Franz Boas Personal and Professional Papers

Mss.B.B61p

Date: ca. 1830s-1940s | Size: 19.25 Linear feet

Abstract

The Franz Boas Personal and Professional Papers contain a diverse assemblage of professional correspondence, family letters, and diaries, with a valuable series of essays and lectures by Boas on both professional and political topics (democracy, race, etc.). (NOTE: This collection is not to be confused with the much larger Franz Boas Papers collection (Mss.B.B61), which contains the vast majority of Boas's professional correspondence and was referred to as the "Professional Papers" in earlier decades.) During the half century leading up to the Second World War, Franz Boas helped to define academic anthropology in the United States. Trained as a geographer at the University of Heidelberg, Boas worked initially on the Inuit of Baffin Island and subsequently on the cultures of the Indians of the Northwest Pacific Coast, becoming a leading figure in American anthropology by the first decade of the twentieth century. As Professor of Anthropology at Columbia University, Boas made significant theoretical contributions to ethnology, linguistics, and physical anthropology, helping to ingrain the four fields approach in his discipline and introducing the concept of cultural relativism into wide currency. He was, as well, a committed Socialist and an ardent opponent of both racism and fascism.

Background note

Born in Minden, Germany, on July 8, 1858, the anthropologist Franz Boas was the son of the merchant Meier Boas and his wife, Sophie Meyer. Raised in the radical and tradition of German Judaism, Franz's youth was steeped in politically liberal beliefs and a largely secular outlook that he carried with him from university through his emigration to the United States.

At the universities of Heidelberg and Bonn, Boas studied physics and geography before completing a doctorate in physical geography at Kiel in 1881. Intending on testing then-current theories of environmental determinism, he signed on to an anthropological expedition to Baffin Island in 1883-1884, expecting that he would document the close adaptative fit of Central Eskimo cultures to their extreme climate. His experiences in the arctic, however, led him to the contrary conclusion: that social traditions, not environmental, exerted a dominant influence over human societies, and from this point onward, he was led to pursue the cultural over than physical dimensions of humanity.

Although he returned to Berlin after the expedition, Boas emigrated to the United States in 1885 to assume an editorial position with the journal Science, hoping to use it as a stepping-stone to an academic appointment. In 1886, he embarked upon a second major field excursion into what would become his most famous ethnographic project, working among the Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw) Indians of the Northwest Coast, after which he secured his first academic position in 1889, at Clark University in Worcester, Mass. After three years at Clark and a failed appointment at the Field Museum in Chicago in 1892 (during which he played a part in organizing the anthropological exhibits for the Columbian World's Fair), Boas moved to New York City.

The restless activity of Boas's early years slowed in New York. Hired by the American Museum of Natural History (1895-1905), which became the recipient of the amazingly rich anthropological collections he accumulated on the Northwest Coast, Boas began to teach classes at Columbia University in 1896, where three years later he was appointed Professor of Anthropology. For the next 37 years, Boas ruled the anthropological roost at Columbia, accruing unprecedented power in his discipline, wielding grants, recommendations, and appointments with remarkable dexterity, and collecting about him a remarkable group of younger scholars as students and colleagues.

Distancing himself from some of the main currents of contemporary anthropological thought in the United States, and particularly from the evolutionist assumptions that riddled the discipline, Boas championed an anthropology that viewed human cultures as shaped more by historical "tradition" than biological propensity. Claiming to resist any overarching, synthetic theories of human relations, and particularly evolutionary theories of sociocultural development, Boas laid the theoretical groundwork for what became modern cultural relativism. In the process, he helped to clarify the demarcation between the concepts of culture and race and its expression in the divergence of the four fields in anthropology -- linguistics, ethnography, physical anthropology, and archaeology.

Boas's relatively few forays into physical anthropology included a pioneering anthropometric study in 1910-1911, demonstrating that the alleged mental and physical inferiority of immigrants disappeared statistically by the second generation. Opposed to immigration quotas and disdainful of the claims to science used to justify them, Boas was a consistent, strident opponent of racial determinism in intellect or behavior. A committed, politically active Socialist, he was frequently an outspoken critic of American policy. During the First World War, he spoke out against the treatment of German Americans and "enemy aliens" -- to the point of putting himself at risk -- and the rise of the Nazi party in Germany proved an even greater crusade. Despite his age, Boas took an active role in the anti-fascist struggle in the United States and was involved with numerous committees to assist refugee scholars. He was equally ardent in his efforts to criticize racial and ethnic bigotry in the United States.

As a mentor, Boas had a reputation of being directive, at times overbearing, and at the same time of doing too little to prepare his students for the rigors of fieldwork. The extraordinary number of students coming out of Columbia under his care, however, has arguably done as much to extend the Boasian approach than Boas's own writing. Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Elsie Clews Parsons, Alfred Kroeber, Frank Speck, Edward Sapir, Zora Neale Hurston, Ella Deloria, Melville Herskovits, Leslie Spier, Paul Radin, and Ashley Montagu are all students of Boas. Many continued in the same intellectual stream, some diverged, yet all bore traces of Boas's influence. He left a mark as well on the institutions of the discipline, as one of the founders of the American Anthropological Association and of the International Journal of American Linguistics.

Scope and content

The Franz Boas Personal and Professional Papers contain a diverse assemblage of professional correspondence, family letters, and diaries, with a valuable series of essays and lectures by Boas on both professional and political topics (democracy, race, etc.). Of particular note are his Clark University lectures of 1898 and extensive data from his 1883-1884 expedition to Baffin Island to study cultural adaptation among the Inuit. The collection includes a diary, maps, photographs (a few here, supplemented by others in the main Boas Photograph collection), a sketchbook and sketches. It also includes valuable material on Boas's research on the Kwakiutl, including ethnographic texts, linguistic data, and extensive correspondence with George Hunt. Boas's work with the American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom (1940-1942) is well documented in the collection, as are his interests in the American Council of Learned Societies and its Committee on Native American Languages, Columbia University, and U.S. v. Tatos Cartozian, an interesting Armenian naturalization case of 1924-1925.

The 4.5 linear feet of correspondence from Boas in the collection is comprised primarily of letters to his family from the 1860s until his death in 1942, along with diaries for 1886, 1888, 1889. There are, as well, related Boas family letters and documents, extensive correspondence with Ernst Boas, 1898-1937 (including reminiscences of his father), and an 1880 diary kept by Boas' wife, Marie.

Collection Information

Physical description

19.25 lin. feet

Provenance

Majority gift of Helene Boas Yampolsky, 1961-1962, and Cecil Yampolsky, 1964. Additions from Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accessions 1998-507ms and 1998-1094ms) and unidentified.

Preferred citation

Cite as: Franz Boas Personal and Professional Papers, American Philosophical Society.

Processing information

Inventory compiled by Selma Rabinowitz, Library Receptionist and Volunteer, November 1994. Rearranged into series with some revised titles and new accessions by Brian Carpenter and Paul Sutherland, Center for Native American and Indigenous Research, 2022.

Alternate formats available

Some diaries and notebooks have been microfilmed (film 1445).

Related material

The American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, Franz Boas Collection of Materials for American Linguistics ( Mss 497.3.B63c ) is a large collection of primary materials on Native American languages assembled, in part, under Boas's supervision, and including a large quantity of material written by Boas himself.

Boas appears as a correspondent in numerous APS collections, and in addition to its rich collections for the history of anthropology, the library houses the papers of several of Boas's former students and proteges, including Frank Speck ( Mss. Ms. Coll. 126 ), Elsie Clews Parsons ( Mss. Ms. Coll. 29 ), John Alden Mason ( Mss. B M384 ), Paul Radin ( Mss. 497.3 R114 ), and Ashley Montagu ( Mss. Ms. Coll. 109 ).

The APS also houses a microfilm (372.3, reel 1) of original materials in the Office of Anthropology Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., relating to Boas's trips to Baffin Island (N.W.T.) and British Columbia, during which he studied and collected cultural materials, 1885-1909.

The papers of Boas's son Ernst Boas ( Mss. Ms. Coll. 10 ) are housed at the APS. A physician, Ernst Boas shared his father's liberal political outlook and activist social views.

Other Franz Boas Collections
Franz Boas Papers, 1862-1942 (Mss B B61) View Collection
Boas Family Papers, 1862-1942 (Mss B B61f) View Collection
Boas-Rukeyser Collection, 1869-1940 (Mss B B61ru) View Collection
Franz Boas field notebooks and anthropometric data, ca. 1883-1912 (Mss B B61.5) View Collection

Bibliography

Rohner, Ronald P., ed., The Ethnography of Franz Boas: Letters and Diaries of Franz Boas, Written on the Northwest Coast from 1886 to 1931 (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago, 1969). Call no.: B B61e.r

Stocking, George, ed., The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883-1911: A Franz Boas Reader (N.Y.: Basic Books, 1974). Call no.: 572.081 B63s

Cole, Douglas, Franz Boas: The Early Years, 1859-1906 (Seattle: Univ. of Washington, 1999).

Boas, Franz, The Mind of Primitive Man (N.Y.: MacMillan, 1911). Call no.: 572 B63m

Boas, Franz, Ethnology of the Kwakiutl (Washington, D.C.:Government Printing Office, 1921). Call no.: 572.97 B63e

Boas, Franz, Primitive Art (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1927). Call no.: 571.7 B63p

Boas, Franz, ed., General Anthropology (Boston: D.C. Heath, 1938). Call no.: 572 B63g.r

Boas, Franz, Race, Language and Culture (N.Y.: MacMillan, 1940). Call no.: 572.081 B63r

Indexing Terms


Corporate Name(s)

  • American Committee for Democracy and Intellectual Freedom
  • American Council of Learned Societies. Committee on Native American Languages

Genre(s)

  • Diaries.
  • Lectures
  • Photographs
  • Sketches.

Geographic Name(s)

  • Arctic regions -- Discovery and exploration
  • Baffin Island (N.W.T.)

Occupation(s)

  • Anthropologists -- United States.

Personal Name(s)

  • Boas, Ernst P. (Ernst Philip), 1891-1955
  • Boas, Franz, 1858-1942
  • Boas, Marie Anna Ernestina Krackowizer, 1861-1929
  • Cartozian, Tatos
  • Cattell, James McKeen, 1860-1944
  • Deloria, Ella Cara, 1889-1971
  • Efron, David
  • Fortune, Reo, 1903-1979
  • Hunt, George
  • Lowie, Robert Harry, 1883-1957
  • Reichard, Gladys Amanda, 1893-1955
  • Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939
  • Weike, Wilhelm, 1859-1917

Subject(s)

  • Anthropology -- Research -- United States
  • Anthropology -- United States.
  • Eskimos -- Baffin Island (N.W.T.)
  • Ethnology -- North America
  • Indians of North America -- Ethnology
  • Indians of North America -- Languages
  • Indians of North America -- Northwest Coast
  • Inuit
  • Jewish scientists
  • Kwakiutl Indians
  • Kwakiutl language
  • Kwakwaka'wakw
  • Languages
  • Nootka Indians
  • Nuu-chah-nulth
  • Refugees, Political
  • Scientific expeditions -- Arctic regions.
  • Scientists, Refugee
  • Socialists -- United States
  • Tlingit Indians

Collection overview

  Box 1-3
  Box 3-20

Comprises family correspondence, Boas family genealogy, possessions of Boas's family members, and biographic materials about Boas (including bibliographies, obituaries and awards).

  Box 20-24
  Box 25-29
  Box 29-33

This is a mixed series that contains, in addition to titled works by others: committees and societies (some headed by Boas), university and journal administration, legal files, and printed materials. There may be overlap with Series III and Series IV.

  Box 33
  Box OS
  Box 33-38

Materials produced by Helene Boas Yampolsky in 1960 documenting the cataloguing of Franz Boas's materials at the APS. Some sections of the indexes may relate additionally to other Boas collections (Mss.B.B61, Mss.B.B61.5, Mss.B.B61f, Mss.B.B61ru). Transcripts by Yampolsky can be found throughout this and other Boas collections. Cataloguing described here by Yampolsky is historical and may not reflect recent changes to the Boas collections, but is kept for historical reference purposes.

  Fragile. Box 39-40

Collected newspaper clippings mentioning, about, or authored by Boas. Occasionally also includes magazines and ephemera.



Detailed Inventory

 Series I. Professional correspondence
  Box 1-3
 Aall, A.
  Box 1
 Adamson, Thelma
  Box 1
 Adler, Cyrus
  Box 1

President, Jewish Theological Seminary of America

 Adler, Herman M.
  Box 1
 American Association for the Advancement of Science
  Box 1
 American Folklore Society
1908 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 American League of the Brotherhood of Man
  Box 1
 Andrews, H. A.
1904 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

 Angulo, Jaime de
  Box 1
 The Anti-Saloon League of America
1929 Box 1

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

  Atlantic Monthly
[1917-18]1 p. (inc.)Box 1

German-American press

 Bailey, L. H.
  Box 1
 Barnard College
  Box 1
 Barnes, Earl
  Box 1
 Barrows, Albert L.
  Box 1

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Bastian, Adolph
  Box 1
 Bendam, Effie
  Box 1
 Birket-Smith, Kaj
  Box 1
 Blake, W. W.
1915 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Bogoras, Waldemar G.
1913, 1922, n.d. Box 1

Provenance: Postcard 1913-11-20: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

 Bohme, Traugott
  Box 1
 Bonhage, Dr. [M.?]
  Box 1

Outgoing by Boas, apparently unsent.

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Borsari, F.
1889 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Bowditch, Dr. H. P.
  Box 1
 Breton, Adele C.
  Box 1
 Bunzel, Ruth
  Box 1
 Butler, Nicholas M.
  Box 1
 Capitan, J.
n.d. Box 1
 Carney, Patrick J.
1914 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Cattell, James McKeen
  Box 1
 Chamberlain, Alexander F.
  Box 1
 Chavez, Ezequiel A.
  Box 1
 Cohen, Morris R.
  Box 1
 Collier, John
  Box 1
 Comer, George
  Box 1
 Cranmer, Dan
  Box 1
 Cranmer, Dan: To Helene Boas Yampolsky. 1943-01-09
1943-01-09 Box 1
 Crolly, Charles Stewart
  Box 1
 Culleton, L.
1903 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Czekanowski, Jan
  Box 1
 Davalos, Dalbino
  Box 1
 Deloria, Ella
  Box 1
 Dewey, John
  Box 1
 Diercks, Gustav
  Box 1
 Dihigo, Juan M.
1915 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Dillon, Mrs. Hortense
  Box 1
 Dionne, N. E.
1905 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Dixon, Roland B.
  Box 1
 Donaldson, Henry H.
  Box 1
 Dorsey, George A.
  Box 1
 Dunn, J. P.
  Box 1
 Efron, David
  Box 1
 Ehrmann, H. A.
1914 Box 1

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Ellis, Grace Kirtland
  Box 1
 Engerrand, Jorge C.
  Box 1
 Ernst, A. Henson
  Box 1
 Fahns, H.
  Box 1
 Fansler, D. S.
  Box 1
 Farrand, Livingston?
  Box 1
 Ferrero-Sallitto Defense Committee
  Box 1
 Fewkes, J. Walter
  Box 1
 Fife, Robert Herndon
  Box 1

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Finkelstein, Moses I.
  Box 1
 Fondo de Cultura Economica
  Box 1
 Fortune, Reo F.
  Box 1
 Frachtenberg, Leo J.
  Box 1
 Franco, Francisco (General)
1938 Box 1

Open letter to General Franco expressing concern over the fate of four Americans captures by Franco's troops. Includes additional handwritten draft note by Boas, beginning "Why do I stand here to raise my small voice on behalf of the Spanish loyalists?..."

Processing information: Previously titled: "Spain, Notes on Franco".

 Frelinghuysen, Joseph S.
  Box 1
 Friends of Franz Boas
1942 Box 1
 Germanistic Society of America
  Box 1
 Gerson, Walter
  Box 1

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Gissler, Carl Fridrich
  Box 1
 Goldenweiser, A. A.
  Box 1
 Gordon, E. M.
  Box 1
 Gordon, George Bryon
  Box 1

Restrictions on Use: Not for reproduction without permission from the University of Pennsylvania Museum Archives (condition set: 5 December 1984).

Provenance: Donated by Bryce Little, University of Pennsylvania Museum Archives, 1984.

Location of originals: These are copies of originals housed at University of Pennsylvania Museum Archives.

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022.

 Gordon, George Bryon, Folder 1 of 2
1905-1915 Box 1
 Gordon, George Bryon, Folder 2 of 2
1915-1926 Box 1
 Grunwedel, Albert
  Box 1
 Gulkowitsch, Lazar
  Box 1
 Haddon, A. C.
  Box 2
 Hahn, Frida
  Box 2
 Haile, Bernard
  Box 2
 Haller, Ludwig
  Box 2
 Hancock, J. A.
  Box 2
 Harris, W. F.
  Box 2
 Harrow, Benjamin
  Box 2
 Henry, Jules?
  Box 2
 Hewett, Edgar L.
  Box 2
 Heye, George G.
  Box 2
 Hodge, William
  Box 2
 Hodges, N. D. C.
  Box 2
 Holmes, William Henry
  Box 2
 Honey, James A. to George H. Chase
  Box 2
 Horsford, Cornelia
  Box 2
 Hunt, Horatio
ca. 1889 Box 2

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Ivanovsky, [A.?]
1926 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Jacobi, M. P.
  Box 2

Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Jacobs, Melville
  Box 2
 James, Goldye L. (Mrs.)
  Box 2
 James, J. B., Jr.
  Box 2
 Japanese American Committee for Democracy
  Box 2
 Jastrow, Joseph
  Box 2
 Jenks, Albert Ernest
  Box 2
 Jespersen, Otto
1916 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Jesup, Morris K.
  Box 2
 Kate, Herman ten
1913 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Kaufmann, Max
  Box 2
 Kittridge, George L.
  Box 2

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Klein, Jerome
  Box 2
 Klodic, R.
1924 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Krause, Aurel
1888 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Krauss, Friedrich S.
1895-1913 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Krehbiel, Henry E.
  Box 2
 Kroeber, A. L.
  Box 2
 Laidlaw, G. E.
  Box 2
 Lansing, Robert
  Box 2
 Laufer, Berthold
  Box 2
 Lehmann, Rudolph
  Box 2
 Lehmann, Walter
  Box 2
 Lenz, Charlotty H.
  Box 2
 Leon, Nicolas
1913 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Lesser, Alexander
  Box 2
 Lincer, William
  Box 2
 Llewellyn, Karl N.
  Box 2
 Loomis, Gertrude Shepperle
  Box 2
 Lowie, Robert H.
  Box 2
 Lowman, Guy S., Jr.
  Box 2
 von Luschan
  Box 2
 [von Luschan, Felix?]
1894 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 McAneny, George
  Box 2
 MacCurdy, George Grant
  Box 2
 McGee, W.
  Box 2
 Marini, Myra
  Box 2
 Marsh, Gordon
  Box 2
 Martine, James E.
  Box 2
 Mason, J. Alden
  Box 2
 Mayer, Theresa
  Box 2
 Mayo-Smith, Richmond
  Box 2
 Mechling, William H.
  Box 2
 Meier, Joseph
  Box 2
 Meillet, C.
  Box 2
 Merriam, C. Hart
  Box 2
 Michelson, Nicholas (Nikolai)
  Box 2
 Michelson, Truman
  Box 2
 Mitscherlich, Waldemar
  Box 2
 Moore, Jane Newell
  Box 2
 Morgan, Edith
  Box 2
 Muller, Karl
  Box 2
 Murphy, Gardner
  Box 2
 Murrell, Mitchell
  Box 2
 Mutch, James S.
  Box 2
 National Committee for Defence of Political Prisoners
  Box 2

Telegram regarding Scottsboro Boys case.

 New York Times
1923 Box 2

Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Newcombe, Charles F.
1903 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Newell, W. W.
  Box 2
 Newman, Stanley S.
  Box 2
 Nicodemus, Julia Theresa
  Box 2
 Norsemthy, Naomi
  Box 2
 Nsibirwa, Manteni L.
  Box 2
 Nuttall, Zelia
  Box 2
 Olbrechts, Frans M.
  Box 2
 Osgood, H. L.
  Box 2
 Parsons, Elsie Clews
  Box 2
 Payer, Richard
1903 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Peabody, George to Elsie C. Parsons
  Box 2
 Peltenburg, [Corneille?]
1906 Box 2

Provenance: Unsolicited donation, February 13 2011. Donator and accession number not noted in accompanying folder.

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022.

 Penck, Albrecht
  Box 2
 Pilsudski, Bronislav
1911, n.d. Box 2

Provenance: Postcards 1911: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms) and added to collection 2022.

 Plandinette, J.
  Box 2
 Plimpton, George H.
  Box 2
 Powell, Thomas Reed
  Box 2
 Prescott, Daniel B.
n.d. Box 2
 Prince, J. D.
  Box 2
 Putnam, F. W.
  Box 2
 Radin, Paul
  Box 2
 Reichard, Gladys
1923-1942 Box 2
 Reichard, Gladys. Letters from German Friends
1947 Box 2
 Reiche, Karl
1914-1915 Box 2

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Reko, Victor A.
  Box 2
 Richard, Ernst
  Box 2
 The Riverside Press
n.d. Box 2

Processing information: Previously titled "H. O. Houghton & Co.", which is the press manufacturer named in the letter, but not the sender.

 Rukeyser, Muriel
  Box 2

Includes correspondence with Ernst Boas, Gladys Reichard, and the Smithsonian Institution.

Related material: See also the Boas-Rukeyser Collection (Mss.B.B61ru).

 S., Professor
  Box 2
 Sapir, Edward
  Box 2
 Sargent, Homer E.
  Box 2
 Schiff, Jacob H. (American Museum Fund)
  Box 2
 Schreiber, Witold
  Box 3
 Schultz, R. R.
  Box 3
 Seaver, Jay W.
  Box 3
 Seler, Eduardo
  Box 3
 Seytter, Emil
  Box 3
 Shelby, Gertrude Matthews
  Box 3
 Smith, Harlan I.
1894 Box 3

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Snyder, Louis L.
  Box 3
 Sock, Paul
  Box 3
 Speers, Mary W. H.
  Box 3
 Spier, Leslie
  Box 3
 Spinden, Herbert J.
  Box 3
 Steinen, Diether von den
  Box 3
 Steinen, Karl von den
  Box 3
 Stevenson, Mrs. Cornelius
  Box 3
 [Stumpf, Carl?]
1895 Box 3

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Sturtevant, E. H.
  Box 3
 Swanton, John R.
  Box 3
 [Teeuwen, S. W. J.?]
  Box 3

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Thalbitzer, William
1913-1918 Box 3

Provenance: 1913-10-21 postcard: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms) and added to collection 2022.

 Thilenius, G.
  Box 3
 Thomas, W. I.
  Box 3
 Thorndike, E. L.
  Box 3
 Tozzer, Alfred W.
  Box 3
 Umlauff, Gustave
  Box 3
 Unidentified
  Box 3
 Unidentified, Folder 1 of 3
  Box 3

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Unidentified, Folder 2 of 3
  Box 3

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022.

 Unidentified, Folder 3 of 3
  Box 3

Processing information: Previously "Boas, Franz -- Correspondence, n.d.". Moved to this series in 2022.

 Van den Broeck, Ernest
1903 Box 3

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, 1998 (accession 1998-507ms).

Processing information: Added to collection 2022.

 Virchow, Rudolph
1883-1895 Box 3

Provenance: Gift of Norman F. Boas, December 1998. Accession 1998-1094ms.

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022.

 Wagner, Max Leopold
  Box 3
 Wallis, [Wilson, D.]?
  Box 3
 Waterman, T. T.
  Box 3
 Weike, Wilhelm
  Box 3
 Williams & Wilkins Co.
  Box 3
 Willoughly, Charles C.
  Box 3
 World War I - Boas letters in opposition
  Box 3
 Yarnall, Stanley R.
  Box 3
 Series II. Family correspondence and data
  Box 3-20

Comprises family correspondence, Boas family genealogy, possessions of Boas's family members, and biographic materials about Boas (including bibliographies, obituaries and awards).

 [Boas, Antonie "Toni"] - [Manuscript about Liszt]
  Box 3

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

Related material: Accompanying note: "found in correspondence of SB & AJ, written by Toni Boas (HBY)"

 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
1898-1937 22 folder(s) Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
1898 - July 1900 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst, Correspondence
August 1900 - July 1909 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
September 1909 - July 1910 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
August 1910 - January 1911 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
February 1911 - January 1912 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
February 1912 - June 1913 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
July 1913 - August 1914 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
September 1914 - July 1917 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
August 1917 - December 1917 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
January 1918 - June 1918 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
July 1918 - December 1918 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
January 1919 - July 1919 Box 3
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
August 1919 - February 1920 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
June 1920 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
July 1920 - June 1921 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
July 1921 - August 1922 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
June 1923 - July 1924 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
August 1925 - December 1926 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
January 1927 - August 1929 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
July 1930 - December 1930 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
January 1931 - July 1932 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Correspondence
August 1932 - August 1937 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Letters to parents [Transcripts]
1907-1918 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Notes on a conversation with Franz Boas
1940 or 1941 Box 4
 Boas, Ernst. Reminiscenses of his Father
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Academic courses
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Accounts and budgets for research
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Address book, European trip
1929 Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Addresses, residential 1889-1942
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- American Academy of Arts and Sciences, certificate of election as fellow
  Box 4

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Boas, Franz -- American Philosophical Society, certificate of election as member
 Oversized.Box OS

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Boas, Franz -- Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, certificate of election as corresponding member
1899 Box 4

Processing information: Added to collection in 2022. Previously in unprocessed boxes at end of Boas collections.

 Boas, Franz -- Biographical information
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Bibliography of Franz Boas
  Box 4

Binder containing numbered "Bibliography of Franz Boas" by H. A. Andrews, partially from the original publication and partially typeset. Reprints in Series IV appear to use this numbering system.

 Boas, Franz -- Boas family life
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Book contracts
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Certificates and diplomas
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Condolences on the death of Boas
  Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1860s-1942, n.d. 288 folder(s)

This section of correspondence, organized chronologically, consists almost entirely of Boas's own outgoing letters to family and friends, written in German. A small number of incoming in German from family are also included.

 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
ca. 1866 - 1869 Box 4

Earliest material undated. Transcription included indicates this is likely 1866 or earlier.

 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1870 Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1871 Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1872 Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1873 Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1874 Box 4
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1875 Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1876 July - Sept. Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1876 October Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1877 Feb. - March Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1877 April Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1877 May Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1877 June Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1877 July - Aug. Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1877 Sept. - Oct. Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1877 Nov. - Dec. Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1878 Jan. Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1878 Feb. Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1878 March Box 5
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1878 May - June Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1878 July - Aug. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1878 Sept. - Dec. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1879 Jan. - Feb. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1879 March - April Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1879 May Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1879 June - July Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1879 Aug. - Dec. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1880 Jan. - April Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1880 May - July Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1880 Aug. - Sept. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1880 Oct. - Dec. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence. Transcriptions
1880 Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1881 Jan. - March Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1881 April - July Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1881 Aug. - Oct. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence. Transcriptions
1881 Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1882 Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence. Transcriptions
1882 Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1883 Jan. - Feb. Box 6
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1883 April - May Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1883 June 1 - 14 Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1883 June 16 - 30 Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1883 Aug. - Sept. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1883 Oct. - Dec. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1884 April - July Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1884 Sept. Box 7

Sketches

 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1884 Oct. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1884 Nov. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1884 Dec. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 Jan. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 Feb. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 March Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 April Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 May Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 June Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 July Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 Aug. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 Sept. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 Oct. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 Nov. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1885 Dec. Box 7

Sketches

 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 Jan. - Feb. Box 7
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 March - April Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 May Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 June Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 July - Aug. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 Sept. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 Oct. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 Nov. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1886 Dec. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1887 Jan. - Feb. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1887 March - April Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1887 May - June Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1887 July - Aug. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1887 Sept. - Oct. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1887 Nov. - Dec. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1888 Jan. - March Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1888 April - May Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1888 July - Aug. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1888 Sept. - Oct. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1888 Nov. - Dec. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1888 Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1889 Jan. - Mar. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1889 April - July Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1889 Aug. - Sept. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1889 Oct. - Dec. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1890 Jan. - Feb. Box 8
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1890 March - April Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1890 May - June Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1890 July Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1890 Aug. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1890 Sept. - Oct. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1890 Nov. - Dec. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1891 Jan. - March Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1891 Apr. - June Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1891 June Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1891 July Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1891 Aug. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1891 Sept. - Oct. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1891 Nov. - Dec. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1892 Jan. - March Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1892 Apr. - May Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1892 June - Aug. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1892 Oct. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1892 Nov. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1892 Dec. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1893 Jan. - March Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1893 April - July Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1893 Aug. - Oct. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1893 Nov. - Dec. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 Jan. - Feb. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 March - May Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 June - Aug. Box 9
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 Sept. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 Oct. 1 - 21 Box 10

12 October 1894--sketches

 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 Oct. 21 - 31 Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 Nov. Box 10

Sketches

 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1894 Dec. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1895 Jan. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1895 Feb. - March Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1895 Apr. - June Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1895 July - Aug. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1895 Oct. - Dec. Box 10

19 November 1895--sketches

 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1896 Jan. - March Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1896 April - June Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1896 July Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1896 Aug. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1896 Sept. - Oct. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1896 Nov. - Dec. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 Jan. - Mar. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 April - May Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 June Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 July Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 Aug. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 Sept. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 Oct. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1897 Nov. - Dec. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1898 Jan. - March Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1898 April - July Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1898 Aug. - Sept. Box 10
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1898 Oct. - Dec. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1899 Jan. - Feb. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1899 Mar. - April Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1899 May - June Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1899 July Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1899 Aug. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1899 Sept. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1899 Oct. - Dec. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1900 Jan. - Feb. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1900 March - April Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1900 May - June Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1900 July Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1900 Aug. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1900 Sept. - Oct. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1900 Nov. - Dec. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1901 Jan. - Feb. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1901 Mar. - April Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1901 May - Sept. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1901 Oct. - Dec. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1902 Jan. - March Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1902 April - May Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1902 June Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1902 July Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1902 Aug. - Sept. Box 11
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1902 Oct. - Dec. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1903 Feb. - March Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1903 April - May Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1903 June - July Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1903 Aug. - Sept. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1903 Oct. - Dec. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1904 Jan. - March Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1904 April - Aug. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1904 Sept. - Dec. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1905 Jan. - April Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1905 May - June Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1905 July - Aug. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1905 Sept. - Oct. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1905 Nov. - Dec. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1906 Jan. - March Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1906 April - June Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1906 July - Aug. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1906 Sept. - Oct. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1906 Nov. - Dec. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1907 Jan. - Mar. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1907 April - May Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1907 June Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1907 July Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1907 Aug. - Sept. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1907 Oct. Box 12
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1907 Nov. - Dec. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1908 Jan. - Feb. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1908 March - May Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1908 June - Aug. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1908 Sept. - Oct. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1908 Nov. - Dec. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1909 Jan. - Feb. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1909 March - April Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1909 May - June Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1909 July - Aug. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1909 Sept. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1909 Oct. - Dec. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1910 Jan. - March Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1910 April - June Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1910 July - Aug. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1910 Sept. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1910 Oct. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1910 Nov. - Dec. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1911 Jan. - Feb. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1911 March Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1911 April - June Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1911 July - Sept. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1911 Oct. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1911 Nov. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1911 Dec. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1912 Jan. Box 13
 Boas, Franz -- Correspondence
1912 Feb. - March Box 14