Presented by Helen Redfield Schultz and accessioned, 12/--/1983 (1984 9ms).
Jack Schultz (1904-1971) was a geneticist and biochemist that centered his career on the study of the nature and function of the gene, chemical genetics of Drosophila, cytochemical and nutritional techniques, cytochemistry of growth, and the pattern of human chromosomes. He had a two-pronged research strategy, he studied genes horizontally, along with the chromosomes, and vertically, with the study of genes' effect on a single development: the formation of eye pigment in Drosophila.
Schultz in his undergraduate years at Columbia University took a position as bottle washer in Thomas H. Morgan's "fly room". His interest was piqued. He changed his major and his studies culminated in graduate work with Morgan and Edmund B. Wilson, resulting in a thesis called "Minute". His close association with biophysicist Selig Hecht further shrpened his skills in applying physiochemical methods to biological research.
Upon receiving his doctorate in 1929, Schultz and his wife, Helen Redfield, also a geneticist, moved to Pasadena to work with Morgan as he set up a new laboratory at California Institute of Technology. Here Jack attacked many problems in Drosophila genetics, collaborating with Alfred H. Sturtevant, Philip Bridges, Theodosius Dobzhansky and others.
But Schultz interest was in the chemical constitution of the genetic material. In 1937, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Foundation, he went to the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. Under the guidance of Torbjorn O. Caspersson, he found a laboratory that was more in tune to his research goals.
With the onset of World War II, Schultz returned home to take various laboratory positions, including returning to Cal Tech from 1941-1942. In 1942, he was offered a postion in the Department of Genetics and Cytochemistry at the Institute for Cancer Research in Fox Chase, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. From 1943 to 1957, he studied human chromosomes and devised media for growing Drosophila cultures. From 1957-1969, Schultz was the chairman of the Division of Biology at the Institute.
Other contributions to his profession include serving on the editorial boards of the Journal of Heredity, the American Naturalist, and Genetics. His organizational memberships culminated in a vice-presidency (Zoology) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1961), and the presidencies of the Genetics Society of America (1963) and the American Society of Naturalists (1968).
Jack Schultz was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1969. He died of a heart attack on April 29, 1971, survived by his wife, a son and daughter.
Dr. Schultz was known by his colleagues as an excellent source of information--it was said, one gained more knowledge from his personal talk than through his publications.
Jack Schultz was the last graduate student to earn his doctorate under Thomas H. Morgan at Columbia (1929), joining his mentor at the new biology division at the California Institute of Technology (1929-1936, 1940-1942). Although trained as a geneticist, Schultz began combining classical Drosophila genetics with gene chemistry as early as 1930, when American genetics and biochemistry had little common ground. He also appreciated the significance of nucleic acids in heredity at a time when the protein view of the gene was dominant. These research interests led Schultz in 1936 to a long-term collaboration with the Swedish biochemist Torbjorn Caspersson on studies of nucleic acids in relation to genetics, and to Schultz's move to the Department of Genetics and Cytochemistry at the Institute for Cancer Research in Philadelphia (1943-1969). His research program was therefore an important link between classical and molecular genetics, and between pure and applied research. Raised in New York's intellectual milieu, Schultz's temperament inclined him toward synthesis of scientific knowledge. His strength lay in organizing research and in identifying original problems and researchers. He did not enjoy writing, and did not publish or correspond prolifically; the Schultz Papers reflects this pattern in his career.
Although he worked within a medical institutional context, Caspersson's research program focused on fundamental aspects of cytogenetics, with a special emphasis on precise spectroscopic measurements. In the 1930s and 1940s, long before the race along the path to the double helix had begun, Caspersson promoted the genetic significance of nucleic acids. Combining his knowledge of cell biology and biochemistry with accurate spectroscopic observations of nucleic acids in living cells, Caspersson concluded in the late 1930s that nucleic acids were somehow involved in protein synthesis, an unorthodox view at a time when protein chemistry dominated the chemical approach to heredity.
Some of this important work was done during a two-year collaboration with Jack Schultz in Stockholm. The collaboration with Schultz, which grew into a life-long friendship, continued through correspondence, visits, and exchange of research assistants. After Schultz left abruptly at the outbreak of the war in 1939, Caspersson attempted to join Warren H. Lewis's cytology laboratory at Johns Hopkins as a Rockefeller Fellow.
This collection contains materials which relate to the history of genetics.
The Jack Schultz Papers (1924-1971) contain correspondence with colleagues, works by himself and others, plus participation in genetic related organizations and laboratories. Of note, are the very detailed research notes of studies of the Drosophila, particularly related to eye pigment, and all other areas of study conducted throughout his career as a geneticist and biochemist.
The papers (49 boxes; 24.5 linear feet) are divided into seven series:
Processed by Ann Reinhardt with funding provided by the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, 2017.
The Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, Inc.
Boris Ephrussi - Correspondence, 1934-1968
Contains some reviews of articles submitted to the periodical.
T.C. Hsu - Correspondence, 1952
Yung Sun Kang - Correspondence, 1961
Masuo Kodani - Correspondence, 1950-1955
P.C. Koller - Correspondence, 1954-1968
Taku Komai - Correspondence, 1956
Sajiro Makino - Correspondence, 1953-1955
Contains Schultz's corrections to Torbjorn O. Caspersson's Cell Growth and Cell Function.
Yong Kyun Paik - Correspondence, 1966
Theophilus Schickel Painter - Correspondence, 1944-1969
David C. Rife - Correspondence, 1946
George Ledyard Stebbins - Correspondence, 1959-1969
Curt Stern - Correspondence, 1930-1969
George Yerganian - Correspondence, 1952-1962
Micromorphogenesis
Committee on International Exchange of Persons
and Genetics of the Agricultural Board.
Opening symposium
Genetics Symposium
Thomas Hunt Morgan Centennial Symposium
on the nicotinamide requirements of Drosophila melanogaster.
and development in Drosophila.
of diploids and triploids in Drosophila melanogaster. With George T. Rudkin.
content of a cytogenetic unit.
of rhynchosciara angelae at different stages of larval development.
as studies by combination of cytochemical and genetic techniques. A summary work in progress with T. Caspersson.
Lecture notes
a chapter
chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. With David A. Hungerford.
Section III, Chaper 11 of the book, The Cell
E.B. Wilson, Courses 101 and 201, Department of Zoology, Columbia University,
and systemic carcinogens on morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. With Norma Bischoff.
of mutant and wild type Drosophila melanogaster. With George T. Rudkin.
Recent developments
With T. Caspersson.
of the nucleolar chromosome in man. With Patricia St. Lawrence.
in polytene chromospme regions in Drosophila melanogaster. With G.T. Rudkin.
in white and wildtype bearing sections of the salivary glands of D. melanogaster. With George T. Rudkin, Howard Temin.
amino acids essential for drosophila melanogaster. With George T. Rudkin.
For Torbjorn Caspersson festschrift, Experimental cell research.
With J.L. Monod.
as criteria for screening tests. With Norma Rothman, Margaret Mackay Aronson.
Also titled: A chemically defined medium for the growth of Drosophila melanogaster. With Patricia St. Lawrence, Dorothy Newmeyer.
Memorandum
in the cytoplasm of growing cells. With Torbjorn Caspersson.
Read before the Meigs Association.
Also titled, The Practical theorist. A review of The gene: a critical history by Elof Axel Carlson.
Introductory remarks
With Helen Redfield
Problems at the biological level.
in relation to heredity. With T.H. Morgan.
With others
Mintz, Beatrice, n.d.
With D.G. Catcheside.
in variegated Drosophila races.
Interrelations of nucleus and cytoplasm in growth
With George T. Rudkin
Given at Jefferson Medical College
With B.M. Slizynski
and the study of chemical genetics in Drosophila melanogaster
to the nucleic acids of the cell.
Radio-Gimbels
and its significance for the mechanism of transdetermination. With Ernst Hadorn, Robert Gsell.
With Bradford S. Fansler, Elizabeth C. Travaglini, Lawrence A. Loeb.
Lecture #39-Biochemical genetics
The electron microscopy of phage DNA molecules with denatured regions; Electron stains I; Chemical studies on the interaction of DnA with uranyl salts. With C. Richard Zobel; Electron Stains II: Electron mircoscopic studies on the visibility of stained DNA molecules. With C. Richard Zobel.
Notebooks
Biological activity of nucleoproteins extracted from cells of the sarcolysine-pesistent stock of the rat sarcoma 45. With D.J. Podgayetskaya, J.M. Olenov.
On the role of the nucleic acids in the cell; Methods for the determination of the absorption spectra of cell structures.
Chromosome studies of populations indigenous to an area of high natural radioactivity in Kerala, India; A genetic test for multiplicity of origin of the Ph1 chromosome in chronic granulocytic leukemia.
A study of the effects of a monofunctional mustard on cultures of normal human leukocytes.
A theory of the growth process; A proof-theoretic description of the life process.
Reserach grant-Cortical regulation of cell division in Stentor
Deoxyribosides in palnt tissue cultures. A paper presented at 1959 meeting of the AIBS.
A critical evaluation of quantitative histo- and cytochemical techniques.
A method for treating wheat pollen with ultraviolet radiation for genetic experiments; The possibility of forecasting the relative rate of induced loss for endosperm markers in maize.
Desoxyribonucleic acid in amphibian eggs; Studies of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on cell structure and behavior.
Research proposal. Regulatory mechanisms in protein synthesis.
Some observations on chromosome pairing in the salivary gland nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster.
Functional aspects of the interphase nucleus; Molecular organization of the chromosome.
The incorporation of P32 and glycine-2-C14 into nucleic acids during early embryonic development of Rana pipiens.
Research proposal. Control of morphogenesis in heritable tumors of plants.
The nucleolar organizer system
Chromosome structure and function in man: I. Pachytene mapping in the male, improved methods and general discussion of initial results; II. Provisional maps of the two smallest autosomes (chromosomes 21 and 22) at pachytene in the male. With Gundula U. La Badie, Gloria B. Balaban ; III. Pachytene anaylsis and identification of the supernumerary chromosome in a case of Down's syndrome. With William J. Mellman, Gloria B. Balaban, Gundula U. La Badie, Linda R. Messatzzia, Gail Haller.
Discovery of a plum supressor in Drosophila
Studies on early stages of insect oogenesis.
An attempt to determine the developmental potentialities of the cancer cell nucleus by means of transplantation.
Histocompatibility changes in tumors. With Eva Klein.
Research proposal. Functional messenger in seed embryos.
Comparative biochemical study of two allelic forms of a gene affecting leaf-shape in the tomato. With R. David Cole; Phenylboric acid, a chemical agent simulating the effect of the lanceolate gene in the tomato.
Mechanism of enzyme action
Purification and physical properties of Australia antigen
Research proposal. Differentiation and its genetic control in the embryo.
Research proposal.
Virus etiology of leukemia and pediatric tumors
The site of action of ribonucleic acid.
Symposium on biosynthesis. On the mechanism of chromosome duplication and pairing.
Research proposal. The nature and function of the peptidases
Heterocyclicity of the system of the cell nucleus.
On the replicative organization of DNA in the polytene chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.
Information theory of biological integration
Research proposal. Cytochemical studies of the function of heterochromatic chromosome regions.
Non-Mendelian inheritance of normally Mendelian genes: r-DNA.
The application of ultraviolet absorbance measurements to problems in cell biology; Disproportionate synthesis of DNA in a polytene chromosome region. With S.L. Corlette; Puffs in polytene chromosomes; The relative mutabilities of DNA in regions of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster; Research proposal. Studies on Intrachromosomal metabolism and function.
The regulation of sex chromosome heterochromatic activity.
Crossing over in the left end of the X chromosome and its relation to cytological length; Effects of delayed mating on recombination in Drosophila melanogaster; Inversions and the Y chromosome in relation to recombination and associated measurements; Research data.
Determinationof the degree on inactivation of cholinesterase... With N.V. Korelev.
The genesis of cancer. Part one. Radio-genetics: a theory of the role of natural radioactivity within living cells.
Locating the tRNA genes in Drosophila by RNA:DNA hybridization to salivary chromosomes. With D.E. Wimber.
The cell seminar. Meiosis and Reacombination.
A method for collecting and counting large numbers of Drosophila eggs.
Lecture 38. Structure and replication of DNA. Transcript from filmed lecture.
Research proposal. Cellular events in antibody synthesis.
Research proposal. Bacteriophage P1: Relation of morphological variants.
Testimonial.
Research proposal. Somatic cell genetics of the Chinese hamster.
& pur. DpXc2 Sbv on DAS b cn bw x B1L41bcnbw on DAP 3 colchicines A-24
12 antagonists #A 5
on Casein + adenosine #520-541
cas-gly, ser #468-490 AA-adeno, orotic #514-519
(Parenamine) #183-201
#62-113
yellow ring $$ gt 1 x colchci. A-7
AA c RNA or aden., orotic, PTA levels Duplic. Exper. #577-610
PTA, Desthiobiotin, wvd3/w48h showersan-contam. A-18
#400-421
+, y, v, cv, w, xx, f, Can-S #170-178
Colby, NH
+ & XX 3N AA medium. Glycine Citrovarum #435-461
Adenosine desoxyriboside
Hw49L 5bv OreR OreR
II
B12.choline on vermilion. y,+,f,cv,w,v #360-365
strains and mutants failure #353-354
A 4
12 stocks PTA summaries
homocystine, methionine, choline LEL #202-238
and their significance for the mechanism of chromosome division
ysn ++ x bl+bs >>
DpXc2/y17/y17
XXVII
OreRw51a/Xc2
wvo3/w48h - yw51a/Xc2
wvd3/w48h y51a/Xc3
XXII
Amino-an-fol on 15 $$ #A 4
Miscellaneous
Aborption spectra
RNA + adenine stocks f,y,v,+,XX,cv,w #355-359
2 levels biotin. Igot. #611-635
DAP + & XXY-XO, wvd3/w48h #542-572 3N on AA Aden., folic #574-576
+ adeno (+ citrov.) + & y #383-399
in w type flies
in different Y chromosome combinations
Separation of real from other pigments
yw51a/Xc2
XXIV
wvd3/w48h
Hw 491 Sbv OreR OreR
____ effect in Drosophila
XXIII
affected by the genes for eye color
wvd3/w48h - yw51a/Xc2
XIV
wvd3/w48b yw51a/Xc2, Ysn/Xc2
XX
wdv3/w48h - yw510c/Xc2
XVII
A-11
+ - RNA or Adenos., + - Orotic, PTA levels. + XXY-XO #577-610
and amino and nucleic acid.
XI
XII
XXI
as to the stages of mitosis at which the genes affect the cytoplasm
LD 50 XXV.
v,XX,y,+ #366-382
8 strains DpXc2 b, xx, cv, y,v,w,p #326-352
-- PTA -- yeast, Col. + PTA, on wwd3/w48h. also A 16 A-17
in Drosophila obscura
#462-491
(Gly-Cys.-Tryp) #422-434
III
--yw51v++/Xe2>
Controls and summary sheets
wvd3/w48h, yw51a/Xc2
VIII
yw51a/Xc2
(2-chloroethyl) amine. LD 50 I.
LD 50 XXVI.
-yw51a/Xc2
ysn3 (bb) ++ x b lt bw
yw51a+x Xc2, wvd3/w48h, y on +x Xc2 >
yw51a+/Xc2>
wvd3/w48h
V.
IV
in Drosophila obscura. With Helen Redfield.
Summary sheets
39 (odd), 34-250 even
Pyridoxine experiments. Nutrition summaries.
Miscellaneous notes
X
Carcinog. PTA, Colchionine. A-4
VI.
+, v, y, w, f, gt, cv, xx, + only #141-165
Screening program
#1-238
Braz. sp. on Colchine, Carcino On + A19-22
Hw49L 5bv OreR OreR
+ & v #114-140
XVIII
XIX
XV
w type) ysn/Xc2, yw51a/Xc2
VII
#1-31
#32-61
A 15
257 275 Fenlgen areas lengths
high col-skoot time
wvd3/w48h y sn x Xc2 8-azaguanine