This is the typed manuscript for Shryock's book by the same title, published by the National Tuberculosis Association in 1957. It includes valuable notes and footnotes that were not included in the published version.

The physician Charles Caldwell received his medical degree under Benjamin Rush at the University of Pennsylvania in 1796, but shared little, theoretically or stylistically with his mentor. After accepting a chair in medicine at Transylvania University in 1819, Caldwell became a champion of phrenology and racial polygenism, and he was an ardent opponent of the introduction of chemistry into the medical curriculum. In his master's thesis from the University of Pennsylvania, Richard A. Glock traces Caldwell's opposition to the introduciton of chemistry into medical education in the United States during the early decades of the 19th century, his idiosyncratic vitalistic physiology, and the relations between medical schools in the eastern and western states.

This collection contains correspondence, research notes, papers and addresses, memoranda, drafts of letters and papers. These items center on Lingelbach's career at the University of Pennsylvania and at the American Philosophical Society. There is much correspondence with noted historians relating to various topics. His interest in political history and foreign policy, and his participation in national organizations can be seen in such files as the Foreign Policy Association, National Resources Planning Board, and the U.S. War Dept. Committee on Education and Special Training (World War I).

This collection contains primarily professional correspondence and papers, but there is substantial material concerning Shryock family history. Most of the collection relates to Shryock's intellectual and social life at the University of Pennsylvania, Duke University, and Johns Hopkins University-- institutions where he made contributions as a professor of history and especially as a medical historian.

Founded in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin, the American Philosophical Society was the first learned society in the United States. For over 250 years, the Society has played an important role in American cultural and intellectual life. Until the mid-nineteenth century, the Society fulfilled the role of a national academy of science, national library and museum, and even patent office. Early members of the Society included Thomas Jefferson, David Rittenhouse, Benjamin Rush, Stephen Peter Du Ponceau, George Washington, and many other figures prominent in American history. The Archives of the American Philosophical Society consists of 192.25 linear feet of material, organized into thirteen record groups dating back to 1743. The Society's archives extensively documents not only the organization's historical development but also its role in American history and the history of science and technology.