The plant termed "fennel" by Lewis from along the Columbia River has long been considered a species of Osmorhiza. If true, the specimen could have been either O. chilensis Hook. & Arn. (Bot. Beechy Voy.: 26. 1830) or O. occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. (in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 71. 1859). Both produce large roots, but the latter has a strong licorice odor. Moulton (in press) suggests O. occidentalis was the intended plant by virtue of its taste, which Lewis reports as being similar to "annis seed." Cutright (1969: 413) suggests Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias (Brittonia 2: 244. 1936), but this seems an unlikely candidate. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:04/25/1806