
  • Krackowizer, Adelheid Maria (Alice), 1865-1929
  • Krackowizer, Emil W., 1852-1924
  • Krackowizer, Emilie, 1826-1919
  • Krackowizer, Ernst, 1821-1875
  • Krackowizer, Ferdinand, 1777-1828
  • Krackowizer, Helene Maria, 1856-1939
  • Krackowizer, Richard Franz, 1864-1926
  • Krackowizer, Theresia, 1794-1866
  • Meyer, Ernst Louis Henry, 1881-1961
  • Meyer, Theodore von Lengerke (Ted), 1915-1958
  • Schuh, Franz, 1804-1865
  • Stanton, Edwin M. (Edwin McMasters), 1814-1869
  • Vanderpool, S. Oakley
  • Woerl, Joseph Edmund

Subject(s)

  • Anesthetics.
  • Chloroform.
  • Hospitals -- Inspection.
  • Hospitals -- New York (State) -- New York
  • Hospitals -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia.
  • Hospitals -- United States -- Civil War, 1861-1865.
  • Laryngoscopes.
  • Sanatoriums.

Collection overview

 Series I. Correspondence
1848-1851, 1860, 1868; 1848-1851 0.75 Linear feet

Comprised of the personal letters to and from Ernst Krackowizer. This series does not contain the original letters but transcripts and translations of the letters from German to English. Most of the correspondence is written from Krackowizer to his fiancée and future wife, Emilie Forster. The correspondence is ordered chronologically and dates from two main periods of time in Krackowizer's life.

The first and most substantial portion of correspondence dates from 1848-1851, during the couple's engagement and beginning months of marriage. These letters provide detailed descriptions of Krackowizer's involvement in the Revolution of 1848, flight from Vienna through Germany, and immigration to and settlement in the United States.

The second period of correspondence, dating from May – October of 1860, is comprised of letters from Krackowizer to his wife, Emilie, as she traveled to Austria. In these letters, Krackowizer describes aspects of his daily life at home and as a doctor in New York.

Also, included in this series are the transcription and translation of a letter, dated 17 March 1868, from an unknown sender, which describes Krackowizer's birthplace. Additionally, a bound volume of the translated letters from Krackowizer to Emilie during 1848-1851, duplications of those mentioned above, is included.

Arrangement Note: Some correspondence was rearranged from its original order to fit the overall chronological order of the series. The rearrangement consisted of placing the transcribed and translated letters from June 1849 before the letters of July 1849 (Brachmondes is translated as June not July, and Heumondes is translated as July not June). Also, the translated letter dated 1 October 1849 corresponds to the transcript of the letter dated 1 des Herbstmonates 1849 (1 September 1849). For this reason, this translated letter was reordered to fall chronologically in the September 1849 translated correspondence.

The German transcription of the translated letter dated 14 October 1849 is not included in this series.

 Series II. Diaries
1845, 1849, 1850 0.5 Linear feet

Comprised of three diaries written by Ernst Krackowizer in German, as well as transcriptions and translations of each diary.

The first of these diaries, the Italian diary, contains Krackowizer's personal experiences as he traveled in Italy during 1845. The diary includes brief descriptions of the places and people he encountered, and a daily account of his expenses. Included along with the original diary are a photocopy of the diary, a transcription in German, and a translation in English.

The next diary, the Austria to Germany diary, documents Krackowizer's travels through Germany after having to flee Austria due to his involvement in the Revolution of 1848. Included along with the original diary are a transcription in German and a translation in English.

The third diary, the 1850 diary, contains Krackowizer's descriptions of his emigration from Germany to the United States on the ship the Helene Sloman. This diary is comparatively shorter than the other two in the series and only dates from May – June of 1850. Included along with the original diary are a transcription in German and a translation in English.

 Series III. Personal
1826 - 1875 0.5 Linear feet

Comprised of diplomas, certificates, professional writings, publications, appointment notifications, statements of service, and various other materials documenting the life, education, and medical career of Ernst Krackowizer. Evidence of Krackowizer's educational achievement, from his time spent at the gymnasium at Kremsmünster Abby (Stift Kremsmünster) to his graduation from the University of Vienna (Universität Wein), can be seen in the report cards, certificates, degrees, and dissertation included in this series.

Krackowizer's involvement in the Revolution of 1848 is noted in his Arrest Warrant included in this series. Also, included are recommendations and statements of service that Krackowizer received from the doctors he assisted, including Franz Schuh, Victor von Bruns, and Franz Breit, as he move through Germany and finally to the United States. A German map of the United States (Die Vereinigten Staaten Von Nord-America) is contained in the collection, which Krackowizer used when planning his emigration.

Krackowizer's involvement in the medical community of New York is documented through a number of membership certificates to organizations like the Medical Society of the County of New York. Also, contained in this series is evidence of Krackowizer's involvement in Civil War as a volunteer surgeon and hospital inspector, including appointment letters, and notebooks used when inspecting hospitals.

Most of the documents dating prior to Krackowizer's immigration to the United States are in German and are not translated.

 Series IV. Biographical
1852 - 1985 0.5 Linear feet

Comprised of materials written by others about the life or medical work of Ernst Krackowizer. Besides materials providing general biographical sketches of Krackowizer's life, other subjects related to Krackowizer's life noted in this series include his experimentation with the laryngoscope, his work in founding the German Dispensary, and his connection with various New York hospitals. Also, material related to his summer home, Greenmont, and its later use as a sanitarium is included. Items in this series are arranged alphabetical by the authors' last name.

 Series V. Photographs
1833 - 1956; 1833-1890 0.25 Linear feet

Comprised predominantly of copies of original photographs of Ernst Krackowizer and his family, as well as a number of images of his summer home, Greenmont. Also included in this series is a photo album created by Krackowier's daughter, Alice. This album contains original photographs of Greenmont, accompanied by quotations from various authors and poets.

 Series VI. Oversized
1832 - 1847 0.25 Linear feet

This series contains documents too large to be included in the box containing Series III. Items were removed from their chronologic order in Series III. and are ordered chronologically within this series.



Detailed Inventory

 Series I. Correspondence
1848-1851, 1860, 1868; 1848-1851 0.75 Linear feet

Comprised of the personal letters to and from Ernst Krackowizer. This series does not contain the original letters but transcripts and translations of the letters from German to English. Most of the correspondence is written from Krackowizer to his fiancée and future wife, Emilie Forster. The correspondence is ordered chronologically and dates from two main periods of time in Krackowizer's life.

The first and most substantial portion of correspondence dates from 1848-1851, during the couple's engagement and beginning months of marriage. These letters provide detailed descriptions of Krackowizer's involvement in the Revolution of 1848, flight from Vienna through Germany, and immigration to and settlement in the United States.

The second period of correspondence, dating from May – October of 1860, is comprised of letters from Krackowizer to his wife, Emilie, as she traveled to Austria. In these letters, Krackowizer describes aspects of his daily life at home and as a doctor in New York.

Also, included in this series are the transcription and translation of a letter, dated 17 March 1868, from an unknown sender, which describes Krackowizer's birthplace. Additionally, a bound volume of the translated letters from Krackowizer to Emilie during 1848-1851, duplications of those mentioned above, is included.

Arrangement Note: Some correspondence was rearranged from its original order to fit the overall chronological order of the series. The rearrangement consisted of placing the transcribed and translated letters from June 1849 before the letters of July 1849 (Brachmondes is translated as June not July, and Heumondes is translated as July not June). Also, the translated letter dated 1 October 1849 corresponds to the transcript of the letter dated 1 des Herbstmonates 1849 (1 September 1849). For this reason, this translated letter was reordered to fall chronologically in the September 1849 translated correspondence.

The German transcription of the translated letter dated 14 October 1849 is not included in this series.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters in German - Transcribed
1848 February - 1848 December 1 folder Box 1:
folder 1

Transcribed by Franz Boas.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters in German - Transcribed
1849 January - 1849 August 1 folder Box 1:
folder 2

Transcribed by Franz Boas.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters in German - Transcribed
1849 September - 1849 December 1 folder Box 1:
folder 3

Transcribed by Franz Boas.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters in German - Transcribed
1850 January - 1850 June 1 folder Box 1:
folder 4

Transcribed by Franz Boas.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters in German - Transcribed
1850 August - 1851 August 1 folder Box 1:
folder 5

Transcribed by Franz Boas.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters in German - Transcribed
1860 May - 1860 October 1 folder Box 1:
folder 6

Transcribed by Franz Boas.

 Unidentified. Letter to Children - Transcribed
1868 March 17 1 folder Box 1:
folder 7
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters - Translated
1848 February - 1848 December 1 folder Box 1:
folder 8

Translated by Barbara Boas Crutchley.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters - Translated
1849 January - 1849 August 1 folder Box 1:
folder 9

Translated by Barbara Boas Crutchley.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters - Translated
1849 September - 1849 December 1 folder Box 1:
folder 10

The translated letter marked 1 October 1849 corresponds to the transcript of the letter dated 1 des Herbstmonates 1849 (1 September 1849).

Translated by Barbara Boas Crutchley.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters - Translated
1850 January - 1850 June 1 folder Box 1:
folder 11

Translated by Barbara Boas Crutchley.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters - Translated
1850 August - 1851 August 1 folder Box 2:
folder 12

Translated by Barbara Boas Crutchley.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letters - Translated
1860 May - 1860 October 1 folder Box 2:
folder 1

Translated by Barbara Boas Crutchley.

 Unidentified. Letter to Children - Translated
1868 March 17 1 folder Box 2:
folder 2
 Krackowizer, Ernst. My beloved Emilie!: Letters from Ernst Krackowizer to Emilie Forster.
1848 February - 1851 August 1 volume(s) Box 2:
volume 1

Translated by Barbara Boas Crutchley.

 Series II. Diaries
1845, 1849, 1850 0.5 Linear feet

Comprised of three diaries written by Ernst Krackowizer in German, as well as transcriptions and translations of each diary.

The first of these diaries, the Italian diary, contains Krackowizer's personal experiences as he traveled in Italy during 1845. The diary includes brief descriptions of the places and people he encountered, and a daily account of his expenses. Included along with the original diary are a photocopy of the diary, a transcription in German, and a translation in English.

The next diary, the Austria to Germany diary, documents Krackowizer's travels through Germany after having to flee Austria due to his involvement in the Revolution of 1848. Included along with the original diary are a transcription in German and a translation in English.

The third diary, the 1850 diary, contains Krackowizer's descriptions of his emigration from Germany to the United States on the ship the Helene Sloman. This diary is comparatively shorter than the other two in the series and only dates from May – June of 1850. Included along with the original diary are a transcription in German and a translation in English.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Italian Diary - Transcribed, Part I
1845 July - 1845 August 1 folder Box 3:
folder 1

Transcribed by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Italian Diary - Translated, Part I
1845 July - 1845 August 1 folder Box 3:
folder 2

Translated by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Italian Diary - Transcribed, Part II
1845 August - 1845 September 1 folder Box 3:
folder 3

Transcribed by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Italian Diary - Translated, Part II
1845 August - 1845 September 1 folder Box 3:
folder 4

Translated by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Italian Diary - Photocopy
1845 July - 1845 September 1 folder Box 3:
folder 5
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Austria to Germany Diary - Transcribed, Part I
1849 August 1 folder Box 3:
folder 6

Transcribed by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Austria to Germany Diary - Translated, Part I
1849 August 1 folder Box 3:
folder 7

Translated by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Austria to Germany Diary - Transcribed, Part II
1849 August - 1849 September 1 folder Box 3:
folder 8

Transcribed by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Austria to Germany Diary - Translated, Part II
1849 August - 1849 September 1 folder Box 3:
folder 9

Translated by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Austria to Germany Diary - Transcribed, Part III
1849 September 1 folder Box 3:
folder 10

Transcribed by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Austria to Germany Diary - Translated, Part III
1849 September 1 folder Box 3:
folder 11

Translated by Thomas Huber.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. 1850 Diary - Transcribed
1850 May - 1850 June 1 folder Box 3:
folder 12
 Krackowizer, Ernst. 1850 Diary - Translated
1850 May - 1850 June 1 folder Box 3:
folder 13
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Italian Diary
1845 July - 1845 September 1 volume(s) Box 3:
folder 14
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Austria to Germany Diary
1849 August - 1849 September 1 volume(s) Box 3:
folder 15
 Krackowizer, Ernst. 1850 Diary
1850 May - 1850 June 1 volume(s) Box 3:
folder 16
 Series III. Personal
1826 - 1875 0.5 Linear feet

Comprised of diplomas, certificates, professional writings, publications, appointment notifications, statements of service, and various other materials documenting the life, education, and medical career of Ernst Krackowizer. Evidence of Krackowizer's educational achievement, from his time spent at the gymnasium at Kremsmünster Abby (Stift Kremsmünster) to his graduation from the University of Vienna (Universität Wein), can be seen in the report cards, certificates, degrees, and dissertation included in this series.

Krackowizer's involvement in the Revolution of 1848 is noted in his Arrest Warrant included in this series. Also, included are recommendations and statements of service that Krackowizer received from the doctors he assisted, including Franz Schuh, Victor von Bruns, and Franz Breit, as he move through Germany and finally to the United States. A German map of the United States (Die Vereinigten Staaten Von Nord-America) is contained in the collection, which Krackowizer used when planning his emigration.

Krackowizer's involvement in the medical community of New York is documented through a number of membership certificates to organizations like the Medical Society of the County of New York. Also, contained in this series is evidence of Krackowizer's involvement in Civil War as a volunteer surgeon and hospital inspector, including appointment letters, and notebooks used when inspecting hospitals.

Most of the documents dating prior to Krackowizer's immigration to the United States are in German and are not translated.

 Unidentified. Autograph Document Signed.
1826 1 folder Box 4:
folder 1
 Stift Kremsmünster. Reports Cards - Ernst Krackowizer.
1828 October - 1831 April 1 folder Box 4:
folder 2
 Unidentified. Austritts-Zeugnis aus den Philosophischen Studien - Ernst Krackowizer.
1839 August 3 1 folder Box 4:
folder 3
 Universität Wien. Philosophical Studies Certificate - Ernst Krackowizer
1840 July 2 1 folder Box 4:
folder 4
 Unidentified. Summary of Academic Career - Ernst Krackowizer.
1826-1844 1 folder Box 4:
folder 5
 Universität Wien. Latin Degree - Ernst Krackowizer.
1845 July 24 1 folder Box 4:
folder 6
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Abhandlung über die Wechselwirkung der Verrichtugen des Thierorganismus.
1845 1 folder Box 4:
folder 7
 Schuh, Franz. Autograph Document Signed.
1846 May 3 1 folder Box 4:
folder 8
 Nagl, Franz. Herbstblümchen.
1846 September 29 1 folder Box 4:
folder 9
 Universität Wien. Medical Degree - Ernst Krackowizer.
1846 1 folder Box 4:
folder 10
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Account Book.
1847, 1850-1851; 1850-1851 1 folder Box 4:
folder 11
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Uber die Anwendung des Chloroform als scherzstillendes Mittel - Transcribed.
1847 December 4 1 folder Box 4:
folder 12

The original manuscript corresponding to this item is located in Series VI.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Uber die Anwendung des Chloroform als scherzstillendes Mittel - Translated.
1847 December 4 1 folder Box 4:
folder 13

The original manuscript corresponding to this item is located in Series VI.

 Unidentified. Certificate issued to Ernst Krackowizer.
1848 July 12 1 folder Box 4:
folder 14
 Wien Stadthauptmannschaft. Passirschein zur Fahrt nach Wels - Ernst Krackowizer.
1848 November 22 1 folder Box 4:
folder 15
 Woerl, J. E. Die Vereinigten Staaten Von Nord-America.
1848 1 map Box 4:
folder 16
 Schuh, Franz. Recommendation of Ernst Krackowizer.
1849 April 15 1 folder Box 4:
folder 17
 Schuh, Franz. Recommendation of Ernst Krackowizer.
1849 April 15 1 folder Box 4:
folder 18
 Breit, Franz. Letter to Ernst Krackowizer.
1849 May 19 1 folder Box 4:
folder 19
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Resume Draft.
1849 May 20 1 folder Box 4:
folder 20
 Unidentified. Unidentified Document in German.
1849 June 1 1 folder Box 4:
folder 21
 Wien Stadthauptmannschaft. Arrest Warrent - Ernst Krackowizer.
1849 July 30 1 folder Box 4:
folder 22
 Breit, Franz. Pass to Tübingen.
1849 August 4 1 folder Box 4:
folder 23
 Bruns, Victor von. Certificate issued to Ernst Krackowizer -Tübingen.
1849 August 4 1 folder Box 4:
folder 24
 Unidentified. Certificate issued to Ernst Krackowizer -Tübingen.
1849 August 17 1 folder Box 4:
folder 25
 Bruns, Victor von. Statement of Service in Tübingen.
1850 March 22 1 folder Box 4:
folder 26
 Herzka, J., E. Krackowizer, and W. Roth. New Yorker Medicinische Monatsschrift.
1852 May 1 folder Box 4:
folder 27
 Deutshen Gesellschaft in dem Staat von New York. Membership Certificate - Ernst Krackowizer.
1852 May 26 1 folder Box 4:
folder 28
 New York (State). Court of Common Pleas (City and County of New York). Naturalization Papers - Ernst Krackowizer
1855 October 11 1 folder Box 4:
folder 29
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Letter to Dr. Herff.
1858 December 24 1 folder Box 4:
folder 30

A translation of this letter can be found in "First Use of the Laryngoscope in the United States" by Ernst P. Boas located in Series IV.

 New York (State). Court of Common Pleas (City and County of New York). Naturalization Papers - Emilie Krackowizer.
1860 March 16 1 folder Box 4:
folder 31
 New York (State). Surgeon General's Office. Orders to Report to Fortress Monroe.
1862 May 3 1 folder Box 4:
folder 32
 Vanderpool, S. Oakley. Letter to Ernst Krackowizer.
1862 May 9 1 folder Box 4:
folder 33
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Civil War Hospital Inspection Notebooks.
1863 January 2 volume(s) Box 4:
folder 34
 Levis, R. J. Letter to Ernst Krackowizer.
1863 February 2 1 folder Box 4:
folder 35
 United States. War Department. Letter of Appointment to Ernst Krackowizer.
1863 April 17 1 folder Box 4:
folder 36
 Medical Society of the City and County of New York. Member Certificate - Ernst Krackowizer.
1868 December 1 folder Box 4:
folder 37
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Unidentified Document in German and Latin.
1871 1 folder Box 4:
folder 38
 Druck von Johann Haas. Ernst Krackowizer Obituary.
1875 October 1 folder Box 4:
folder 39
 Krackowizer, Ernst. Unidentified Medical Document in English.
Undated 1 folder Box 4:
folder 40
 Series IV. Biographical
1852 - 1985 0.5 Linear feet

Comprised of materials written by others about the life or medical work of Ernst Krackowizer. Besides materials providing general biographical sketches of Krackowizer's life, other subjects related to Krackowizer's life noted in this series include his experimentation with the laryngoscope, his work in founding the German Dispensary, and his connection with various New York hospitals. Also, material related to his summer home, Greenmont, and its later use as a sanitarium is included. Items in this series are arranged alphabetical by the authors' last name.

 Boas, Ernst P. Dr. Ernst Krackowizer and Bellevue Hospital: A Enigma of Local Medical History.
1951 Spring 1 folder Box 5:
folder 1

Boas, Ernst P. "Dr. Ernst Krackowizer and Bellevue Hospital: A Enigma of Local Medical History." The Academy Bookman 4.2 (1951): 3-10. Print.

 Boas, Ernst P. First Use of the Laryngoscope in the United States.
1950 Autumn 1 folder Box 5:
folder 2

The original letter referenced in this article from Ernst Krackowizer to Dr. Herff is located in Series III.

Boas, Ernst P. "First Use of the Laryngoscope in the United States." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Science 4.Autumn (1950): 452-454. Print.

 Boas, Ernst P. A Refugee Doctor of 1850.
1948 Winter 1 folder Box 5:
folder 3

Boas, Ernst P. "A Refugee Doctor of 1850." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Science 3.1 (1948): 65-94. Print.

 Boas, Norman F. Krackowizer Genealogy.
1985 1 folder Box 5:
folder 4
 German Hospital and Dispensary in the City of New York. Vierzig Jahre des Deutschen Hospitals und Dispensary in der Stadt New York
1909 1 volume(s) Box 5:
folder 5

German Hospital and Dispensary in the City of New York. Vierzig Jahre des Deutschen Hospitals und Dispensary in der Stadt New York. Eine geschichtliche Darstellung. New York: n.p., 1909. Print.

 Glas, Emil. Pitfalls and Accidents encountered in Rhinolaryngological Practice.
1947 February 1 folder Box 5:
folder 6

Reprinted from Medical Times, February, 1948.

 Jacobi, Abraham. Biographical Sketch of Ernst Krackowizer, M.D.
1875 1 folder Box 5:
folder 7
 Jacobi, Abraham. The Most Eminent American Physician of European Birth.
1905 May 6 1 folder Box 5:
folder 8

Jacobi, A. "The Most Eminent American Physician of European Birth." American Medicine 9.18 Issue (1905): 740-743. Print.

 Jacobi, Abraham. Das Deutsche Dispensary und Hospital in der Stadt New York.
1882 May 27 1 folder Box 5:
folder 9
 Krackowizer, Ferdinand. Naturgeschichte des Österreichischen Studenten.
Circa 1890 1 volume(s) Box 5:
folder 10
 Medical Times and Long Island Medical Journal. Editorial Research Department. Notes on Ernst Krackowizer, Surgeon to the Brooklyn City Hospital.
1935 May 1 folder Box 5:
folder 11

Reprinted from the Medical Times and Long Island Medical Journal, New York, May, 1935.

 New York Academy of Medicine. Library. Author Catalog for Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 folder Box 5:
folder 12
 Parsons, Ralph Lyman. Greenmont: A Private Sanitarium for Mental and Nervous Diseases.
1902 1 folder Box 5:
folder 13

Separated material: Pansy Watercolor by Lousie Schilling was removed from the inside of this item and placed in its own folder within the Series IV for preservation purposes.

 Schilling, Louise. Pansy Watercolor.
1847 1 folder Box 5:
folder 14

Separated material: Removed from the inside of Greenmont: A Private Sanitarium for Mental and Nervous Diseases by Ralph Lyman Parsons and placed in its own folder for preservation purposes.

 Stothers, Hilton H. History of the New York Laryngological Society 1873-1973.
1974 1 folder Box 5:
folder 15

Stothers, H. H. "History of the New York Laryngological Society 1873-1973." The Academy Bookman 27.1 (1974), 3-12. Print.

 Various. Ernst P. Boas Correspondence Referencing Ernst Krackowizer.
October 1948 - September 1951 1 folder Box 5:
folder 16
 Cohen, Alfred E. Letter to Ernst P. Boas.
1948 October 20 1 page(s) Box 5:
folder 16
 Jacobson, Arthur C. Letter to Ernst P. Boas.
1949 March 25 1 page(s) Box 5:
folder 16
 Boas, Ernst P. Letter to Arthur C. Jacobson.
1949 March 30 1 page(s) Box 5:
folder 16
 Boas, Ernst P. Letter to William S. Jacobs.
1950 December 8 1 page(s) Box 5:
folder 16
 Boas, Ernst P. Letter to William S. Jacobs.
1951 February 1 1 page(s) Box 5:
folder 16
 Boas, Ernst P. Letter to William F. Jacobs.
1951 September 14 1 page(s) Box 5:
folder 16
 Unidentified. Crew of 70 Shoots Film at Ossining Sanitarium.
1956 1 folder Box 5:
folder 17
 Unidentified. Dr. Ernst Krackowizer (Biographische Skizze).
1898 1 folder Box 5:
folder 18
 Unidentified. Dr. med. Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 folder Box 5:
folder 19
 Unidentified. In Memory of Ernst Krackowizer.
1875 2 volume(s) Box 5:
folder 20
 Series V. Photographs
1833 - 1956; 1833-1890 0.25 Linear feet

Comprised predominantly of copies of original photographs of Ernst Krackowizer and his family, as well as a number of images of his summer home, Greenmont. Also included in this series is a photo album created by Krackowier's daughter, Alice. This album contains original photographs of Greenmont, accompanied by quotations from various authors and poets.

 Funke, R. D. Portrait of Ernst Krackowizer.
1833 1 folder Box 6:
folder 1
 Unidentified. Portrait of Ernst Krackowizer.
1840s 1 folder Box 6:
folder 2
 Various. Krackowizer Photographs.
1830-1956; 1830-1890 27 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Brady, Mathew B. Fanny Forster, sister of Emilie Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Brady, Mathew B. Franz Forster, father of Emilie Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Wilhelm Photography. Marie Krackowizer Boas, married to Franz Boas.
1884 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Memorial Service for Ernst Krackowizer Held at Steinway Hall.
1864 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3

Image copied from: Steinway, Theodore E. People and Pianos: A Pictorial History of Steinway & Sons, Pompton Plains, N.J.: Amadeus Press, 2005. Print.

 Unidentified. Helene Sloman, Packet Ship.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3

Image copied from: Steinway, Theodore E. People and Pianos: A Pictorial History of Steinway & Sons, Pompton Plains, N.J.: Amadeus Press, 2005. Print.

 Unidentified. Krackowizer Family: left to right Marie, Emil, Alice, Helene, Richard.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Emilie Krackowizer and Ted Meyer, son of Ernst Meyer, and great-grandson of Ernst Krackowizer.
Circa 1917 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Alice, Helene, Richard, and Marie Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. Ernst Krackowizer.
1893 February 6 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Emilie Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Brady, Mathew B. Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Tomlinson, Charles. Richard Krackowizer, son of Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Theresa Krackowizer, mother of Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Brandseph, F. Alice Krackowizer, daughter of Ernst Krackowizer.
1882 Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Ferdinand Stefan Krackowizer, father of Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Brady, Mathew B. Emilie Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Church in Spital am Pyhrn.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Ernst Krackowizer as a Student.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Theresa Krackowizer, mother of Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. The Wrong Man, Filmed in the Former Krackowizer Home in Ossining.
1956 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. The Wrong Man, Henry Fonda and Vera Miles in Former Krackowizer Home, in the Front Hall.
1956 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. The Wrong Man, Front door of former Krackowizer home, upstairs room.
1956 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Ernst Krackowizer's First Home and Office in U.S.A., 105 S. 4th St. Williamsburgh, N.Y.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Ernst Krackowizer's First Home and Office in U.S.A., 105 S. 4th St. Williamsburgh, N.Y
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Spital am Pyhrn, Alps, Birthplace of Ernst Krackowizer.
Undated 1 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 3
 Unidentified. Greenmont Property Scenes.
Undated 6 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 4
 Unidentified. Greenmont, Ernst Krackowizer's Summer Estate.
1870s 5 photograph(s) Box 6:
folder 5
 Unidentified. Ernst Krackowizer Summer Home - Ossining, NY.
Undated 1 folder Box 6:
folder 6
 Krackowizer, Alice. Greenmont Photo Album.
Undated 1 volume(s) Box 6:
folder 7
 Series VI. Oversized
1832 - 1847 0.25 Linear feet

This series contains documents too large to be included in the box containing Series III. Items were removed from their chronologic order in Series III. and are ordered chronologically within this series.

 Unidentified. Gymnasium Diplomas - Ernst Krackowizer.
1832 February - 1837 August 1 folder os 1:
folder 1

Separated material: Removed from Series III - Personal.

 Various. University Certificates - Ernst Krackowizer.
1840-1845 1 folder os 1:
folder 2

Separated material: Removed from Series III - Personal.

 Krackowizer, Ernst. Uber die Anwendung des Choloform's als schmerzstillendes Mittel.
1847 December 4 1 folder os 1:
folder 3

Separated material: Removed from Series III - Personal. A transcription and an English translation of this item are located in Series III.